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Issue 58.1 of the Review for Religious, January/February 1999.
fo r relg io iu s, Christian Heritages and Contemporary Living jANUARY-FEBRUARY 1999 ¯ VOLUME 58 ¯ NUMBER 1 Review for Religious is a forum for shared reflection on the lived experience of all who find that the church’s rich heritages of spirituality support their personal and apostolic Christian lives. The articles in the journal are meant to be inforntative, practical, bistorical,’or inspirational, written from a theological or spt~itual or sometimes canonical point of view. Review for Religious (ISSN 0034-639X) is published bi-monthly at Saint Louis Universi~, by the Jesuits of the Missouri Province. Editorial Office: 3601 Lindell Boulevard ¯ St. Louis, Missouri 63108-3393. Telephone: 314-977-7363 ° Fax: 314-977-7362 E-Mail: foppema@slu.edu Manuscripts, books for review, and correspondence with the editor: Review for Religious ¯ 3601 Lindell Boulevard ¯ St. Louis, MO 63108-3393. Correspondence about the Canonical Counsel department: Elizabeth McDonough OP P.O. Box 29260
\,Vashington, D.C. 20017 POSTMASTER Send address changes to Review for Religious ¯ P.O. Box 6070 ¯ Duluth, MN 55806. Periodical postage paid at St. Louis, Missouri, and additional mailing offices. See inside back cover for information on subscription rates. ©1999 Review for Religious Permission is herewith granted to copy any material (articles, poems, reviews) contained in this issue of Review for Religious for personal or internal use, or for the personal or internal use of specific library, clients within the limits outlined in Sections 107 and/or 108 of the United States Copyright Law. All copies made under this permission must bear notice of the source, date, and copyright owner on the first page. This permission is NOT extended to copying for commercial distribu-tion, advertising, institutional promotion, or for the creation of new collective works or anthologies. Such permission will only be considered on written application to the Editor, Review for Religious. Editor Associate Editors Canonical Counsel Editor Editorial Staff Advisory Board David L. Fleming SJ Philip C. Fischer SJ Regina Siegfried ASC Elizabeth McDonough OP Mary Ann Foppe Tracy Gramm Jean Read James and Joan Felling Kathryn Richards FSP Joel Rippinger OSB Bishop Carlos A. Sevilla SJ David Werthmann CSSR Patricia Wittberg SC .Chrfisfian Heritages and Contemporary Lfiv~ng JANUARY-FEBRUARY 199~ * VOLUME 58 ¯ NUMBER 1 contents 6 28 perspective. Apostles and Martyrs: Consecrated Life at the Bishops’ Synod for Asia John Mansford Prior SVD presents the challenge of the 1998 Synod for Asia to enter into a threefold dialogue--with religions, cultures, and the marginalized. Catholic Guides in Dialogue with Buddhist Practice Paul Bernadicou SJ reviews the progress of Catholic writers in their efforts to provide a fruitful exchange between Christianity and Buddhism. 35 42 traditions Lithuanian and American Sisters: A Lively Interactive Dance Barbara Valuckas SSND describes some of the similarities and differences in the issues facing women religious in the West and in Lithuania. Serpents and Doves: The Company of St. Ursula Ann White draws our attention to the pioneering Ursuline Marie Guyart (Blessed Marie of the Incarnation) living out the vision and spirit of the foundress, St. Angela Merici, to combine the secular and sacred, the worldly and the religious. spirituality 48 The Art of Discernment: The Aesthetic Dimension Xavier Plissart MAfr explains that a basic and essential quality of disce~:nment is that it should strive to be as common as possible in its insight and process, and as universal as possible in the aim toward action. Review for Religious 61 The Still Point: Contemplation Kathy Dunne RC shares her experience and her insights into the unitive way, a way not isolated in prayer, but intimately connected with the dance between the contemplative and apostolic life. 68 82 .aging Caring for Our Own: Competent, Personal Long-term Care in a Faith Perspective Imelda Maurer CDP pictures how life in long-term care looks for some communities of women religious and the witness that is given to the human values that our faith provides. What Is My Mission in Retirement? Francis Blouin FIC clarifies the call of service especially for those who no longer serve in active ministry. 86 report Scrupulosity: Age-old Problem, Holistic Response Paul Duckro, C. Alex Pollard, and Jason Williams describe a synergistic collaboration between behavioral science and religious faith for finding an effective response to the problem of scrupulosity. departments 4 Prisms 98 Canonical Counsel: Living the Evangelical Counsels 103 Book Reviews Janualy-l.¥brllaty 1999 Many of us are familiar with the late Henri Nouwen’s Return of the Prodigal Son--a book in which Nouwen reflects on the Gospel story and Rembrandt’s painting of the same title displayed in the Hermitage musuem in Saint Petersburg in Russia. Some years after writing the book, Nouwen died while he was on a journey to Russia to participate in a television fea-ture dealing with the painting and his book. Nouwen’s fascination with Rembrandt’s painting of the famous Lucan parable makes a special appeal to us all in the year 1999. As we continue to follow the direc-tions of Pope John Paul’s apostolic letter "As the Third Millennium Draws Near," we know that the year 1999 is dedicated to seeing things "in the perspective of Christ: in the perspective Of the ’Father who is in heaven’" (§49
Mt 5: 45). Just as the previous two years were dedicated respectively to Jesus Christ and to the Holy Spirit, so this final year preparatory to the new millennium is focused particul.arly upon God--the One Jesus calls Abba-Father. A dynamic is uniquely associated with this third year of preparation. It is the journey motif. We are to pay special attention to the fact that we human beings are ’.’on the journey to the house of the Father." The God we come to know on our journeying is not just a good God but a God of forgiving love, a compassionate God. Following an allusion made by the pope, w.e might iden-tify the year 1999 as the year of the parable of the prodi-gal. Like the prodigal, we all are on the road leading home. Like the prodigal, we may have a mix of feelings about the life choices we have made and the values we Review for Religqous. have lived. Like the prodigal, in the midst of evaluating our life we sometimes find ourselves needing to throw ourselves on God’s mercy--and ready to do so. In one way or another, then, we tend to find ourselves on the road with the prodigal, similar in our rue-ful disquiet about past failings and in our modest plans for a fresh start. Most important, though, is our coming to the ever new and deepening understanding of the reality of God’s relationship with us--the One who keeps watching for us whenever our approach, the One who hastens to embrace us into the family. Demanding as the actual journeying of our life may be, our attention should be fixed primarily on the journey of our heart. The heart needs to be quiet and hear the questions: Where are we now in our journey? Is life for us Christians lived truly as a pilgrimage--a journey with a direction? How have we come to know God in our adult years? Is God the one we experience as so compassionate to us that we feel the pull to address God with Jesus’ intimacy-of-love word Abba? Most commonly, pilgrimage evokes a picturing of a group mov-ing onward together. So, too, in our pilgrimage we are not alone. Our Christian community in all its various forms--family, parish, sodality, religious congregation--makes real that it is a "we" jour-neying together to the Father. The call to a new evangelization summons us, already known in Pauline times as a people of "The Way," to be welcoming to a humanity searching for the way. Pilgrims are known to tell stories as in Chaucer’s Canterbury Tales, and pilgrims are known to sing songs as the psalms so often describe. As we continue our journeying in 1999, we need to tell one another our own parables of a pilgrimage home. Together we sing songs of praise to the Father "who has blessed us in Christ with every spiritual blessing’I (Ep 1:3-4). The year 1999 can be a special pilgrimage for us all. David L. Fleming sJ Januao,-Februaty 1999 JOHN MANSFORD PRIOR Apostles and Martyrs: Consecrated Life at the Bishops’ Synod for Asia Nowhere else in the world is religious life flourishing-- in both its traditional and more contemporary forms-- as it seems to be in Asia. Thus, unsurprisingly, of the 252 participants at the Synod for Asia (19 April to 14 May 1998), some 90 were members of religious orders or congregations, 36 percent of the total. Among these 90 were 63 of the 188 synodal fathers (including 10 superiors general) and 27 of the 58 auditors and experts (including 8 sisters, 5 priests, and two brothers). These numbers, of course, do not represent the pro-portions of consecrated life in Asia and are not intended to. Eight sisters among 244 men reflects neither the presence nor the role of sisters--let alone other women--in the mission of the Asian churches. It was, after all, a synod of bishops, not a, meeting of religious. The ninety religious were present because religious are active in Asia today at all levels of ecclesial life. But with over a third’ of the participants belonging to religious orders and congregations, religious life in Asia was not far from the surface of the synodal discussions. John Mansford.Prior SVD has worked in Indonesia since 1973 and writes from Seminari St. Paulus Ledalero
Maumere 86152, Flores-NT:r
Indonesia. During the Synod for Asia, he was liaison officer for the English-speaking press. His article is being published also in Informationes SCRIS, the in-house publicatio~a of the Congregation for Institutes of Consecrated Life and Societie~ of ApoStolic Life. Review for Religious The theme of the synod--"Jesus Christ the Savior and his mission of love and service in Asia ’that they may have life and have it abundantly’"--does not refer directly to consecrated life, but it is central to religious life. Religious are active agents in Jesus’ mission of love and service, and so consecrated life was referred to in the context of mission. The evangelical theme of the synod was explained at leng.th in two presynodal documents, the lineamenta (guidelines) published in September 1996 and the instrumentum laboris (working docu-ment) published on the eve of the synod itself (February 1998). I wish to glance briefly at these two documents before looking at the synodal documents themselves. Presynodal Documents While all the lineamenta are of interest to religious as mis-sioners, there are just six explicit observations on consecrated life in this document. Half of these are in chapter 2, on the history of Christianity in Asia. Regarding mission in Asia before the 12th century, we read: "Most of these early missionaries and bishops were monks
others were merchants and ordinary Christians" (§9). The important point here is that Eastern-rite churches have been in Asia since Apostolic times and are not the result of Western colonial expansion since the days of da Gama and Columbus. These churches in the Middle East (from Palestine to Iran) and ’in southern India (Kerala), founded long ago by "monks, merchants, and ordinary Christians," are Asian and are accepted as such amid the dominant local populations, whether Muslim or Hindu. This was emphasized time and again by the patriarchs and bishops of these churches. Unfortunately, the story is. different for other churches in Asia. In the 15th and 16th centuries, missionary activity went hand in hand with the colonial expansion of Portugal and Spain. Even today, five hundred years later and half a century since most Asian countries achieve~l political independence, these Latin-rite churches are still looked upon as Western imports. Although some churches were initiated by laypeople (in Indonesia, for example) or even were founded by laypeople (in Korea, for exam-pie), many of these missi6ners were religious. Thus we read in § 10: "Between 1510 and 1640, Franciscans, Jesuits, Dominicans, Augustinians, Carmelites, and Theatines all established houses in Prior * Apostles and Martyrs Asia." Despite the colonial link, the lineamenta emphasize these orders’ pioneering work of inculturation. Clearly, the guidelines are rereading history with the needs of contemporary mission in mind. The small, "half-hidden tradition" of dialogue in the past is about to become the great "major tradition" for dialogue in the future. "Many ’missionary-minded’ religious congregations sprang up in Europe during the 19th and 20th centuries. Several of these congregations are still at work in Asia. During t.his same period a number of Asian religious congregations of men and women estab-lished themselves in Asia, particularly in India and the Philippines. During the 19th century, for the first time women ventured out into distant lands in Asia to bear witness to Christ and his gospel and to serve the poor .... They also became a very essential part of mission in Asia, especially in the preparation of catechumens and the education of children" (§12). One of the signs of renewal since Vatican Council II is the way in which education, previously domesticating, is now. more and more following a liberating model. Such postconciliar renewal is taken up in the following section on "Lessons Learned from History." Among "Significant Contributions" after Vatican II are "con-tinental structures ... for the religious in Asia, such as the Asian Meeting of Religious (AMOR), [which] bring the particular churches in Asia together and help coordinate their missionary and pastoral activities" (§14). Perhaps AMOR has achieved more than any other collegial body in opening up the leaders of religious orders and congregations to the wider social realities in which they live and work. This is surely the vital role that Asia-wide bodies are filling: awareness building and ongoing formation among religious leadership. There will be no new evangelization without a shift in consciousness (one of Longeran’s "conversions"). Shifts in consciousness come about when we listen to each other and discover the links between our differing situations. Ond important sign that the local churches are now becoming mission-sending churches instead of being exclusivelj~ or mostly mission-receiving churches is the emergence of new Asian mis-sion societies. In the past "the agents of mission were mostly mem-bers of religious orders, congregations, and missionary institutes. Today the local churches of Asia have a number of Asian mis-sionary institutes" (§ 15). As we shall see, this was later taken up on the floor of the synod. Review for Religious Towards the end of the lineamenta ("Agents of Evangelization," §32), the term "consecrated life" is used for the first time. This is in the context of a mission theology of religious life. "It is a very heartening thing to note that many particular churches in Asia have already established mission institutes to send missioners to other countries, even though they themselves are in need of missioners in their own countries. Asian bishops have a particular responsibility to promote mission institutes and to be generous with their personnel for mission areas. Religious orders, congregations, and mission institutes have played a very remarkable role in the evangelization of Asia from the very beginning. Consecrated life is a very privileged means of evange-lization. Persons consecrated by religious vows can dedicate themselves fully to evan-gelization work because of their radical choice of the evangelical counsels, their total availability, their capacity for origi-nality in mission methods--as the history of mission shows, their spirit of generosity and their easy mobility." In this way the lin-eamenta sum up consecrated life in Asia: its historical contribution, distinctive witness, and recent developments. Responses from Asian episcopal conferences to the lineamenta were numerous, some of which have been widely published. Those of Japan, Taiwan, Indonesia, and India appeared in the East Asian Pastoral Review (no. 1, 1998). The instrumentnm laboris, or syn-odal working document, is thus a commentary by the preparatory committee upon the lineamenta, taking into account the views of the Asian bishops. Not surprisingly, the instrumentum is very dif-ferent in both tone and accentuation from the initial document. It is closer to Asia. Religious life gets five explicit mefftions, and these are of inter-est: First, in the historical section, it is regretted that the pio-neering work of dialogue with cultures and other Asian religions was discontinued so quicklyi "Even though the missionaries’ efforts met with many successes, it is felt that a proper understanding of these elements in the work of evangelization would have led to a greater acceptance of the faith by the people of Asia .... The church’s rediscovered appreciation of other religions and cultures should find greater expression in her missidnary approach" (§14). There will be no new evangelization without a shift in consciousness. Janumy-Feb~wa~y 1999 Religious today are being called to recapture these creative insights from the past. However, there is a price to pay. In continuing Jesus’ mission of love and service through interreligious and inter-cultural dialogue, consecrated life in the Latin rite will have to leave behind its Western heritage and become radically Asian. This latter point was brought up many times on the floor 6f the synod. While no section in the lineamenta was devoted to religious life, the whole of §16 of the instrumentum is. devoted to "Consecrated Witness." Mention is made of the "steady increase in the number of vocations during the past decades," both to "tra-ditional religious congregations and institutes which are Western in origin
in recent years a number of new local religious congre-gations have sprung up in Asia." "In many cases o . . service pro-vided by missioners has led to martyrdom." "Witness in Asia has ¯ . . come from a great many of the church’s religious orders and congregations who have made a major contribution to the growth of the local churches in Asia during the last five hundred years of evangelization. Tens of thousands of religious sisters and brothers, by their love and unselfish service to those who suffer from poverty in its many forms, have contributed to nourishing the faith of many in the church in Asia. Some of these have given an invalu-able service to local churches by establishing houses of formation, especially seminaries. They have been able to reveal the compas-sionate, loving, and caring face of Jesus to the peoples of Asia. Religious brothers have given an outstanding service to the cause of general education, vocational training, technical education, and developmental works. Contemplative religious have also made a unique contribution to the Christian mission in Asia by their prayers and their witness of complete dedication to a life of union with God." Missioners are contemplatives in action--this is a favorite saying of John Paul II. The evaluation of Catholic mission history in Asia (920, "Leaven in Society") highlights the work of religious in educating the laity. Not aJfew outstanding national leaders in cultural, eco-nomic, and .political affairs, even in countries where Christians are a tiny minority, are alumni of Catholic schools. Towards the end of the instrumentum are two more refer-ences to consecrated life, neither of which’ is found in the initial lineamenta. In 942, "The Word of God and Mission," we read: "Some responses ask for a greater attention to the Sacred Review for Religious Scriptures, the word of God, in all areas of church life, especially by bishops, priests, deacons, those in consecrated life, catechists, and lay missioners. Preachers, especially missioners, should draw from the Bible and lead their hearers to take up the word of God for personal study and inspiration .... God’s word has an inherent power to touch the hearts of all peoples, both Christians and believers of other faiths." This link between the centrality of the biblical apostolate in mission and the centrality of the word in the life witness of the missioner came up later on the synodal floor. Finally, in "The Service of Dialogue," we read: "The mission of the church takes place in interaction with others of which dia-logue is an important aspect. Some bishops in Asia have placed an emphasis upon what they term a ’dialogue of life and heart.’ . ¯ . Cloistered sisters, who lead lives of prayer and love in open friendship with their neighbors of other faiths, have shown them-selves to be among the most effective practitioners of the dialogue of life." This is one of the few references to contemplative life in the presynodal documents. While just two participants in the synod were from contemplative orders, a central part of the synod was the link between contemplation and action. God-experience and authentic life-witness are crucial. Proclamation in Dialogue During the first seven days, 191 interventions were made by the synodal members and auditors. A quick, thematic analysis of these interventions follows. Twenty-three interventions were on °interfaith dialogue, 18 on the local, church as a communion of communities (a participative, collegial church). Sixteen interven-tions were on inculturation, 11 on the church’s option to accom-pany the poor and margin.alized, and 10 on the challenge of economic globalization. Another 10 were on Asian spirituality and God-experience, 7 on youth, and another 7 on the church in China. Six focused on the ancient Apostolic churches of the Middle East, 5 on issues concerning women, 5 concerning the laity, 4 con-cerning schools, 4 concerning ecumenism, 4 concerning indigenous peoples, 4 concerning family life, and so on. VVhat picture emerges from this rough breakdown? Seventy-six percent of the intervention~s (146) dealt with four main topics: the Asian churches in diaiogue with other faith traditions (43 inter-ventions), the church becoming Asian by dialoguing with living Janttary-Februat.’y 1999 Prior ¯ Apostles and Martyrs r ¯ ] cultures (41 interventions), the churches learning to dialogue with the poor (33 interventions), and the Asian church as a church of the laity (29 interventions). Thus, for the bishops and observers, the threefold dialogue with other religions, with cultures, and with the marginalized looks to the context, approach, and con-tent of the New Evangelization. In this threefold dialogue Christ will become all in all, "that they have life and have it abundantly." Clearly, members of religious orders and congregations are involved in this threefold dialogue, one way or another. In responding to Jesus’ mission through the threefold dialogue, con-secrated life itself is evange.lized. It must be noted that only three interventions took up conse-crated life as its sole subject (§§2"5, 81, and 99), while three supe-riors general included religious life as one of their topics (§§68, 133, and 134). Others touched upon consecrated life as part of their intervention. Ten superiors general spoke of various aspects of mission. Some other interventions are of direct relevance to religious, those on Asian spirituality, for instance, and on the strug-gle of women. I here pinpoint a few major issues culled from these interventions. Women in Church and Society Keeping in mind that the great majority of religious are women and that the majority of missioners in Asia are women also, the few interventions on women are of particular impor-tance. Sister Filomena Hirota MME (Japan), one of the eight sis-ter auditors pres.ent, spoke on women’s growing awareness and on women’s movements which demand that the fundamental equal-ity and dignity of all women and girls be respected in thought, attitudes, and practices. After referring to statements by the FABC (Federation of Asian Bishops’ Conferences) over the years, she said: "The church in Asia has a predominantly feminine face. In many countries women constitute 70-80 percent of its member-ship. The presence of women in pastoral ministry, their service to the poor and marginated, their commitment to peace and jus-tice in ecumenical and interreligious relationships, and their sol-idarity actions in promoting the dignity and equality of all women, men, and children have been significant and important." She went. on to say: "A new way of being church in Asia calls for a church in solidarity with the cry of women in a prophetic Review for Religious way." The church is called to "become a credible sign of the dig-nity and freedom of women in society and in the world" (Fourth FABC Assembly). The church has to find a concrete way to respond to the Holy Father’s words expressing regret and apology for wrongs and insensitivities toward women in the church: "May this regret be transformed, on the part of the whole church, into a renewed commitment to fidelity to the gospel vision" (Letter to Women, 29 June 1995). She made five proposals: (1) "Members of Mother Church are called to be agents of communion, to create wholesome and equal relationships of compassion and care among humankind and with nature." (2) "Theology from women’s perspectives and experiences should be introduced in seminaries and mission formation courses." (3) "It is important, indeed necessary, for male members of Mother Church to discover and grow in ’feminine’ insights and attitudes in imita-tion of Jesus (see FABC Assembly 1990) so that their service may be fully and genuinely human and Christian in a society where the logic of domination is destroying both human beings and nature." (4) "Future priests should be formed so as to accept women as equal disciples and companions in their evangelization work." (5) "As a concrete sign of recognition of the fundamental equality of all bap-tized persons (including their dignity and rights) and the church’s commitment to uphold women as equal partners, it is urgently rec-ommended: (a) that there be a minimum of 30 percent participa-tion of women in all church organizations and councils
(b) that in the church all women, including religious sisters, be justly com-pensated for their work
(c) that women be given support and opportunities which will enable them to study theology and related subjects
(d) that in each diocese a committee be formed to address injustice, especially against women and children, and to take effec-tive appropriate action in coordination with other local, national, and international organizations
(e) that all language (which sub-consciously influences our conscious attitudes) of church-related writings reflect the equality of men and women. May Mary of the Magnificat accompany us in this jourfiey as we women commit ourselves to Jesus’ mission of love and service in Asia!" Appropriate here is the intervention of Pastor Agustina Lumentut, of the Central Sulawesi Christian Church of Indonesia, The church in Asia has a predominantly feminine face. Januat3,-FebruaD, 1999 Prior ¯ Apostles and Martyrs one. of the ecumenical delegates from the Christian Conference of Asia. She noted: "In Asia many countries are afflicted by a mon-etary and economic crisis. Therefore poverty and suffering increase for men, but in particular for women who will be hit most by the rising prices of their basic needs. Often the husbands and the older children of Asian women have gone away to the big cities to find a job and never return. No ’syn-odos,’ no ’walking-together’ any-more for many Asian women and their families. But there is a ’syn-odos,’ a ’walking-together’ with women from the same reli-gion, but also from other religions, women who have similar expe-riences. As Asian women theologians have stated: ’These shared experiences can become one of the primary sources for theologi-cal reflection, for rereading the Scripture, for a new interpretation, a new perspective.’ As long as Asian women find the courage to tell each other their stories and share their .experiences, they have hope. Women are walking together. But is the church walking with them?" David Fleming SM, superior general of the Marianists (inter-vention no. 68), reflected on the compelling power of feminine images of the holy in Asian religions. In Hindu spirituality female images usually stand for shakti, power, creative energy. In Bengali Hinduism great attention is paid to Durga, a feminine image of the holy that is portrayed, almost like the Woman of the Apocalypse (chap. 12) as conquering the forces of evil, crushing the serpent’s or dragon’s head. Such feminine images, far from inducing passivity and helpless resignation, point to great social dynamism. The many feminine figures in Asia have arisen in a context of theo-logical reflection and catechesis that-is totally different from ours and surely unacceptable to us as Christians on the level of doctrine. Nevertheless, they enshrine some religious imagery that we Christians naturally find realized in Mary. She is a holy woman of contemplative sensitivity, one who experienced God rather than analyzed God. She is full of compassion and sensitivity to the poor and suffering, in dynamic solidarity with them, sharing their strug-gles as a woman of the people in an oppressed nation. In herself she lives a harmony with God, with her fellow human beings, with nature, and with society. David Fleming ended by saying: "Much of this Asian sensitivity for what we might roughly call the ’feminine’ aspects of the holy is in fact integrated into the tender and almost cbnnatural devo-tion to Mary that characterizes so many Asian Christians. I am Review for Religious not talking of an integration of doctrine or of any new theologi-cal assertions about Mary. But I believe that a culture that shows so great a sensitivity to the feminine side of the holy has a great deal to contribute to our Christian experience of Mary, not only in Asia but also in the rest of the world. It helps us see the dynamism and vitality of Mary in the work of salvation and her power to motivate us to a commitment in solidarity with the poor. In this way we can give a greater Asian content to the conviction often expressed by the Holy Father that Mary is the ’Star’ enlight-ening and directing the progress of the new evangelization in our era." All this is of interest to religious, both women and men. What images of God have we internalized, which images are we proclaiming by our lifestyle and in our work? God-Experience Time and again, bishops spoke out on the centrality of authen-tic experience of the human and the divine. I take up just one example, the presentation of Bishop John Osta of Patna, India (intervention no. 37). It is, "Bishop John said, "not enough to repeat doctrinal or theoretical formulas
personal witness to a personal experience is called for." Bishop John called for a new contem-plative lifestyle for all in the church. In this "rebirthing" of the church, religious have a pioneering role: live the Christian mystew in an Asian way! Integrating prayer forms from other Asian reli-gions is not syncretism, he maintained, but a demand of our times. The bishop continued by quoting FABC (Hong Kong, 1977): "The decisive new phenomenon for Christianity in Asia will be the emergence of genuine Christian communities in Asia, Asian in their way of thinking, praying, living, communicating their own Christ-experience to others .... We should beware of seeing our future mission in categories that belong to the past, when the West shaped the churches’ history. If the Asian churches do not dis-cover their own identity, they have no future." David Fleming made an interesting contribution on some aspects of the "dialogue of religious experience." His nine years in Nepal and India informed his presentation. He said: "To speak to the heart of Asian people and enter into a genuine dialogue of religious experience, religious and bishops should give special attention to developing the Christian contemplative life in Asia, as well as to enriching the contemplative dim.ension within all insti- P~o__r_ ¯ ~ostles and Martyrs, tutes of consecrated life, in order to create inculturated forms of living the spirituality of each institute. This is an aspiration widely shared, but not always so well realized, by religious institutes pre-sent in Asia." He continued: "Interreligious dialogue on the level of reli-gious experience involves a giving and a receiving, so that much can be learned from the deep reli
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Please browse the more than 8000 knit- and crochet-related treasures in the CKC Collections Resource <a href="http://digital.centerforknitandcrochet.org/collections/show/1">Museum and Library Collections</a> (drawn from <a href="https://dp.la/info/developers/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Digital Public Library of America</a>). CKC is seeking new partner organizations to share their collections of knitting and crochet with visitors to this resource. Contact us at <a href="mailto:collections@centerforknitandcrochet.org">collections@centerforknitandcrochet.org</a> for more information about participating. <br /><br /><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/11Hb_Y75HnhkCE5i4mKpcTlB8Msp_lB0XUtQr5S8XXKA/edit?usp=sharing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Learn more about criteria for Share Your Treasures.</a>
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linkto:001:http://wcudigitalcollection.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16232coll8/id/1545
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Horace Kephart (1862-1931) was a noted naturalist, woodsman, journalist, and author. In 1904, he left St. Louis and permanently moved to western North Carolina. Living and working in a cabin on Hazel Creek in Swain County, Kephart began to document life in the Great Smoky Mountains. He created 27 journals in which he made copious notes on a variety of topics. Journals 5 through 11 deal with various aspects of outdoor life and contributed to his popular book, “Camping and Woodcraft.” First published in 1906 under the title “The Book of Camping and Woodcraft: A Guidebook for Those Who Travel in the Wilderness," the 1916/1917 edition of "Camping and Woodcraft" is considered a standard manual for campers after almost a century of use. Journal 7 (previously known as Journal VII) includes information on duffle bags and camp kits, first aid and toiletries, pocket knives and hatchets, fire making, camp food, clothing and footware. There are also small sections on arms, ammunition, and emergency fishing tackle. Click the link in the Related Materials field to view a table of contents for this journal.
l d. PERSONAL KITS. 2be29-30. _.iu., bel. ~,(%, / 7 0- f/.J""; Afil_ , Week-end Kit.-- 2dl-3,ill. dl. l < t System In Stowing the Dunnage Bag I F things are dumped into the dunnage bag helter skelter, the article wanted is sure to be at the bottom, even though it was put in on top a few seconds before. Such is the perversity of inaminate objects. Also, if the bag is used as a pillow, the heels of your spare shoes will be working themselves into the back of your neck about three A. M. The bluejacket keeps his clothes in a canvas bag about fifteen inches in diameter and thirty inches long. Each piece of clothing is rolled up neatly ) inside out, tied with a couple of "stops" around it, and stowed systematically. He can find anything wanted in a few seconds, without digging out half the contents of the bag. Can the camper do as well? Or does he find his tooth brush in a soiled sock and a mouldy shoe in the sleeve of a clean undershirt while the toothpowder has gone adrift and dusted everything in the bag? The few extra minutes needed to pack the bag properly will be more than saved the first time it is opened to get some needed article. da . DUFFLE BAGS . dal. ~k Harper,40, 166. D.Wallace,23. Breck,48 • 2fxl-2. lkal. ~f!,.)I--~O,~· ~ ,., ai'-Jf. Hanks,25, 31,ill. .2he 61, '3 {Bt..· ~). c' 34. e2, ~ 1- $", .i,.tt. .!). £ /.2. -1.3. 7¥'-,J. ~/31-lft'l . ~-lt7, ~~,16~· ~~--~~7- ~U>""".- ~,Jb< 63, ~- Lavisse, :1:4-8-. I l 9" CuT fDGE:S •o BE '1"Uf\:NED OVEf\: AND SEWED AND EYLI:TS OR GROMMETS TO BE PUT IN SO AS TO GO T~IOtOU(;~ TWo(Z)THICKN£$SitS OI"C ... NVA&, ON OUTSlO£ EDGES. MATERIAl., 10 0~ CANVAS. GROMMETS, ~ 0'"· ABOUT. WATERPROOFING, LIME AND ALUI"'· DYE.. DAR I( B~oWN . NoT£. ,,. •• tMPo~TANT THAT TH£ GfltOMME"I'S BE Pl.ACED '"TO "TH£ ttiJ.,~NSIONS GIVt:M ~0 THA'T W~I::N. CANVAS IS FlOI.L.ED TH.t;:; GROI"''ME.,.S WILL MATCH, ,, =IP .I II) II ·"' ~~ 1_/), ~ ~ "' t 0 0 .,I.. 0 01 0 0 : ~tl 0 -~ 0 00 00 I I z:.s AaT. No LACING 15 SHOWI'I ON EITHER aACO . -- - - ---- _ , ~ 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 . ~ :5>..vt; .. ~- 4.t~ j I htE l !\ t . r r 1 I l "' l • v r • dbl • db. KIT BOXES. HOtDALLS ,etc. . r t --- ---------~-- Men Are Going Into the Service Every Day--Be Prepared To Furnish Them With a SOLDIER'S COMPANION The Waterproof Kit for Field Service "Over There" This combinatiom writing outfit and mending kit is used by Soldiers, Sailors, Sportsmen, Campers, Hun t e r s, Tourists, Etc. Sells on sight to friends of the boys in khaki or blue, wishing to send them something useful. Always handy to write home or mend clothes, carry medicines, etc. Retail Price, Complete $1.00 Don't delay-Send for prices today E. J. Manufacturing Co. 14 E. Jackson Blvd., Chicago, l}~. SOLDIER'S COMPAN ION KIT OFFERED TRADE. One of the latest additions to military supplies that may be handled .profitably by sporting goods dealers is the Soldier's Companion, a useful outdoor combination writing outfit and clothes-mending kit recently offered the trade by the E. J. Manufacturing Company, of 417 South Dearborn street, Chicago, Ill. The kit consists of a waterproof container carrying envelopes, paper, pencil and the housewife, an arrangement for holding pins, needles, safety pins, thread, an emergency lace for shoes and legging.s, buttons, also space in the button compartment foT carrying ink, tablets, medicine or anything which must be kept dry, the whole outfit measur1ng six and one-half inches in length, two inches in diameter and weighing seven and one-hal.f ounces. It is used by sol diers, marines, sportsmen, campers, etc., but especially by soldiers and marines, who, after leaving camp or ship and are in field service they have no access to writing material except that which they carry. The Soldier's Companfon being light and compact is ea.sily .placed in the roll or pack or hooked onto the lielt, and being waterproof prevents ruining of stationery, needles, thread, etc., as they ford rivers and many times go through storms and damp weather. It is handy when the writing notion hits a fe!Jow, and all soldiers have friend.s to write to, and in the few spare moments when it is necessary to do a little clothesmending, a few stitches may be inserted. with d.ry thread assured and needles that aren't rusty. Numerous odd jobs r.an be done with this emergency kit that adds comfort to the soldier as well as the sportsman and camper, whose condWons a-re about on the same lines. The inventor, E. Johnson, who served in the !SpanishAmerican war, saw the practical side of the outfit and has eliminated everything that is not absolutely necessary in order to lessen weight. and he made it as compa:et and serviceable as nos·sible. It is indispensable to those. in field service. alsc within reach of ali. The retail price is $1.(}0, and dealers will have no trouble in making this kit a winner, as it Jg a big value for the money. Dealers who are desirous of ascertaining the merits of the aTt'cle ean secure full information by addressing the E. J . ManuJ cturing. Compa.n , 417 South Dearborn street, Chicago . .4/.>r:::J- ..,.,.., - ..6 '- • ~- .;t • ~ ly/J- db . CAMP POCKETS and BOXES. A Wallet for Toilet Articles in Camp. No MATTER how many bags and boxes the amateur camper out takes with him to the woods, he will find that some sys~et;n of keeping everything in its proper place, and providing that proper place, is necessary if he expects to find a thing when he needs it. And few petty annoyances so exasperate one as a long and almost fruitless search for some article that is generally found at las~ in the very bottom of a duffle bag, underneath sundry articles of clothmg and the like. The toothbrush the hairbrush and comb, and articles that are needed ~very day have a way of getting lost or mixed with other articles, and in the end one naturally concludes that it is best to separate such things from the rest of the outfit and keep them together in some receptacle made for them. As canoeists often go from camp to camp, and get into the habit of separating each group or articles in their outfits, a wrinkle often observed among their effects is worthy of mention here. This is a bit of canvas with pockets sewed on, which is hung in the tent while in use, and rolled up and tied with a string for stowing in some duffle-bag when camp is moved. An illustration of a simple contrivance of this sort is given here, for the reason that any person can make one in a few minutes if he is handy at sewing on a machine, or if not, some goodnatured woman relative will help him out. Some of these wallets are made of a single piece of heavy duck, nicely bound with braid, and with six or more pockets sewed on one side, each pocket being also neatly bound. These are not difficult to make, but the simpler one illustrated will answer many requirements. It is less fancy, but thoroughly serviceable, nevertheless. To make one, then, take :1 piece of canvas or brown duck r8 by 24 inches or more in size and fold one end over the piece a little more than a third of the entire length. Then turn the edges clown all round and sew two or three seams up the sides and across the top. These will leave the article with one large pocket, while the seams will answer to stiffen the edges instead of using braid. Down the front two more seams are then sewed, when the wallet assumes the form shown in the illustration, with three roomy pockets. A grommet is then put in each one of the upper corners, a bit of tape sewed on the back, and the thing is completed. On one of the walls of the tent two bits of cord should be sewed, and the wallet is then suspended inside the tent by this means, where it will be within reach at all times. Nothing handier for holding small articles can be found. When camp is broken, the wallet is taken down, rolled up and tied with the string, then stowed away until the tent is pitched in some other place. Besides the ·brush~s and comb. a shaving brush, razor, paper, and soap-if one carries these things to camp-can he kept in it, as -wc11 as a tiuy mirror, spool of thre1d. hullons, needles, perhaps a screwdriver, and even fishing tackle or a target revolver and some cartridges can be kept in the wallet and away from the damp ground. Some tents are made with pockets in each corner, or several pockets on one side, but while these are handy, durin~ a continuous rain the! become damfl, so th~ separate pocket is better, and as it is taken out of the tent when camp is broken, the articles it contains are not so likely to be smashed as they will be if they are left in the other pockets while the tent is folded or rolled. Again, it is the simple and inexpensive articles one makes that he often appreciates most, for in a great many respects the cost of an article does not add to its real Yalue in the estimation of the owner. A Serviceable Tin Box For Camp Use. Ilere is a box that should be found in every outfit of canoeists and campers. lt is an ordinary japanned tin bond box, cooling thirty cents at a stationery shop, but in a year's usc it will be found fully as serviceable as any other one article carried by the camper. The dimensions of one of these bond boxes are 40 by 40 by ro inches. They are made of heavy tinned iron, stayed at the edges with wire, and are practically indestructible and waterproof unless entirely submerged. There is a wire lnndle, hasp and staple for a fastening at one end, and the box is heavily japanned outside. The illustration shows one that has been in use for five seasons, but is good for more. One of these boxes is very handy in a camper's outfit, as it will hold a large number of small articles likely to db3. be lost if not kept in something of this sort, ~nd its advantages over a bag for small stuff are e_vident. at .a alance. As a box for fishing tackle alone, this vanety IS ~vorthv of trial while articles that are subject to rust if exposed to da;11p air are well protecte~ if kept in it. This is especially true of revolvers or pistols, and small cartridaes loaded with nitro powder deteriorate to some extent if exposed long to salt air. T 2> . / • de. DITTY BAGS. POUCHttS. ff~~ k k 'Wv t., ~~~ . C,36 . Nessmuk,16-17. . J - 2n7. 2,n'-/8. ~ fh fJ. :J.J.c..l- 6, ~, .2~ 7 - 1'1 J ~, ¥• J./S , /[j? (lj J..&v -;..;.-(4:< t ,- ~ J;_,./. On back.-- 2md9-10,ill. f~. ~- SJ_ J R:E.(· VMJ ,.lJ)., //;~~. r c~. Qii,. ,(~-:. ~ eAf ~ ~ Selected Cooking Recipes. Medical Notebook. Illus. of Snares. ~r~g~~~o IN A CLASS BY ITSELF No Strings -No Buttons Just pull the tip across the top and it locks tight. For sale at a ll first-class Cigar Stores. If your dea ler cannot supply you send $1.25 for most popu l ar size. Fully guaranteed. F. S. Mil!. Co. Inc. Gloversville. N.Y. Pipe-cleaners (knitting needle and cotton). del. THE , DITTY BAG By P. C. Kangeiser T HE ditty bag, categorically speaking, a repair kit, solves the problem to ove rcome all emergencies. It has its place in my duffle or pack sack, and I never go without it ; it has everything -inside of it fo r repairs or in fact any emergency, whether it is the gun, camera or fi shing t ackle out of order, tent torn, shirt or t rousers torn when making your way t hrough a patch of scrub oaks or briars, a pants button off, a button will be found in the di tty bag, as well as a n eed~e and thread to sew it on.. A few nails are des ired to hang up the skillet to keep Mr. skunk f rom waking you up during the n ight, when he is trying with all his might to claw a hole through the bot tom of the skillet, to get more grease; or p e r~ haps there are trade rats, especially wher. in the mountains, he will trade even 'up if he has a chance, at least that is his way of doing it, by r eplacing your sack with a bit of wood or a pebble, the ditty bag will supply the necessary material to protect your things. One of the dogs may get a shot of porky quill s, the little pliers out of the di tty bag will do the t rick in pulling 'em out. I N the illustration is shown all the n eces~ sary tools that will pull you out of a tight place; to the left is shown the ditty bag proper, it is a large purse with two compartments, all the tools shown except the pocket knife nest into one compartment; the other compartment contains miscellaneous material such as carbide lamp burner tips, buttons, pins, shoe tacks, hob nails, split and copper rivet s, hooks and eyes, safety pins, thumb tacks, extra collar buttons, copper wire, small wood screws, assorted nails, swivels, sinkers, guides, tips, tacks, mendit washers for leaky canvas buckets, etc. ; ten yards No. 18 linen fish line, to be used for various purposes; it often happens that a hunter fi nds a pond t eeming with fi sh; he can improvise a line from the ditty bag and a fly taken from in side of his hat band, and the line is ready for getting meat in the pot. THE knife ·shown at the right is an a rmy and navy knife and is a good all round pocket companion, al so a ready accessory to the tools in the ditty bag; the knife shows comparative size of the other implements, it has one blade, a large screw driver, an awl, cork screw, can opener, and a cork lifter; the tools in the ditty bag are in the following order: Commencing at the left 'of the ditty bag, a 3/ 16-inch gimlet drill for wood or iron, double end reamer, small screw driver, small file, round file, flat file with chisel at end, one scissors, pliers with wire cutter and tack puller in end of handle; between the handles of the pliers is shown a container for extra flashlight bulbs, this container is made from a SO-caliber cartridge and a pull off cover made from a smaller cartridge ; to the right of the pliers is shown a tool holder with knurled chuck for holding the dritl, the reamer, screwdriver or files, sewing kit with white and black thread and an assortment of needles inside of spool, oil can for gun oil. This constitutes the entire equipment, and when these a re packed in the bag it will form a package five inches long, th ree inches wide and. average thickness of one and a quarter inch~s . OTHER accessories not illustrated which are necessary to work in confunction with th is kit: I use a camp axe for a hammer, the axe is also provided with notch for pulling nails, and if necessity demands a rule I carry in my note book a small transparent celluloid five-inch rul e, this comes in handy for taking measurements of the trophies for taxidermists ; I also have the in side edge of the fore-arm on my r ifl e g raduated into inches for this same purpose. To keep the axe and knives sharp a small whetstone is tucked away in a small pocket sewed to the back side of the hunting knife scabbard, this places it where it belongs and is always accessible. This littl e equipment when taken al o n ~ on trips means absolute preparedn ess, and its presenc'e will not be noticed as to weight, and it contains no sup erfluou~ material ; it was assembled as necessity demanded it. ,..,1 ,., r:lrcd.L~. ~·-~~4-~ ~~4tci"'-"' ~ ''~.]· 2., ers d back Just t1'Y • ' welg • ;~ 8~~eee n~~ entirelY. satisfied. ._ Most Complete Kit (1) Sanilary Wash Rae. (The pocket containing the wash rag r:.ms full length of "COMFY KIT" and can be used to carry handkerchiefs, etc.) (2) F~U card medium silo Safely Pins. (3) One complete Durham Dup ex Safety Razor. (4) Rubber-Sol Collapsible Shaving Brush in Special Metal Case. (5) Can of Williams' Talcum Powder with patented Safety top. (6) Williams' Shaving Slick, In metal ease handsomely Diekelp! aled and polished. (7) Six inch flexible non-breakable Comb. (8) High crade ebony finish Mill· tary Hair Brush. (9) Large can ''Nalhan Fool-Ease. • A superior antiseptic foot powder. On The Market Non-breakable 3 x 4 inch Pol- (10) isbed Steel Mirror. A handy assorlmonl of extra (11) Buttona. Darning Colion and Darning (12) Needl es. A superior Toolh Brush, llex- (13) ible handle, with Special Sa.ni-lary Tooth Brush Guard. Williams' ToolhPasloinhandy (14) collapsible lube. One Emergency Caso of Zinc- (15) Oxide Adhesive Plaster. Sewinr Outfit, consisting of (16) two spools or cotton with easy-thread needles, thimble and pins. (All put up in compact metal carrying case.) Handsome Aluminum Soap (17) Box, full size, holds luge cake of soap. Exira Poekol lor Slalionery,(18) Penclla, Post-C&rds, Letters, e~.. and Pockets for extra Razor Bladoa. The Nathan "Comfykit" is Price Complete, $5.00 The articles contained in the made of a durable olive drab, Nathan " Comfy kit" are of two-ply auto cloth and is guar- Size when opened 227l! x 9 inches the finest quality-the stand-anteed to stand the hardest Size when closed 9 X 5 X 2%: inches ard products of leading manu-and most racking wear. Weight Complete 24 ounces facturers. If Not at Yo.ur Dealer' a We Will Send Po•t·paid on Receipt of Price NATHAN NOVELTY MFG. CO., Dept. "C," 88 Reade St., New York City de. TOILET KITS. See also fs.Soap. C,35. Breck, 56 . .4t4tvt4 ric-,- 2-n'l fl.. .Shaving Cream.-- lka3 . Toilet Paper.-- Wilson, 852. del. GOING very light, most campers carry soap; yet it seems that, for one reason or another, it is rarely if ever mentioned. There is a word to be said about it, however. White soap is easy to be seen at night and, as most of the white soaps float, they are to be preferred to other kinds for camp use. Often the cake of soap · is thrown into the canoe, where it runs riot at large, gumming up everything in sight. The added drops of water from a passing shower produce slippery footing and assorted expletives. The celluloid or the hard rubber soap box is not suited to campers, not only because it has to be handled like an egg, but because it is always larger than the soap. The metal box, though less easily smashed, is made to fit special toilet soaps, which is a great disadvantage. A soap bag is easily made from a piece of canvas of suitable length and sides sewed up, after which this small bag, or envelope, was turned right side out. A metal suspender button was sewed on the front and a button hole made in the flap. In use this soap container has proved its worth over and over again. It will take the largest size cake of soap and is never larger than the soap happens .to be. Its cost is but a few cents and you can sit.on it and walk on it with pleasure. When you have used the soap you place it on the flap of the bag, not on the sand, and, after rinsing, it is not necessary to tou.ch the soap. Just pick up the ~ng by t he flap and the button, dump Good to keep fish bright.-.- Breck, 260. 10 the soap and throw the bag anywhere among your duffie. Again, should the soap bag be forgotten and left out in the rain all night, there will be some soap left and no mess of it over the ground. THE CRAVEN FOLDING HAIR BRUSH with Comb and Mirror. Sufficiently compact to slip into a business man's pocket, a lady's hand bag, a sportsman's or athlete's hip pocket-out of t he way, yet iu· stantly available. Neatly patterned and beaut if ully finished. Size, 41,4 x 21,4 x 1,4 in. Sent by mail. Price, $1.00. fl, fl.~&- .f.23~J~~ lver Johnson Sporting Goods Co. 141 Scofltssue'lowels · .. Use like a Blotter" ESE Towels have solv.e? theprqblem of the traditional unsanitary rotary or public towel, by providing a new, clean towel for every user at every wash. They remove the moisture instantly from face and hands, and leaves the skin dry smooth and soft. "C" Fixture Made from clean wood-pulp ; are snowwhite and packed in individual cartons, to protect from dust and dirt. 150 Towels in each roll, 35 cents 5 Rolls and Style C F ixture .... $2.00 "C" Fixt ures .............. 25c Each (Style C fixture Is a nickeled hanger, not hooded, neat and serviceable.) 6 Rolls and Style BW F ixtur~. $3.00 "B W" Fixtures . .. ....... $1.00 Each (B. W. fixture is white enamel, hooded, and with tension device to prevent waste of towels.) 6 Rolls (without fixtures) ...... $2.00 "BW" Fixture SCOTT TOURIST'S PACKAGE The handy package for business or pleasure trips Does away with the unpleasantness of th.e unsightly, dis&'usting ly dirty fabric or roller towel when stopping at the ways1de hotel or lodgmg house. Just what YOU need for that next trip. Each envelope contains: 6 •·ScotTissue" Towels I Scott " Sani-Komb" 1 Drinking Cup I White Wash-Cloth 1 Portion of Soap I pocket packet "Sani-Tissue" Price 10 cents $1 a dozen df . FIRST AID KITS.-- dEDICINES (Individual) . df1. See also u • MEDICAL KITS . C,32. Lavisse,135. D.Wa l lace, 21. Breck,44, 410. Nessmuk,148 . B.S.H., 362,ill. ~,2SS: ~~ ~~ G o , ~l.L2 ~TH- (~~~FP·.<7JS- '7, :.a- . Burroughs-Welcome Cat. , .46, 59, ill. tJKt?-'.2t71 a/"~ 1ka4. 2be29. 2~ ,~~-fm.,t~~ ,:l.J - '1- :l'l4../-!l.- .M., ... U., 6. i-3cr • , ~~- ,TAtlfi'. Glove fingers for cots.-- Breck,47. -~~· -- .2.k..3. Zinc Oxide Adhesive ?laster-- ma J;iuse~~ CC,1 5 -1 6 # u..J.I....~~ ~--~ ...... . ~~"' · ~etdi:- -;n""!J -e· ~:·t:J,q.,J-'<-P,~£:3.#· ~-, : v~ .--L,t'!.tl'ltJ· . 1ka4. -(3~~,3C'6. ~ .. , Tu ~- \-..:t..t.... . .kt. q:c; dl c h ·'·1 ·~· ..l, l . 1i ......,._, il {. R, 7:].-~ ~--- -:..r.- /1'. ~- ~,!~3, /S'S'; ~~~~~~·-- ~--~----~~~~~ Scalpel with folding Every hunter and camper should know the use of th ~ triangular bandage in case of cut, blades.-- Sharp & Smith,167 • bruise, sprain or broken bone. Few men know Splinter Forceps, " 294 . the great value of this simple fir st aid adjunct. Operating Scissors, 11 186 . and the rules for its use are not easily found in print. T he standard t riangular bandage is made of muslin thirty-six inches on each side. A piece of cloth one yard ·square makes two bandages by cutting the cloth diagonall'y. But in case of an emergency a handkerchief or a pi ece torn from th e shirt will answer the purpose. Knowledge of how to tie a triangular bandage is not to be gained by reading; you should go 'to a hospital or a house and pay for a lesson. ..( o.d-; U;.£,/ .J . . . . ----------~ ~ Burrows Welcome Auto Medical kit, with Mich-al 's suture clamps to sew wounds instead of using needles, one-half oz. tincture iodine to use on wounds, hypodermic, Z. 0. adhesive plaster (very useful to prevent sore feet if shoes rub and useful always in case of accident), one oz. aspirin, one-half oz. Dovers powders, (-.Td..vA :'D~,M.7J.1 ;;....,. (}v.t;Jt{, oot~J/3;) SURGEON'S adhesive tape, already pretty well est ablished in the canoeist 's outfit, is highly recommended for emergency repairs on canvas and bark canoes. It is averred by those who have been forced to try it that, so long as the tape holds out, it is possible to cover any tear in the canoe's skin water-tight by laying on this sticky fabric and "ironing" it fast with a hot knife, spoon, or stone. ~~ ~{1 1 /l.f . Ointment .-- The most useful all-round salve is camphorated vaseline . A good rubi facient for s prains, bruises, rheumatism, etc. one of Besides , it isAthe best of rust- preventives for steel. (See pml .) e.-A,_~ - - 2rndu, Unbreakable bottles may be made of stoppered joints of bamboo. ~, .... lJc.3/ :1~· ~~·-fiu. 'I'Y\/f"=3- 3 0031 ~2.50. Red Cross medicine case In b lack seal leather, containing ftve bottles each 2_!1: inches high, a bsorbent gauze pads, mustard, court and adhesive plaster, gauze bandage. salve jar, safety pins and scissors. -- 'iJ;;;,..i;J·r~rr&., ~~ R • .J. ~A. "F. 2./ ~"1· A FIRST AID KIT By "A Reader" One of the problems of the man who wants to go light but right in the woods is his first aid kit. There are as many kinds of kits as there are ills and accidmts, but there is only one ideal kit for t he man going light, and that must be light small and compact, and still be able to t~ke care of any accident that might happen him or any sickness he is sub-ject to. . I have a kit which I always carry wtth me no ·matter how light I am travelling, I which I think comes pretty near to being the ideal kit for going light. It contains l all the essentials and still is small eno.ugh r to go into one's coat pocket and wetghs but seven ounces. The box itself consists of a square seamless "Arcadia" tobacco can about 3y,(inch by 3y,(-inch by 1}'8-inch with a hinged cover the corners are pressed round leav" I ing ~o sharp edges, w~ich makes it .a tconvenient box for packmg. Th~ box ts f lined with cloth glued to the stdes and bottom which prevents rattfe and insures against breaking. The box is packed in two layers, in the bottom layer are five small glass bottles about 2y,( inches long and Y,-inch. in diameter, plainly labelled and containing the following things: Bichloride of mer• cury tablets for cleansing wounds, soda mint tablets for sour stomach, heartburn, ivy poison ing, etc.; quini11e for malaria, etc., laxative and safety pins and two tubes, one containing unguentine for burns, bruises insect bites, sunburn, etc., and the other ~aseline for wounds. This com· pletes the bottom layer and uses up all the space. In the upper layer is one roll of absorbent cotton, one bottl ~ of co11odion three rolls of lY,-inch antiseptic gau;e bandage one roll of adhesive plas· ter, and on to~ of the whole thing a . small pair of surgical scissors about 3y,( mches long. The diagrams below plainly show the manner in which the kit is packed. This completes the case; it is easily made and the enti re thing costs less than $1.75 which is cheap insurance against accidents and one need not worry if he has a kit' of this description tucked away in his pack or pocket. Medical Preparedness (21) AN emergency kit measuring 4:li x 5 x 1Ys inches is a small thing to carry, but it may prove to be a very big thing to have. A man may go into the woods year after year without having occasion for medical treat· ment, but when the unexpected happens-be it burn or bite, cut or cramps-he needs it in the worst way and he . is lucky indeed if he has formed the emergency kit habit. During an outdoor experience covering mor.e years than I care to think about I have religiously packed some sort of a medical outfit and have had to use it only twice, but on those two occasions the need was imperative. The Stearns Emergency case illustrated herewith is particularly compact and comprehensive. In the neat pocket-sized box are contained eighteen feet of zYz inch gauze bandage, surgeon's plaster, court plaster, absorbent cotton, a vial of antiseptic dusting powder for open wounds, a tube of mustard ointment, and one of analgesic cream, toothache plugs, and eye wash contained in a very handy combination bottle and dropper, and tablets for cold, indigestion, headache, cramps, diarrhoea, and constipation. With this combination, covering, as it does, the most common complaints to wh.i ch the outdoo.r man 1s a prey, one IS pretty well prepared for any emergency. Directions for the use of each remedy are printed on the con· tainers, and in addition to this a booklet describing the treat· ment in detail is en· closed in the box. Any or all of the articles contained in the case may be replenished at any drug store at small cost and the entire outfit costs only $x.so. Something for anything that may happen to you (Continued on page 522) df2. fOUR. POUNDS OfF '(OUR BACK. holds up the trousers. Not at all; it rests fairly low on the hips and can be removed in an instant when resting. Notice in the sketches that the stuff is ·more or less fixed in position on the belt so that it doesn't slide off when the belt 'is removed. Also notice that nothing is carried in front. This allows the necessary freedom for doubling over, climbing, jumping, etc. LIGHTENING YOUR PACK By Dwight Fran.klin Have you ever been bitten 'by the go-light N essmuk bug? · . I have 'had a bad attack resulting from said bite for the last twelve years and my comrades of the open have · pronounced my case incurable. Even at that I have never been able to get my kit much lighter than old Nesmuk's, which weighed sixteen pounds. This year I hit on a new kink which takes fou r pounds or so .. off my back where it feels heavy and 'puts it' at' the waist, where it· is unnoticed. · Povcu The belt is a good, husky U. S. Marine belt about three inches wide, made of three pieces of stout leather with a ring on either side. These rings are useful for snapping on the canteen and tin cup. The wooden toggle which holds the cup is tied to the belt ring, passes through the cup handle and then through the ring. This is better than having it fasten to the cup, where it is a nuisance and will get burned when you set the cup by the fire. The axe goes on the left side next to the canteen. I rarely use the axe, however, on short trips, as I carry no tent, and firewood is easily broken up. At the back goes the vest-pocket kodak in a case converted from an army cartridge box, lined with suede leather with room for In my pack I carry only the duffle used two extra rolls at the bottom placed end for sleeping and cooking, which includes s leeping bag, grub, cook kit, toilet kit and spare clothes. At the hips go the. :l\ axe (when I carry it), canteen, kodak, cup, knife and emergency pouch. All of ,these latter articles may be needed dur- ···"' A>E ing the day, but the pack remains, ttn, opened until bivouac time. · ) ~~.:'~· This idea is, I think, an improvement over carrying everything on the back. The, army pack is on the same principle. ;, .. • Remember that thi s stuff which is ·toted to end. This whole kodak outfit weighs but a pound; it is out of the way, but always handy when you want it and is an improvement over the ordinary sling arrangement, which I consider a nuisance. On the right side goes the emergency pouch, with its fly dope, compass, fishhooks, flasher, string and other useful trifles which may be needed on the trail. The sheath knife is between pouch and belt. This knife is a converted butcher knife with five-inch blade. Any lunch which I may want to nibble on goes in one of the shirt pockets and ge11er_~ts. ~ ~!-¥- -6i"1•t.-t:A.. ~~ rw--"X.<~ )-t'i~ ~·:t. ;f. Jr:.,i,t-.J. ;j-;f{ ""''-v "'!2ij-lnJ • -6.:.;_ "'J ..«U- !.;-~ _.;Jc ~ ~. ~ ~ ~ r r~J~ .ttxt;-J ~~~c~J~~ a-~ - ~J, -l4. tt:r~, ct.-rl ~ ~. ~~ 4 · ~ -tf=k ...;._ ~ -" ~ ~ a4 k.-.. a-...a1f.<- tWa..~, ~~ ..:n-~~:.-r~ ... ~~( ttz-~~~ 1-~t ~CAM-~ -Ce-~ ~~~,.,;& ..... ~1-~· ~Mi.., a..~+ ~ ..& ~ 1.-~ ,;tk 1ft:~ Ak- lt;;:t:;- ~~~a..~ ""- ttr~ ~ ~- " C.:Jt. ~ ~.t 1.-v r .d., }<;lcii, .~t2.s-:; ''.A~""'!.<~ ,,.., ~. mfk ~ 1 ~ ~. ,.....L~4rf _Jt:r~-&d;a4- k-~-.l..~. ~ ~~ ,_.l~~~}A4U.~ ¥-~"":"~I~ ~~) ~ a. _.w.:t- i _,w/.3' ak..g 1ft ~ "f Itt£_ ..Gea4, ~ ~' ..u-1 U (i) ::::r l'l' - · p} n .., ~ -;:;. PJ - PJ ::;· PJ PJ Cb PJ o rt c:n· H ::;· cr ::r c - · ::::3 (D (t) ~ t:: ~ ~ o.. g ~ o ::::r ;::. ::r'" ~ rt ~ (1) fJ) g. r:n ::::r ::::.; ::r ~ :::.; ~ ;i ~ ::r Cll ul 9-: ;:+' '(;' ,..,. aq ::::r ::L ~ (tl aq rn ;:: o.. ::r ::r ,... g. II> ;:;· - o ('1) ::S ::r> .., ('1) • ::r "' "' o.. '< ('1) "' 0 - "' ,... 3 3 :+! n ~ :;: o o ~ ~ 0.. ::r .g 0.. (> -· £l ('1) rt 5' .0 0.. aq ::::n - 0 ~ ~ PJ ::::r PJ Ul -·,..,.. '""'" PJ PJ 0 PJ 0 ("D :!". t-K ::::r,..,. -·,..,. .., 0.. $l) ;::::;:- 0.. if g "'1£. §_. & £l ~II> ~ g.~- ::r::.: ~~ 8 g-3 0 ~ ~ '0 ~ ~ g_ ::r 0"" ~ ~ ~ ~~ >!>- 0 II> :~· & 2 2.:- §. £l 0.. 0 ~ Vl • ::;.· ~ ('1) (1) ......... ~ ~.., ::z-. o ........ (f) 3.. $l) c ('!) ;;:. o ~ .., :::. ~ PJ (1) n g en· ~ ::r r:::r ::s .., ~ =:::-: o..;. o.. :J . '""" ::r Ul ('1) toO 0 rt ::::3 .., :l ......... .., PJ .., ~ (;" ('I) "C) .g ::::3 -· (") Ul Pl 0 "0 ~ .., ::r" .....,.. ~ Pl ';:S u;· . < rt ::::r II> >- "' .,., ;:;: (> ..,3 ::r g. ~ g aq rt ~ ::! rt ~ .., ;;;· ::r ('1) aq '0 ,... ;.;-- '0 o 3 ::! '0 8 -· o.. ~ II> ::r ciQ "' aq p; II> £l ::r ~ 'V ::r ::_. PJ ~ <: St> ;:s ::J "0- "' 0 .... 0"' ~ n Ci1 ..
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Library and Museum Collections
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Please browse the more than 8000 knit- and crochet-related treasures in the CKC Collections Resource <a href="http://digital.centerforknitandcrochet.org/collections/show/1">Museum and Library Collections</a> (drawn from <a href="https://dp.la/info/developers/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Digital Public Library of America</a>). CKC is seeking new partner organizations to share their collections of knitting and crochet with visitors to this resource. Contact us at <a href="mailto:collections@centerforknitandcrochet.org">collections@centerforknitandcrochet.org</a> for more information about participating. <br /><br /><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/11Hb_Y75HnhkCE5i4mKpcTlB8Msp_lB0XUtQr5S8XXKA/edit?usp=sharing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Learn more about criteria for Share Your Treasures.</a>
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linkto:001:http://cdm17228.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/ohc/id/580
thumb:001:http://cdm17228.contentdm.oclc.org/utils/getthumbnail/collection/ohc/id/580
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Library and Museum Collections
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An account of the resource
Please browse the more than 8000 knit- and crochet-related treasures in the CKC Collections Resource <a href="http://digital.centerforknitandcrochet.org/collections/show/1">Museum and Library Collections</a> (drawn from <a href="https://dp.la/info/developers/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Digital Public Library of America</a>). CKC is seeking new partner organizations to share their collections of knitting and crochet with visitors to this resource. Contact us at <a href="mailto:collections@centerforknitandcrochet.org">collections@centerforknitandcrochet.org</a> for more information about participating. <br /><br /><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/11Hb_Y75HnhkCE5i4mKpcTlB8Msp_lB0XUtQr5S8XXKA/edit?usp=sharing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Learn more about criteria for Share Your Treasures.</a>
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Between 1914 and the late 1960s, the Champion Fibre Company published an internal newsletter, called The Log, to share news about the Canton mill, the community, and its employees. After 1940, news from the entire “Champion Family,” which included mills in Hamilton, Ohio; Houston, Texas and Sandersville, Georgia, was featured in each issue.
• ' ' • '· • ' •' • ' ' . ' r • . ' • ' -.· \ , • • ' ' 1 l I j l T H E L 0 li IN THIS ISSUE ;Jax Tltomp-.on o f (..:fJampion ' Canto 1 Divj-;ion i. one of the ve ry J 'w men in the nation cv r to win the cove ted c() l'l ''lTSSioua l l\1 •d a l of Holl()l [()r "exceptional military valour" in r.nrnbat. F()f Gwen lol , 11 J'lcmmon ·' .swry abmn .Max an· I hi :) famiJ y, urn to l;age 11. To maintain its lcade r'lhiJ in the papcnnak ing in· dustry, Champion continues to develop newer and nwre effi ien t rltcthods of operation. One f th late· t innovat ions i.s the mechanization of woods op ~rat i on lllroughout the Charupion forests around Hunt ville, 1 exa . Since last ta ll, Helen Bierwirth, LOG corrc: ·pnndent at Huntsville, .has been gather-ing d e tail on tbe pro•rre s o( this work. For th is i ·sue sh e turn Jd out the eHel ~e n r story, pages 20-22, enLitled, "Mechanical Paul Bunyan : · Calvin Ba Uard and C. Y. Townie ar credited "~· i L h ' an ass1sL. 1. he photographs, incid nta11y, arc Baflan.L. * * * * Are you in tJ1e market for some crow' egg ,? lf you are, see -Ernest Messer's column, page 13. for con rplctc information -and for a slory about one of Champion' largest famili es. * * * * For folks who like his 1 enetrating philosophy of the farm, \'\Tes Cobb spin another good yarn this m nth. Page 4 ... 'nuff said. The Champion Paper and Fibre Company Gener.a/ Offices HAMILTON, OHIO Mills at HAMILTON, OHIO HOUSTON, TEXAS CANTON, NORTH CAROLINA SANOERSVI LLE. GEORGIA Editor. STEWART JONES Editorial Advisors, R. B. ROBERTSON, JR., D. J. THOMSON, CAL SKILLMAN Editor Emeritus, G. W. PHILLIPS HAMilTON- Divisional Editor, Ray Garrett HOUSTON- Divisional Editor, Vern Delaplain Henry Alexander, Gordon Andes. Wesley Coull, Bud Dullhq,>, Hugh Kirkpatrick, Ken Moore, Jack l\·Jullen , 1argaret Q ·. borne, Helen Pierson, Dorothy Pugh, Ruth Raquet , Otto Reid , ftiui. Schne ider, _. org · ~ t ei H ' r , Hil.l 'J ho111p 011. .He len Bi rwirth, SHm E ll is, Jad. Fi:her, Fred F urne s, Sam G ~•r I. Norma lla ker, Lucille H·•rris., Ph • IIi ~ K etchum, Qt:t· ll &:tndcrs. · CANTON- Divisional fd.itc>r, James Deaton SPECIAL REPORTERS I' .111 C <~ig, The Pi lot Report r G lad s 1::. Hodges. Sanders\ ille R . D. Col man, Jr., Fr d ])a} ton , 'lui (>tine Jk:tll.'l , lred Ferguw11 . R:1lph C.ofor£1) , Clyde R . Hv y, Jr .. P · lptc:i H lwdl. Ff e r, 'flru :'\a11ne). G 11cvi H' i'atiOJh, Rc,l e 1l Pall r.son , Bob Pllilli.p ·, Gw, ud!JI , t1 Pl c nltlHlti S, K.u.l eri1t l'lctnll!Oth, Cn1 PieHl, J. E. Sla11gh1.t' 1, SL;lltl.n 'inlith , {; . C. Suttle . ] . E. Willia lli 'IO II . \\' sJ }' Cobb, Wh:u' 1ew On The J;11nt1 VOL XXXH \Juti I Al.len , e11er:d O(fi· · < ( ' 0 U R C 0 V E R PICTURE Thi original painting puwav lnd pt: nd e n c ~ Hall . l'hiladclphia, ene of the pro lamalit)Il nl dr D ·la ra tion of In l.ep ·nden ce. A full < >lor wp, of lhi~ p::tinting wilhout tl1e name, Th OG, and Lhc dat · . .J t.dy, lU-19, ma,' h obtaine(l b ' writing 1h G 11 raJ Public Rebtiom Offi . The Champion P~1pe1 and F.i.b1 Company, Hatoillon, Ohio. JULY 1949 1 NO. 7 I ~u~r" ' ; ( "' J I lt 4 q • TilE I ... OG (!~ GOES PLACEs~~ AT HOME, Champion youngsters en•joy rea d ing The LOG as much as mo.m and pop. Here Joe Etta , Billy, and Morris Bryant, chi·ldren of Mr. and Mrs. Roy Bryant of the Houston D·iv ision find an artide that inte rests them. I . , • • IN TH.E OFFICE J . E. Re.ister, executiv vice-president of t~e Haywood County Bank, on Can+on, takes tome out to look ove r The LOG woth Mr$. Tom Hyi!Tt, gene.ra l ba nk clerk. ' 1 ' ...,.-,.,._. / ACROSS THE FENCE, Mrs. Walter G eisle r, wife of Walter of Hamilton's Inspection Department, offers her LOG to a new neighbor, Mrs. William Davidson. Mrs. Geisle r had kept every issue until a few years ago, when she broke her collection to provide the LOG editorial office ,with file copies. To AN AIRFIELD in Britain, a large paper mill i1 Au.tral ia, a vice-president's office in South Afri·ca - and to thousands of home , offices and fa ctories tltrot:ghout tbe United States, each mouth The LOG carries n e,. about Cham_pion. Though pubhshed primarily for\ Champion workers and their families, the magazine also provide. int resting reading for n eighbors, local civic lcader f), magazine and newspaper editors, customers, fores ters, and b usincssrn en .in the many fields re lated to paperniakin g. The LOG'S monthly circula tion o[ nearly 9,000 CO(.HCS go s to 41 staLes ancl 11 (ore igJ? countl- ie:;. LOG readers are con scrva1 Jvcly e tnnated to nurnL·er more than 30,000 pcrs ns. ON THE STREET attractive Krome. kate cover, caught the attention of white-~loved doorman at the Kin.g Edward Hotel, Toronto, during an editors' meeling . Taxis tooted and bagg11ge piled up while he scan.ned fhe pages. ACROSS T H E D E S K, Hamilton Journal -New$ display adver+i5ing personnel - Ru sse ll C~:~mmin s, Wayne Jerden, Phyllis Konrad and Earl Bur<;~ ess-- loo~ at the new LOG. I FR,OM THE EDITOilS ) ) Independence Day Nineteen Forty., Nine By G. W. Phi llifJs The m , t momentou event in the history of the Unite l tates of A~nerica occurred July 4th, one-hunched and seyenty-thr e ·ears ago, when the representati es of the thirteen truggling colonies passed a resolution in Congre s proclairning our independence from the Mother Country, Great Britain , and ab olving us hom all aile iance to th.e British Crown, thus becoming free to li\'e a life of our ovm choosing. As a resul t, America has beeR · transformed within a few years frorn a vast wildeme s into the riche t and most powerful nation on the o-lobe today- a leader among the nations of the euth. · . Those were dark day· for the little handful of coLonists- hostile Indians to contend with; land to cleat and prepare for cultivation; houses, church es, schools and manufactur1ng plants to erec t; h ighways and railroads to b~ b uilt au l ~ranspo:rtat ion facilities to b provided. D1sease was WicLesprcad throughout the colonies and poverty attra ted little at~ention. There were practically no amusements and busrness was transacted largely by ~xchange of: ~me _commodity for another. Yet, through 1t all t he sp1nt o£ the colomsts ne er wavensd . The population increas d ra1 idly, the wilderne -s began to di sappear, pro&p rity ap.y 'arcd in th d istance and the sava.~e Indians were ddven far ther and fanher into the unexplored wildern ess o·f the west. . Jndust_rics were estalJli sh cd, tlv people w nt to work wrlh a wtll, and the New '"' orld, t.h Unite 1 States of Am.crica, began to assume its prop ·r i lac an1on - the natron.s. It is hard for the people >f Arll rica . li vin g- in th ~i~lst of pl n ty a.nd enjoying t11c highest s t.Tr;,d ttrcl of h ·mg of any p opJ ·, to visu a liz on r-his [nd ·p cndcnc, Day what a transfor n1ation ha s tak n pta , sin e "' oHr for fathers fi rs t land d on LJli • ron tin flt. 9f cour (her is some po r•rl , still pr ·scm , 'btrt the natron as a whol h as th ~ grea tc:sf <•h h o f :tny nation in the world. And instead of sm ll v illa ~re · , the · · nit ·d States has not only the larg £t cil in th wnrld - N ·w York, b1tt mor -· than JOO ·iti s wi th a pnpu lacim' pf more th, n 100,000 each. \1Ve ·a .l o bav Hpprox imal ·ly 22r,OOU m;:m,Lfactt ll'lJlg plants, . mploying Jnillions of "o kers. Railroads cover the nation (rom ast to '\:V st, anrl lJ ()rtb to south, with a gr 'at n · t'"1or·k of t I rail . Suppi mc.nting railroads are more than r::oo,ooo m'il ·s. of ha.Hl- 11r£aced. higlnvay f(Jr the con venience of r:.ru k-;. bus s an i more than bO,OOO.OOO pas· nger ·ar. Tran ·• p ortation 'Ly plane i:, more comn1on toda in Jlle ica, tJJan th ·stagecoach of t.h ei""ltt 'nth cenwr . Th . omfoTts and r,onvcui ence: of )i\'ing arc within rl1e gra:;p of the m 1 rat ly itt.1at · d a ,..,, 11 a the l\' alt.hy. Tb s · arc som of tl1 thin s t1nnks to fr <) - > en r rv isc. th _ Anwriorn people enjn, toda ·-the onehundred tOtJ h tbc Board o f EducrtinH · hy · ] . :\ etiv i11 commonity affnirs for"' n t~mh r of cars, Dick i. tl rorrncr C!)lllHllSsicOncr of the Y.c:nt Hamilton ('(Jll (,cil { the noy .Scouts, and pre cn tl y i. llle leaing exercises early in June . • HOUSTON REACHES I ,000 MARK. Ronald McKenney signs on the dotted li4'1e end the HolJSfon Division reaches the I ,000 employees marl. I. D. Wells, assistant mif.l manager, at left, and Mike Koury, industrial reiations ma nager, !oo~ on. The Housto11 Division has grown from 404 employees in De-Gembe r, 1938, to 853 in December, 1947, and 902 in December, 194 8. By lVes Cobb The screen door b anged shut and \Ve recognized the loud, _ hearty voice of Cou sin Ed. '\Ne hadn' t .5een him for years a lthough we knew that he was now a successfu I contractor in a thriving New York town . He had stopped by to see us before he drove back home. He ducked h is head through the doorway, rushed across the room almost before we could get to our feet, pumped our hand in a viselike grip, and began talking in his rapid, confident way. A 1 i ttle older, yes, and we noted tb lines creeping round his eyes and the frown v. rinkle th ~H had made a permanent home for itseH; ye t th ese. details were obscured in tJ1e picn.ITC o{ a strapping man of acUon in the prime of hjs life. He protested the chait ·whi ch Dad wav d toward him , saying .be 1 ad men working on fum· d iffer nl jo bs ·md. must o;oon b on h.i !'l way. H e compromised by s.iuing on the arm of th · co L1 ch , stv ingiug on' l •K 11c rvomly . F ift en minut later , with a boornrng: "Take ·are u l' yourself, \\Tcs," h · was gon and th · s r en door ba~ag;cd shut again. It was as thmJ gh. a giant be hild be.,,, bu u ing through 1 h how, h Cor ~ find ing its fre dom and rushing headlong jn1n th op '' air. \-ve turced to Dad rtml said, ' 'o11siJ1 ;Jld i~ t hr ·qm as er. A lways in a burr ." Dad smi.Jed and thougbtfvlly $trok ·d tlw Cfw lwt d Riec of n ~cia li s t~ to pot ltim back on his f · t. h , 1 tt <,on ta. irPd no " I I old y.ou ·o 's.'' Th · was mer l · the 4u ict dal m nt, "I think 0 usin Ed will ha. <: to low dowJ ." ~ e thii'IK of th ~·e thing witl HlJfC or h:! · ol a uilty to ns ·i ·nee. Th ·r arc 111'('>rc tim ,.., Ll an we care tQ n.:. member that we Gn I o rrs 1ve<> caught ln thi am . whirl· pooling ta ·e with T I f£. i\ gain and again ,..,,e hav· sympathized with the philosophy, "Too rnucb to do and too liltl time to do it." · Tbcr i th work at th , mill and th wo k on the place. The house, tl1e yar l, the fen e, the ard ns, the work with the dog. , and the wuntl ss Jittl job as-socia ted with them. We find ourselves nettled more rhan we care to admit by the fact that we are alv.'pponunity. as photography is a hobby whid1 requires compelt:I1l instruC[ion and supervision tor lwginntt . Some of the member ' have pent years in the pur uit of photognphy as a Jiobby and th eir expe.rit: tl< e and kno,.,_•Jcdge will be pas-;ed on to the others. Fellcm hip, e. change of idea:, promotion of exhibiLiou -., <-OrHbb, exd a11gc of print~. lectures, demonstration . tour-. anJ photographic courses are o ther objectives of th Champ.ion Shutteruug. The club wi ll also promote the athaucement of photography as a science and 3rt, 3nd endea\-or to imtre ... t more people in photog raphy a a hobb)- Darkroom faci l ities will be provid ed and a mean~ of pr )(.Uring photographic ... u ppli es will be a\ai lable w all < lub mcmbcrs. Withi n the fr.iendly cum pe ti t ion '"''h id1 will he fost crul uy the < I u b I in the 111ea ns of improving th<: tu hnique of <.: \ -r) Jllt'tllb(:r. A piu11rc (Otlle'>t lung witJ1 the Champion Fa111il> Pi e.n ic has been \\'OJ e d (} ll t. Offi(.(.·t-; of the Chatnpi(lll SllliiH'l bugs, who were cl ·ctcd at a Jt:Ccll t nteeting. arc: Harold J oiner, pr<·-; ident; .Jo Rapp. vice-pre id ·n t; .Johu Young, trea~ urcr; \fac Rook.,, 'I('(J'C' lary. ' I h <'rt Wli'!l a total ()I ~!) Jll t lllhc t ~ i11 the lir!-.t < liJ,., and th i., wtal i-. t"-)Jtll ·d 111 i~tcrca '>('. :\-. mo'>t Ilt<:ll with lung t:>. pc.:rit ll< ·in the all o l Jj, i11g a bala11n't ~ and iulo111 ation. RAMSEY WINS G-OLD AWARD AT ANNUAL ART EXHIBIT ew.e'ta.l To J a('k Ra111scy. I.OG ~La lf arti._t, \\'('Ill th<' Gold A\ ';Jrlltd<'nr ol the Ccntlal .\cadent · nl' ComttH.: rcial \/t at g-radual ion <' ·cn·i,c-. .I till<.: :J. J a c k. who l ormcr l ""or ked in th <' H<~tnilton Em p Ioyce Sen·i< C!- S ~< ti ou. It a .., been doing- LOG o\·cr!'> and page layout<, for the past th rce yc a r!'l wh i lc attending school. He i~ the son of 1\1 urray Ra rmcy, of No. I Ma c hin e Room. Thi!'l photograph s h ows Jack's display a t the annual s c h o o I art exhibit. It was this \vork which. won for .h im au almost unantmous first place vote by advertisers and prtnters ·wbo judged 1 he ex hibi t. Two LOG covers, painted by .Ja( k, mav ue seen in the background. *' * * * \ RANDALL IS NAMED TRUSTEE OF PAPERMAKING INSTITUTE H e rb Randall , Champion's vice-president in c harge of Res<.: a rch and Engi- • n e c r 1 n g·, was e lee ted in l\-1 a y to the board of l ·cs of the lmti tutr of Paper I a k i 11 g Ch c nti ~ tr v. App h' 1 on , \Vi ~t . Th e lmt ittllc. a gn~thmt e .,< lwol of Law- 1 CII( C Col lt·ge, is 'Ill ppot L(•d by I he JlCI]' T illdUSll' )' lor advan'-< c 1:H_tun . 1 k c_omplct~d :l:Y ·ars ahva y'> popular ha nq w :t ev ·n l. following tbe din ncr hour, .B LLrt \ \ 'interha lter opened bri e[re ogi1 ition cer ' nJOn ies, .in whi ·h Ch, mpion pa.id h mor to iL "Champions of harnpion" oJ. th 1948-49 ·port Json. Leo Gei · rand John Zim. mcrman rep resent 'd rua nag rnent in short talk ·. Bol> Conq 1·on pr 'Sent l th · r ' · pccti\' · "Chnmpions" with trot h.ie an.d n tcd ·:tl s. , yrnbolic nf th · , · a ri ~ HI S laur ·Is won. Si Burick, nat i nc lly (anw:u . p )l·fs ligur ·. d c l i, ·c n~ 1 Lll . c ,·cnint>· · pri11 ipal cl dn . -:. ;\ n Ganln •r g:1\'C the inYn ·aciott. FOU RTH ESTATERS- John Heinz, Journal-News; Ray Motley , WMOH; Bill Moeller, Journai-Ne•ws; Si Burid:, Dayton Daily News, principal &peaker; Fra nlc Thomp son, Champion Employee Services; and Bill McDulin, WMOH. E.A.A. BOARD FIGURES- Howard Lipscomb, Garland Mun1, Charles "Cap" Stubbs .and Bob Compton.. Lipscomb nd Stubbs are representati¥·es to the Hamilton and General Offices Employees' Activities Association Board of Control , sponsoring th-e banquet. Hamilton • • GEORGE YOUNG, Green Wave softball and basketball satellite, accepts his sports trophy. Both George and lorraine House were chosen in a poll of Hamilton and General Office Champions. THE BOB-O-LINKS- Joe Fisher, Noble Minnich, George Ferguson and Vince Laud.erman- sang " Barber Shop" for the large gathering. The la tter two are both well-known in Champion song circles. AMONG THOSE ACCLAIMED were Herrick Poelen, Men·~ Golf Re prese nta tive to the E.AA. Board, Edgar Wiseman, Mrs. Wiseman and Louie Robinson. Herrick and Edgar won acclaim in men's golf an.d Louie took down high honors in tennis play. A "PRIZE" for "The Little Man Who Wasn 't There ," is held by Merle Johnson, secretary of men's bowling activities, and Burt Winterhalter, who took the toastmaster role ~t th~ banquet . ... SOME OF "THE BOYS''- Lew Bri c kner, Lee Doellman, Adrian Brunner, Nid Massare ll i, Howard Pyl es, Don Cenaa n and iony M nzer. Mas>ere lfi won a trophy for ' 'outstanding" golfing ac hievemen:f, 7 • The Houston Division shows customers why Champion products are superior in order to .,bring home the ' paycheck." A ,·1 1c TSSFliT. i\ lr\NUFACT R E.R on sa icl : ' 'Th re are l"WO I hases in developi ng a nourishing bu ine ··: l) i\faking a UJ erior 1 roclun, and (2) Convinci ng the customer your 1 rod1.1Ct is 1 t. •• harnpion know the quality of their produ .L G uing it ao-os · to the cu stom er i · ano ther matter. ·without ale ', ChatTtpion's fin e production rc ord would mean nothing. Sa1e · mean money. i\loney m ans paychecks. One of the best ways of impress ing the c u~tomer w'itl1 tlte quality of a product is to le t him see the care wi th whi h it is made. ·when number 25 Paper Machine went into production; the Houston D ivi sion se ized the oppoTlunity to how o[l' their p lant. Shown here is the process of cr eating a large group of ·' atisfiecl customers." ' MO RE CHAMPION TALK i$ hea rd by the customer, Bo Watkins, at ri ght, as Homer Lalimer (l eft) and Reuben B. Robertso n, Jr., hold a li ve ly discussio n. , , J p REGISTRATION at the Clubhouse. Jeanne Cole an·d Bernece Ha rris t ake care of t·he two custom· e rs at the tab le as Cal Skillman , .assistant d irector of publ ic relations, watches the procedure. A Y C H E C EXPLAINING THE DISPLAY of Champion products are Frank Ahrens, second from left ; Charles Dabne¥, the man with the bow tie ond dark rimmed glasses; and Herb Suter, Jr., wearing the polka dot bow tl . TOURING THE MILL. t his group stands beside a ma chine discussing what t hey have seen, while Glenn Smathers, Houston Division Pulp Mill hlperinter>dent. ce-nter, listens in on the conversatio n, 5 • -- I N •. A WARM WELCO ME is extended to ,R. R. Mos·er, Sr., gen.eral sales manager of t he Carpellter Pape-r Company, by Champion's Herb Suter, Jr. T H E A SATISFIED SMILES h eam on t he faces of Hre t'hrtle customers siftin-g t-o the fef't of Dwight Thort~-son, vice- pcres id e nt. 9 -- BEFORE THE DINNER, Herb Suter, Jr. , Champion's general sales manager, addressed the guests as Reuben Robertson, Sr., president of the company, W. R. Crute, and Hubert Foster listen .. K I G HOUSTON'S Fl RST CHAMPION, W. R. Crute (righ t ) gets across a point to Genera l W. G. Heavey; port director for the Houston Port Commission. ' ' ) ARRIVING BY BUS, the first group of visitors pauses f.or a picture before entering the Club House. \ -L • THESE LADIES handled advance arrangements. Seated, left to right: Mrs. J. Frank Pate, Mrs. Elwood Ebie, Miss Jewell Graves, Mrs. Harmon Moore, Mrs. J . M. Alexander, Mrs. J. R. Westmoreland, Mrs. Garvin Cole. Standing: Mrs. Noah Swafford, Mrs. Harold Hanse n, Mrs. Bob Anton, Mrs. Logan White, 0 0 D T Mrs. Herschel Keener, Mrs. J . B. Mo.rford, Mrs. J . L. Reeves, Mrs. Clyde R. Hoey, J r.~ Mrs. A .P. Cline, M'rs ~ J. C. McGee, Mrs. L. H. Hartshorn, Mrs. C. E. Mclain, Mrs. Clark Dickerman, Mrs. R. W. Schofl. Mrs. H. A. Helder. Th is commiftee had p lans re:a.dy when the h>loodmobi'le arrived . 0 s A v E Seventy-one persons 0£ Canton and Sl.llTounding commm.J.it , m.an , o£ whom are members of the Champion Family, responded to the appeal for " blood tO ave liv s" when. the · bloodmobile from the ree; ionOod program is shown in this photograph taken in Cham.pion "Y" gymnasium· iust before operations started. L I v s FlRST TO GIVE B-LOOD were Mrs. J. R. WeshM•reland and Carlton Peyton, ef t'he Acco-unting Department. Mrs. J. Bruce Merford, volun- Canton ANXIOUS DONORS await their physical check-ups in above photograph. Many of the workers and donors can be readily identified. · ieer as~istant, is at the extreme left, while Or. Marga ret Burn~, Ashe· v-Ille, supervises the procedure and observes the blood flow at center . • ' • ! 1 • MRS. L H. HARTSHORN, wife of Larry Hartshorn, Bookmitl Machine Area, and Clar~ Dic~erman, of Paper Inspecti-on, gave blood dur ing the afternoon. Both were edive rn p romotir.g pla ns for the arrival of bloodmobile. DONORS REFRE.SHED themselves aHer giving their blood . Th is canteen was location o·f refreshments. Left to right : Lee Matthews ( bad to camera), Mrs. Dick Scholl, Mrs. Elwood Ebie, Mrs. Hartshorn, Mrs. Westmoreland and Mrs. J. H. Duckett. nasium by a team oJ technicians, nurses and physician fr m the regjonal center in Ash eville. The firsr donors appeared on chedule at ? o'clock and from then until nearly 6 o'clock a steady stream - of volunteers registered, were given a phys ical d1cck-up, gaye th eir blood, a nd enjoyed refreshm nts ervcd in the canteen. A large grou p of local women, who had volun t creel th ~ir servic s, as 1s ted .in the operation of the tc:m porary collection cen Ler by performi n :s: the many non-technical tasks. No time has been lost in putting the Yoluntccr blood to work to save li ves. The Jirst deli,·ery of bloocl to the Haywood County .Hospital ·wa made the clay follm" ing the visit of the bloodm hil . A second visit of the bloodnJobi lc to C::mton on Ju ne 30 also met vvith succe . . T his program will ·continu to be carried · ou t from time to time during t·h.c year. BLOOD COLLECTED in Canton is d e li vered to Hayw-0od Cou nfy Hospital, Waynesvi lle. wi+hin 24 hours Left to rig ht: Le.e Davis, hospita l administrator; Dr. Tom Stringfield , ®ld est member of surgkel staff< receiving blood from W. H. Kidd, di·rec l·or of t he reg,io na l ce nter, Ashe vil le. Mrs. Ell en Freeman, suF"erinte nd nt of nur$.e~ . looks o n. B L 0 0 D TO SAVE l 12 • THE OFFIC IAl PARTY - Mr. a nd Mrs. Elme r Newkirk, Mr. and The Reverend Pay Le Meadows, and Mr. and Mrs. Bob Hac ke r. Elmer introduced Revere nd Meadows, pri nc ipa l spe.ake·r at the banquet. Bo b is the supervisor bod y's energe- tic preside nt. • AT THE C LOSE of t he e ve ning, supervisors stop a t t·he hat c heck booth. Th e d inn er is one time ea ch yea r when supervisors , wives and guest$ can get toget her in the tr ue spi;it of Champio n. u tn SUPERVIS ORS SlX O 'F A KIND - Orvi.lle Tabo r, J a,mes Wet , McKinl-ey Powelll Bill Stephenson, Bob Crawfo- rd and G ovan B.egley qet a chuck le f rom a ." s-to r-y'' p~io~ to the. b11nquet dinner_. _Six of a k.ind , they are re g ular attendees a t Supe rvasor Assocaataon fundaons. The assocaataon number-s 1 -8~ members, an all -t ime high. ELKS' CLUBHOUSE, showing a portion of the picturesque Clubhouse and the ouHyi~g golf course. 'Some 250 supe rvise rs and gu ests asse mbled here to e njoy the second a-nnu-al supe rv i-sors ' d inn e r meet ing . H igh on a hill top, the location and general ·u r ro undi ngs of the Elk's Country Clu b are ideaL The £i r:.t glimpse on the scene extends promise of fr iendliness and gaye ty within. Inside the Clubhouse, it is near perfect for a celebra tion such as ~ h e Han'l il ton a nd Gen eral Offi ces Champ ion super visors' and g·pests d inner meetmg. As one gaz about the large as-semblage of Champions a feeling of cordiali ty and the tru e spirit of a u n ited p eople comes w mind. It's the sp ir.it that gives Champion and Ch ampions a proud p osition in the paper making fi eld - h igh on a h ill top. FLOWERS FOR THE LADIES- Bob Hacker, pre siden,t of the Superv iso rs' Associatio n, preS'ents flowers to one of the lady g11es ts. Many such door prizes were g iven out. I • HousloH • • Q NE •. H UNDRED TE "dt tor f rnachincry ' probed, listened, and th n insp cted the l'llC h ;tu i ·d produ t · of th ir imagination thrmwh ut the H uston Division of t e hampion P a per and Fibre Company. After on, id r ing their [i nuings gravely' they pronoun eel the pati nt a fine, growing youngtcr v,;it11 a h ealthy aptitude for making fine paper. The "doctors" were membe1·s of the American Society of Tool Engineers, gu ests of Champion and Division Manager \IV. R . STUDYING BOOKLETS describing the process they have seen engrossed engineers {left) after dinner . PRO £D Crut durinJ May [or a guided tOur tltrough th mill and dinner of Virginia bak d ham a t lhe Clubhou:lc alter the Lour. t: Ann Sullivan, cafeteria managbr; Edna Turman; J ean Braxton ; Callire Witherington ; a111d Jerry Smith. 14 THIS PHOTO shows many of the approximately 200 persons attending Canton Champion's "Y" annual dinner meeting in May. L U .P\VARDS OF 2 0 perons jnteres tecl in Y. M. C. A. . :tetivitics enjoyed lhe at=lnual Champion Y. M. C. _A.'s dinner 1neering here duriJ.1g May. · Principal speaker "'as Dr. George D. H eaton; pastor of the l\rlyer Park Bapt.i t Church, Charlotte, and one of the leading orators of the southland. His subject was ·'The \1\lonh of the Y. M. C. A. to the Community." Louis E. Gate ·, Canton Champion's assistant chief ' • • ,, • EA D E R s M E E T \ chemist and recently re-elected presiden t of Champion "Y," presided, and gave a report on ·local "Y" activities. A detailed account of "Y" work during the past year and propos~ls fo~ the coming year were presented to the guests m wntten form by G. C. Suttles, general secre tary. Gen~ N~ahnke, of Canton Charnpion's engineering staff, hrghhghted the entertainment with violin solos with Mrs. ]. Frank Pate at t11e piano. GENE MA HNK~. of Champion's en.gineerirtg staH, p,layed several selectio'fl.S on the violin wjf,h Mrs. J . Frank P9te accompanying at fhe p ii!no in furnishing. musical enter· DR. GEORGE HEATON, Charlotte, held t he atte ntion of guests for more than 40 minu~es as he d'elivered principal address of the evening. LOU IS E. GATtS, "Y" presiden~. and as~ista nt chief chemist fo r Canton Champion, presided over the annu·al eanquet. tainment. 15 • OPENING A HUNDRED DOLLAR BILL - Julius Harrison , Store Room, cuts wire tie on a 7·00-pound bale of wiping rags. In good hard cash, the bale rep resents a $100 investment on the pa rt of Champion management - necessa ry for clea nli ness, comfort and safety. NICKELS AND DIMES GO TO WORK- h11est McCorrnich {fe:ftl . Millwrights, requisitions a bundle of wiping rdgs. McCormkh takes only the amount needed to do the job- takes only the necessary nidelsand- dimes worth of rags required. ' ' WORKMAN~ SPARE T H 0 S E RACS I " • ' Everyone has h ea rd a favorite ex pression) "Ther e's Gold in Them Thar Hills." At Hamilton Champion, it m.ight be changed to read, "Th ere's Gold in Them T har Wiping Rags." Of course, nobody has probably bo th er ed to disclose · the tru th that wiping rags are a pre tty costly item. As a matter of fact, the rags now being u sed over the n1ills cos t Champion ma nagcmem someth ing like 15 ceoL a pound . . T hink of tha t, J 5 cen Ls per pound! Considering that Champions u<;c in the neighborh ood of hal£ to three-quarter of a ton of w1pmg rao-s every vveek, it amounts lo an inves tmem of n early 200.00 Going a littl e · furth ~ r, the figure amount , t almo t $10,000 a year - all hgure con · rvat.t"Ye. '1l1is :is an inves tm.en.t of omethiug like .2.00 per employee O\'Cr tb .. e span of one yea r. Now, top and think what would be said o ( e rnp lo ·ees ·who pro ec.ded. lo to:·-; two bu cks here and t.b ·re ar und Hallli lton Champion. J\lost fo lks don 't hav two dollal':> to throw ;rwa in . o ·h a rid iculous ma nn er , and the ·amc g.o s (or Champi n ma nagement, }Tl this very thing i ~ hapr cnin6 e,·cr J d .. ), BUNDLESOME " HAN'KY" - Unexpla ined, ~-o me wor,ers il'f6ist thai wiping rags a re to be ca rri d a'$ handketchreh. Some men have been known, uptln ot.ca~ ion, to use wiping rags for sods. JACKBOOTING THE JACKPOT~ Nickels ond dimes being wasted away: U$ed once, d wiping rag ;s seen here, d is,..a roed on a piece of machin&ry. It 's ea.sy to un i nfe nt i on<~lly jackboot tbe jaelpot. COSTLY ABSORBENT- Oil and grease are hazardeus te t he safe+y o{ Champions, but wiping rags werll never meant as absorbents when sawdust is available. 16 • • days into weeks, weeks into ye.a r , with the improper u e of . w1pmg rags. Th company cannot afford to throw money away, ju t as individual Champion · could never do. Again, ther i a solution to the problem~ just a little common sen e and £air play on the pan of every Champion employee. "MOO LA, '' AIIJKLE DBitP .,._Here is a wiping r,a~g supply box in a typical Mill are-a. Almost as many good, dean rag~ are $eEHI on th~ floor as in the- box .. • a cos-fly pradlce. CASH IN THE TRASH - No Champi on would allow a coin to remain 1n this ga rbage can untou~hed, yet_ +his wiping rag is money, money go1ng to an end without being spe nt soundly. . ' . • TENOERLY AND CAREFI:/LLY- l'his picture Jhows a wrping rag dis:posal C'c\11, where rags are plaud for lavn.dering or final djsposal by burnin.g. Here, used rags have beiin properly treated . Hamilton THE WAY THE DOUGH GOES ...,... Thought· lessly, some fo lks hav& been known lo fake wiping rags off Champion properly. The result is usu a lly as shown here- rags stuffed into the glove compartment of a car. • MONEY IN THE GUTIER To the lower right of this North "B" Street scene, a wiping rag can be seen unnoticed , desorted. No one bothers to pick it up and put it to goad use. Yet thi.s rag is money and va luable, wh en pU '~ to us:e for which it is intended. ' ; • .17 r ! ' DED ICATION CEREMONY took place on ·$tage of Canton ,Highr School auditorium. Front row, left to right: A. J. Jutchirns, J. R. SechFest, Will is Kir kpatrick, K. E. Silv.er, J. E .. , Henderson, Rev. C. W. Kirby, and the -Rev. D. 0 . Mci nn is. Canton school band is shown playing "America," in background. UNDAUNTED BY HEAVY RAIN greai throng lihes Canton High Sehool ath leti-<: fi eld for final p rt of dedica+Jon program. "Girls In Whlte" a re show.n $+andlag b •ide markers where ·they bave plac d wreaths of f l-owers. Honoring the nH.mory of 2 ~) Canton 1'-Iigh School ·tuden .t · who g-tvc their lives ou the (idcl of battle during Worl 'ls du ri ug- tbe cerclllon.y. Cnncrr t:c an l br rue nl BRONZE markers s+ t~ n d a.s lasting tribute to 23 Canton High Scho ol stud ents who lost th eir 11ve$ d uri ng World War II. Uncle John Dotson, a virtua•l Canton landmark ( leH) was last +e le-ave scene of ded ication. Uncle John knew "all the boys pe rsonally.' a - ·ot e - MARKER HONORS THE MEMORY of Pfc. James Ca.rl Kirkpatrick, son of Mr. and Mrs. Willis Kirkpatrick of Canton Champion. ' ' . - • ' memor · of tb.e.c \-·var dead, maoy, of whom had made their lettets on the spacious 10-acre athleti.c field luring their high school areers. \Villis Kirkpa trick , · of Canton Division Management Pl an ning, and cha in nan >f the B ave-rdam district sch ool board, dedi cat ed the stadium and a thl etic fje]d. ' The R ev. · . \V. Kirby. pastor of Can ton Cen tral ·Methodist Clnuch, delivered the me sage of dedica- • tion of brome marke-r- and trees p lanted in honor of the school's wa.r dead. The Canton chool 4-fJ-piece band played two patriotk numbers du ring the p1;0grarn which opened i th high s:chool aud:itari um as a resu 1t of a steady rain 'which felt during the e~:Jt ire program. - Girls of Canton Hi, dressed in s0Jid whi t:e, were flowerbearers and placed wrea ths at the foo t of the ~~> brom markers. T)oy Sc ut abo p layed a part in the Memot.ial Day cerernon y. 1\-larke1·s w r dedica t cl ~o the :memory of the fo llowing war dead: S/ Sgt.. Gilbert H unt Bailie, Fir:>L L\. G orge \ illiams Barne , Cpl. Hoyt Allen Edwar ds, F irst. Lt. J. Fran k Cur tis, P·vr. Lawrence Ens]e ·, J r ., Pfc. Eston E. H olland., Gunners' Mate Lewis 'Gibson , Pfc. Jarnes Carl Ki rkpa trick, 'F-1 / c Carl Jam · · Keylon. Sgt. Gonnon \ 1\T. Robe n s, MM 3/ c Marvin Joe Drake, Sgt. Henry N. Penland, Pv t. Max J. Muse, • Capt. J enn ing :Herbert Mease, First L t. R ex Willard Muse, S '2/ c P te J ohnson Mo(':>re, Pfc. J. "'r. Taylor, ·AS· Ma k Starney, Jr., Cpl. Ralph Renr Robertson, Pvt. Lest r Joseph Tran,tham F irst Lt.. Logan Mil-lard \Vhite, 1/ Ch arles Dupree v~ hjte and First Lt. Paul Sarnu l Glark, THE AR'MED SERVICES pe rformed mili,tary hanors Jbelow) during program on the athle-tic field. \ \ • DIXIE SKID LOADER equ!p·ped truck . W yrnan Hok& hold, one of the paifeh whiah ar pulled u.p the ramp onto the bed by o winch on the tn.l ek, • COMPLETED RICK of lfl slin9 1o~td unih. Marshall Roark is 5hown leanir•g a9oinlt o ~ep•rato~ stick. MARSHALL ROARK 5tands in from· of a ri~!t; which s OWi the method of ricking % sling load units, Houston Woodlands Workers Adopt New Techniques. By Helen Bierwirth Champion ha lon " l>een intere ted in de eloping mechanical method for cuttin . handling and loading the pulpwood u ed in its 1niUs. There are a number of rea -on why 111e hanization is· d ·irable. During war time and oth r labor h rta ..... periods me 'hanizecl method , can incre wood pr luction when m n re not av ilable. \1\foo Is work i - ·tr lltl lll lab r · nd ln•o~ t nothing has b · ~ n done t '"''anl it n1e haniz.alion a om par d with o l her induMri . B n rn ans the least con. i·d ralion, a su c :,.· full ' mcchani;, d job i f q11 nrJ ' a rnor Lfici nt • <)perauon. The 1-(o uston 1 ivi. ion r ·enrl pi ced ll l.Ol'C c1npha:i. on th mcch.anization of wo d · work I y as'> ig ning on· ol rh' \ 'o
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Issue 10.2 of the Review for Religious, 1951.
~:~ - ~, A.M. D, G., ~ Reiciew for Religious St. Jos~ph
s Patronage ......... Francis L Filas ’ Dominican Spirffuality ....... .~ Regknald Hughes Ten÷afive Tes¢incj ~ P¢ogram ....... Sister M. Digna, Peace ......... : .......... Winfrld Herbst Why Do They Leave.’! ..........
. . . Anonymou,s ~uesfions and Answsrs Book Reviews ¢ Summer Sessions Communications VOLUME X NUMbeR~ 2 RI::VII:W FOR RI::LIGIOUS VOLUME X MARCH,, 1951 NUMBER 2 CONTENTS ST. JOSEPH’S PATRONAGE--Francis L Filas, S.J ......5..7 THE FAMILY FOR FAMILIES ............... 66 THE ASSUMPTION .................. 66 OUR CONTRIBUTORS ............. , . 66 DOMINICAN SPIRITUALITY--Very Rev. Reginald Hugl~es, O.P. 67 FRANCES SCHERVIER CAUSE ADVANCES ......7..4. : TENTATIVE TESTING pROGRAM-~Sister M. Digna, ’O.S.B. 75 PEACE--WINFRID HERBST, S.D.S ............ 81 WHY DO THEY LEAVE?--Anony.mous ........... 84 BOOK REVIEWS-- Catholic Social P,rinciples
The Nun~.at her Prie-Dieu
Recruiting for , Christ
.Patrology
Religious Sisters .~ .... ’ ...... 93 BOOK NOTICES .............. ..... 101 BOOK ANNOUNCEMENTS ........
.~. ....... 102 COMMUNICATIONS ° 104 ’ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS-- 7. Term of Office for Local Superior ........... 8. Obligation to Sick Religious under Temporary Vows .... 106 9. Letter to Local Ordinary .............. 107 I0. General Chapte~ and Change in Constitutions " 108 11. Attwater on Apgstoli ~ndulgence ........... 108 12. Indulgence for Reeling Rosary ............ 109 13. Vote on Clerical Religious before Major Orders ......109 14. Vows Reserved to the Holy See ............ 1 I0 SUMMER SESSIONS .................. 111 REPRINTS : SINGLE SETS ................ 112 REVIEW FOR RELIGIOUS,~ March, 1951, Vol. X, No. 2. Published bi-monthly : January, March, May, July, September, and November at the College Press," 606 Harrison Street, Topeka, Kansas, by St. Mary’s College, St. Marys, Kansas, with ecclesiastical approbation. Entered as second class matter January 15, 1942, at the Post Office, Topeka. Kansas, under the act of March 3, 1879. Editorial Board: Adam C. Ellis, S.J., G. Augustine Ellard, S..I., Gerald Kelly, S.J. Editorial Secretary: ,Jerome Breunig, S. 3. Copyright, 1951, by Adam C. Ellis, S.J. Permission is hereby granted for quota-tions of reasonable length, proyided due credit be given this review and the author. Subscription price: 2 dollars a rear. Printed in U. S. A. Before writing to us, pleese consult notice on inside back’cover. S!:. Joseph’s Patronage Francis L. Filas, S.J, ST. JOSEPH’S closeness tO Jesus and Mary gives him~a’degree of dignity and holiness which it is hard to understand. ’However, if we consider his position as Patron of the Universal Cl~urch, we can grasp to some extent the exalted rank God has given him. By studying the greatness of the patronage, we learn the greatness of the patron. , Like every pa.,tron saint, 5oseph receives from God a quasi-right to protect his clients. This precise relation of .patron "saint to client is difficult to express in our language, but the" fact is certain. The patron is like a father toward his charge, and a s~rong note of fatherly love characterizes his watchful care. The Communion of Saints is the bond that unites the Church Triumphant with the Church Militant and the Church Suffering. Due to this bond God grants the saints in heaven a special interces-sory power so that.by their prayers they can further the spiritual and temporal interegts of their brethren on earth. They invoke the merits they gained during their tim~ 6f pilgrimage, and by an act of suppli-cation they present to God~’t’bei}~requests for~th~ir clients, In this we rightly discern a manifestation of:the all-eml~ra~ing love which’Chrlst desires to flourish in His Church. ’:’* Individual saints can freely be chosen as~patrons by anyone. In the case of some, however, it is fitt,ng that,~ttiey spec,ally watch over particular groups of people or types of~enterprises. Ordinarily, this fitness exists because of a circumstance df the saints’ lives or some providential direction of their energies and prayers. Thus, the patrons’ interests are more specific.ally those of ,their clients. Papal Pronouncements on Reason for St. Joseph’s Patronage In the case of St. Joseph his patronage is the logical extension of his duties on earth. Although he was officially declared Patron of the Universal Church by Plus IX in 1870, Pius did not actually create him as such. The Pope. proclaimed what had already been a reality. St. Joseph’s office as Patron of the Ufiiversal Church, a~ well as the dignity belonging to this title, was a corollary of the office and the dignity whichGod bestowed on him in making Joseph the head of the Holy Family. Reoieto for Religio,,s The decree of Pius IX makes this clear. "’Because of this sublime dignity which God conferred on His most faithful servant, the Church has always most highly honored and praised Blessed Joseph next to his spouse, the Virgin Mother of God, and has besought his intercessiob in times of trouble .... Plus IX has therefore declared St. J~oseph~ Patron of the Universal Church.’’1 The same termi-nology of "declaring" the Saint’s patronage occurs in the Pope’s decree of 1871.2 Even more detailed is Quamquam Pturies, the encyclical of Leo XIII concerning devotion to St. Joseph. "There are special reasons," Leo says, "why Blessed Joseph should be explicitly named the Patron of the Church, and why the Church in turn should expect much frdm his patronage and, guardianship. For he indeed was the husband of Mary, and the father, as was supposed, of Jesus Christ. From this arise all his dignity, grace, holiness and glory .... "The divine h~usehold which Joseph governed as with paternal authority contained the beginnings of the new Church. The Virgin most holy is the mother of all Christians, since she is the mother of Jesus and since she gave birth to them on the mount of Calvary amid the indescribable sufferings of the Redeemer. Jesus is, as it were, the firstborn of Christians, who are His brothers by adoption and redemption. "From these cor~siderations we conclude that the Blessed’Patriarch must regard all the multitude of Christians who constitute the Church as confided to hih care in a certain special manner. This is his numberless family scattered throughout all lands, over which he rules with a sort of.paterr~hl" authority, because he is the husband of Mary and the father of J~sus Christ. Thus, it is conformable to rea- .~on and in every way becoming to Blessed Joseph that as once it was his sacred trust to guard with watchful care the family of Nazareth, no matter what befell, so now by virtue of his heavenly patronage he is in turn to protect and to defend the Church of Christ.’’s The Recognition of St. Joseph’s Patronage Its Historq This modern concept of Joseph’s patronage lay hidden and unnoticed for centuries. Probably the first writer to call attention to it was John Gerson, the chancellor of the University of Paris. Gerson proposed St. Joseph’s. guardianship of the Church in a set-lPius IX, Quemadmodum Deus, ASS 6, 193. ZPius IX, lnclgturn Patriarcbam, ASS 6, 324. SLeo XIII, Quamquam Pluries, ASS 22, 65.’ 58 March, 19 51 ST. JOSEPH’S PATRONAGE mon to the. members of the Council of Constance, September 8, I 416. °The sermon had as its purpose the adoption of a feast of the espousal of Joseph and Mary. With deep anxiety the chancellor noted the disastrous results of the great Western Schism of 1378, a wound to the Church which was still unhealed. Gerson asked for al3proval of the feast of the espousal "in order that through the meri~ of Mary and through the intercession of so. great, so powerful, and in h certain way so omnipotent an intercessor with his bride., the Church might be led to her only true and safe lord, the supreme pastor, her spouse in place of Christ.’’4 The suggestion made by Gerson was not acted upon, but once it had been put forth, the idea continued to recur to others. What really began to receive marked emphasis was JoSeph’s part as guardian of the. Holy Family. This contained in germ the concept of Joseph’s further guardianship of Christ’s Churqh. It was next elaborated in the Summa of the Gifts of St. Joseph, a Latin book written by a Dominican, Isidore de :Isolani, in 1522. While depicting the exceptional honors he felt sure would be granted the saint, Isidore heralded the future with this prophecy: "For the honor of His name: God has chosen St. Joseph as head and special patron of the Church Militant.’.’~ The theme, of St. Joseph’s guidanc~ of the Holy Family and of-the Church continued to run tl~kough the devoii3n~’as it flourished up to the middle of the eighteenth century. H~re, in.common with the temporal fortunes of the Church, it suffered a rela13se
but with the reign of Pius IX, a hundred years later, it. aggin surged forward. During the 1860’s, various petitions’from bishops, priests, and the faithful were sent to the’Holy See, *asking for St. Joseph’s full glorification in the liturgy and for the declaration of his patronage of the 13niversal Church. Three special, petitions were presented to the Vatican Council i.n 1869-70. ,It seems that these three were the petitions which immediately led Pius IX to make his declaration on the Feast of the Immaculate Conception in 1870.6 St. Joseph as Patriarch ~ Closely related to Joseph’s title of Patron of the Universal Church is his title of Patriarch. Ordinarily, the name. "patriarch" is reserved for a man who is the father of numerous descendants. The patriarchs 4John Gerson, Sermon of September 8, 1416, Conclusion
Summa Josephina, 213. 5Isidore de Isolani, Summa de donis S. loseph, III, 8. ~For historical details, cf. Film, The Man Nearest to Christ, oh. 9, 10. 59 FRANCIS L. FILAS Review for Religious of the Old Testament deserve the title not only because of their ven-erable fatherhood, but also (in a spiritual sense) because of the Mes-sias who was to be born of their line. They were literally "patri-archs. in preparation," in view of God’s promise of the Savior who was to spring from the Jewish people. St. Joseph was truly the greatest of the patriarchs, understanding the term in this spiritual meaning. Our Lord took human nature of the virginal wife of Joseph, and in this fashion the saint exercised the rights..~of father over Him whose spiritual posterity would embrace all the elect. Leo XIII explains how Joseph’s. position as patriarch is linked with his offke as patron. "Conformably with the Church’s sacred liturgy," the Pope writes in his encyclical on St. Joseph, "the opinion has been held by not a few Fathers of the Church that the ancient Joseph, son of the Patriarch Jaco.b,foreshadowed both in person and in office our own St. Joseph. By his glory he was a prototype of the grandeur of the future’ guardian of the Holy Family. In addition to the circumstances that both men bore the same name--a name by" no means devoid of si~nificance-~’it is well known to you that they resembled each other very closely in other respects as well. "Notable in this regard are the facts that the earlier Joseph re-ceived spec!al favor and b~nevolence from his lord, and that when placed by him as ruler over his houkehold, fortune and prosperity abundantly accrued tO the master’s house because of Joseph .... Thus, in that ancient patriarch we may recognize the distinct image of St. Joseph. As trio. one was prosperous and successful in the domestic concerns of. his lord, and in an exceptional manner was set forth over his whoIe kingdom, so the other, destined to guard the name of Christ, could well be chosen to defend and to protect the Church, which is truly the house of God and the kingdom of God on earth.’’~ ¯ ... In the e.arly 1700’s the Holy See was considering the re-insertion of Joseph’s name into the Litany of the Saints,. from which he seems to have been dropped at some earlier date. In the study of this ques-tion, Cardinal Lambertini (the future Benedict XIV) published a st~orig defe’nce of Joseph’s position as patriarch. He wrote, ~ ’"That St. Joseph can be called Patriarch is proved from the fact that the patriarchs, according to the holy Fathers and both ancient ~nd more recent writers, were those who were the progenitors of the
Leo XIII, Quarnquara Pluries. 6O ..March, 1951 ST. JOSEPH’S PATRONAGE families of the Chosen People. Since, therefore, St. Joseph was the putati~’e father of Christ our Lord, He who is the head of the pre-destined and the elect, the name of patriarch is for this reason rightly and deservedly attributed to St. Joseph, and by- this very name is he a,ddressed by most writers. "St. Joseph was not the natural father of Christ our~L-ord and did not generate Him, but this alone can prove that he was not the father of the faithful by natural generation, as. were the other patri-archs. It doesnot hinder him from being patriarch in a more perfect and more exalted manner according to the "explanation we have already giyen.’’s The Di~nitq and Ef~cacy .’of St. Joseph’s Patrohaqe Joseph’s dignity both as Patriarch and as Patron of the Church is most exalted, for these two titles recognize in,him ar~ excellence that is absent in other men. The wider the extent of his patronage, so much the wider must be its dignity
and since Joseph’s patronage is concerned wiLh the entire Church, he is, reverenced to a degree that is subordinate only to the honor given Mary. The sterling worth of the saint’s office is also measured by the perfection on which it is based. Because he ~cted ast the father of Jesus, his patronage is an extension of his office oia earth. Yet, his role as patroh is not based merely on. a certain fittingness, as is the case of other saints. Instead, his God-g!ven titles of husb~and of Mary and father of Jesus directly place ~the interests of Christ’s Church close to his heart. All this has b~en solemnly con.firme.d by ,official papal decree. The power of Joseph’s intercession appears from his holiness, from his virginal fatherhood, and from his relationship to our Lady-. We know that the effi.cacy of a saint’s intercession depends in general on his love of God and on his glory in heaven. The higher a soul exists in glory, by so much is he more acceptable to Ggd. Joseph’s holiness and glory are considered second only to the holiness and glory of our Lady. Again with the sole exception of Mary, no one except St. Joseph ever had a quasi-authoritative position over Christ. No other saint shared that intimacy with the blessed Mediatrix of all graces which only Mary’s virginal husband possessed. This gives Joseph a tre-mendous intercessory power which the Church has officially reco~- SBenedict XIV, De Beatif. Serv. Dei et Canon, Beat. I. 4, p. 2, c, 20
n. 57. 61 FRANCIS L. FILAS nized. Among other indicative actions it has approved and indul-genced a Memorare in imitation of the same type of prayer addressed to Mary: "Remember O most pure spouse of the Virgin Mary, St. Joseph, my beloved pat~ron, that never has it been heath that anyone invoked thy patronage and sought thy aid without being comforted. Inspired by this confidence, I come to thee and fervently commend myself to thee. O, despise not my petition, dear foster father of our Redeemer, but accep..t i~. graciously. Amen.’’9 The Univ~rsatitg of St. Joseph’s Patronage It would appear that Joseph’s patronage as understood in its full extent embraces all those who owe their.salvation to the redemptive work of Jesus and to the intercession of the Blessed Virgin. The reason is clear. Joseph was chbsen to be virginal father and virginal husband in order that the redemptive work of our Lord in co-operation with Mary might be accomplished. Hence, the saint’s guardianship (which is the outgrowth of his protection of Jesus and our Lady) logically embraces all who participate in the fruits of the Redemption. Meditative consideration of the full meaning of Joseph’s title "reveals still further consequences in another direction. Since the saint is patron of the whole Church, his interests must be more universal than those of othe~ sa.ints. Other patrons concern themselves with one group of persons
Joseph is patron of all.. Resultantly,.writers have amplified his title so that they describe him as universal patron because Patron of the Universal Church. In other words, he is the patron of everyone in every class. Because he was a member of an impoverished family of kings, the story of his life heartens all who suffer financial reverses. Earning his livelihood and supporting his holy charges at the carpenter’s bench, he fittingly leads all who work for a living. In his actions we discover a guiding principle that can often hold true for every employer. He can look to Joseph, who, while supe-rior in authority, recognized that he was inferior in dignity and used his authority with the utmost moderation and prudence. Thus, while on the one hand St. Joseph inspires employers to provide just wages and healthful working conditions, on the other hand his example reminds employees to return fair and industrious service for °Indulg. 500 days, S. P. Ap., Jan. 20, 1933
Encbirid. Indulg. (1950), n. 472. 62 March, 1951 ST, JoSEPH’S PATRONAGE wages received. , ¯ . . Against the purveyors ofthe false ide.ologies of our day, Joseph stands out as the antithesis of racial prejudice and international ha-tred. Himself a Jew, he suffered because of the political dreams of a monarch ’~ho was mad for power at any cost. Welcoming the for-eign Magi and then living in exile in a not too friencl, ly land, he knew the distress caused by prejudice against color and against race, Joseph’s pIace as father in the Holy Family shows a11 fathers how steadfastly they must strive to imitate him in cherishing and educating their children. No husband can ever offer his wife a degree of fidelity and self’sacrifice great.er than thatwhich Joseph offered our Lady.’ Hence, in him we behold the worthy patron of the Chris, tian family. As head bf Nazareth, the first Christian religious community, he exemplifies’ the ideal religious superidr~ the serv’ant of the servants of God. Simultaneously his absolute and unquesti6ning obedience to the messengers of God mark him dut as the mbd~l foe priests and religious.’ When ~he end comes to his iS~riod of. service Joseph di~s in the presehce of Jesus and Mary and is made the.gr.and protecto~ at the hour of death--the friend who le~ds departing souls peacefully to their Judge... " ’ In our own age st. Joseph’s patror
age’of labbr has been particu-larly emphasized~ Closely coupled with thi~ ’~mphasis was the new honor grfinted him in 1937 by Plus XI. ’At ~hat tlm~ ’£he Pope dec!.ared him the patron of the Church’s campaign again.st atheistic communism, for"he ~belgngs to the work~ing-clas~, and he bor~ th~ burdens of i~6verty for himself and the Holy Family, whose tender and vigilant hea’d he was.’’~° Universal Patron--Papal Pronouncements ¯ We possess sound Church authority for, claiming St. Joseph as the universal patron of the Church. The encyclical, of..Leo XIII, after tracing the saint’s present office to his earlier,vocation on earth, continues, "This is the reason why the faithful of al! places and con-ditions commend and confide themselves to the guardianship of Blessed Joseph.. In Joseph fathers of families have an eminent model of patern~l care.and providence. Married couples’ find in him the perfec.t image, 6f love., harmony, and conjugal loyalty. Virgins can look to him for their pattern and as the guardian of virginal integ-rity. " " ¯ ~0Pius XI, Dioini Redemptoris, AAS 29, 106. FRANCIS L. FILAS Review for Religious ’"With the picture of Joseph set before them, those of noble lineage can learn to preserve their dignity even under adverse circtim-stances. Let the wealt,hy understand what goods they should chiefly seek and earnestly amass, while with no less special right the needy, the In, borers, and all possessed of merely modest means should fly to his protection and learn to imitate him.’’11 The Pope’s.Briet~ on the Holy Family is entirely devoted to the subject of family life, placing Joseph with Mary and Jesus as a family exemplar.12 In the words of Benedict XV, "Since Joseph (whose death took place in the presence of Jesus and Mary) is justly regarded as the most efficacious protector of the dying, it is our purpose here to lay a special injunction on Our Venerable Brethren that they assist in every possible manner those pious associations.which have been insti-tuted to obtain the intercession of St. Joseph for the dying.’’1~ The Litany of St. Joseph The shortest official summary of the Saint’s patronage is found in the Litany of St. Joseph, approved by Plus X in 1909. This Litany expands
as it were, Leo XlII’s earlier catalogue of.Joseph’s clients --"all the faithful of all places and conditions." The action of Plus X in sanctioning the Litany of St. Joseph for use in public services gave Josei~h one of his most exclusive honors. Only four other litanies have been granted this rare and signal approval: the Litanies of the Sacred Heart and of the Holy Name of Jesus, the Blessed Virgin!s Litany of Loreto, and the Litany of the Saints (with its" two’ adaptations for Holy Saturday and the Vigil of Pentecost, and for the commendation of a departing soul). The use of a litany as a form of prayer dates from the very earli-est days of the Church. The word itself comes from the Greek term, lissamai, "I pray," Probably Psalm 135 is the prototype on which the first Christians modeled their primitive litanies: "Praise the Lo~rd, for He is good
for His mercy endureth forever." Here, after every statement of the Psalmist, the phrase is repeated, "for His mercy endureth forever." This repetition of the same prayer has passed over into our mod-ern litanies. When addressing God we beg, "Have mercy on us"
when petitioning a saint’s intercession, we say, "Pray for us." In. this manner, God or our Lady (and in the present instance, St. Jo-l~- Leo XIII, Quaraquam Pturies. 12Leo XIII, Neminem Fugit, Decr. No. 3777, CSR. l:~Benedict XV, Bonura Sane, AAS 12, 313. 64 Ma~h, 1951 ST. JOsEPH’S PATRONAGE seph) can be honored under different titles but always with the same petition. There is. a very interesting feature about the Litany of St. Jo-seph. Unlike the older litanies which spontaneously grew out of separate and more or less unrelated invocations this Litaoy was com-posed according to a rigid grouping. Seven tides depict the role that Joseph played on earth: Two concern his royal ancestry in preparation for the Messias: "’Illustrio~ts descendant of David"
"’Light of patriarchs"
Two, his relationship to Mary: "’Spouse of the Mother of God"
"’Chaste guardian of the Virgin"
Two, his relationship to Jesus: "’Foster father of the Son of God’
¯ ’ "’Watchful defender of Christ"
and finally, one’ title as "’Head of the Hotg Famitg."" In the second group of invocations, six llst Joseph’s special vir-tues: justice, chastity, prudence, valour, obedience, and faith. In the final division of eleven titles, four address him as ex-emplar: "’Mirror of patience"
... "’Lover of povert~t"
~.,.. "’Model of workmen"
"’Ornament of familg life"
and seven invoke him as a protecting patron: "’Guardian of Virgins"
"’Safeguard of families"
"’Consolation of the poor"
"’Hope of the sick"
"’Patron of the dgin9"
"’Terror of demons"
and "’Protector of Holg Church." For the final word on the patronage of St. Joseph, probably no tribute to the saint’s widespread and powerful friendship will ever surpass the words of St. Teresa of Avila, long become classic: "It seems that to ’other saints our Lord has given power to help 65 FRANCIS L. FILAS:" " us.in only one kind’of: necessity
but this glorious saint, I know by my own experience, assists us in all kinds of necessities .... I only request, for the love bf God., that. whoever will not belie~ve me will test the truth of what I say, forhe will see by experience how great a blessing it is to’recommend oneself to this glorious Patriarch and to be devout to him .... Whoever wants a rnas~ei to instruct him how to pray, let him chobse tl~is glorious saint for his guide, and he will hot lose his way:’’14 " ’ THE FAMILY FOR FAMILIES One of the first of.the Catholic pocketbooks (50 centsL to be issued by the Lumen Books (P.O. Box 3386, Chicago 54, I11.) is a reprint of The Family for Families, by Francis L. Filas, S.J. In this behind-the-scenes story of the Holy Fam-ily at home Father F, ilhs, a’Ibioneer in the Cana Conference movement in the De-troit area. shows mode~
n husbands,and ~vives how they can share the happiness.and inspiration of the Nazareth home. Father Filas, also the author of Tbe Man Near-est Christ, is giving a cours,e at .Loyola University, Chica.go, on the theology of St. Joseph (cf..p.age 111)’ " ¯
THE ASSUMPTION Pope Pius xII, on Octob’e~- 31, 1950, in connection with the formal definition, decreed that the invocation, Qr}een assumed into hedven, ¯should be added to the Litany of Loretto after the iti:cocation "Queen concei~d without original sin." He also approved a new Mass which is to replace the Mass formerly said on the Feast of the Assumption. .. , .. . ¯ our cONTRIBUTORS REGINALD HUGHES is .pr!or at S’t. Peter Martyr Priory, Winona, Minnesota, and professor of philosophy] and religion at the College.of St. Teresa. WINFRID HERBST, author and retrea.t master, is on the faculty of the Salvatorian Seminary, St. Nazianz, Wisconsin. SISYER M. DIGNA is professor"of psychology at the Col-lege of’ St. Schq~astica,, Duluth, Minesota.. FRANCIS .L. ,FII~A$, the author of The Man Nearest Christ, is teach, lug at Loyola University, Ch!cago. Illinois. ¯ 14T~resa of Avila, Autobiooraphg, c. 6, n. 1 1. 66 Dominican Spirit:u lit:y Reginald Hughes, O.Po, UST beca’use they were men, the Apostles differed in tempera-ment and char.acter, peter was impetuous and quick
Paul, fi~ery and brilliant
John, loving and gentle. More than this, they were entrusted with distinct missions. Hence ’we cannot be ’surprised that the founders of religious orders, those wh6 took the apostolic band as their inspiration, manifested distinctive character-istics. St. Benedict consecrated his sons in a special way to the choral recitation of the Divine Office. The childreh of St. Francis find the secret of their spiritual Father in his seraphic poverty. St. Ignatius instituted a militia which united prudence and versatility to zeal for God’s greater glory. St. Dominic was inspired to form an order of preachers and teac~hers, a closely knit organization dedicated to the diffusion of Divine ’.Truth. ¯ Our Lord Himself revealed this .fact to St. Catherine of Siena when He told her: ’~’Thy Father, Dominic, desired that his brethren have no other thought than the salvation of souls by the light of knowledge. It is this light that ~he wished to make tl~e principal object of his. order, to extirpate the errors existing in his day." Truth, then, contemplated and preached, is the ideal of the Order of St.Dominic. How faithful the early disciples of Dominic were to’this ideal We learn from the Vicars of Christ. In 1216, Pope Honorius III approved them as "champions of. the Faith and l!ghts of the world." POpe Alexander IV recommended them in 1257 as "men steeped in the divine science, powerf.ul preachers." In 1266, Pope Clement IV could laud their order as the "Guardian of T
uth." Not only that, but these decades, penetrated with the spirit of Dominic himself, produced in his order the friar who became the incarnation in his life and w~rks of the idefil which his’spiritual Father had envisaged. "See the glorious Thomas. Wldat a none intelligence, wholly applied to the contemplation of my Truth. There he found supernatural and infused knowledge, and this grace he obtained more by his prayers than by study." It would seem obvious that an investigation of the principles of Dominican life and spirituality would fittingly begin with an inter- 67 REGINALD HUGHES Review/or Religious rogation of the Angelic Doctor and his writings. Therein must be found those cardinal principles which have inspired the spiritual children of Domin’ic Guzman for more than seventy decades
We shall not be disapl~ointed in our search if we turn to the Summa Theologica, Thomas’ masterpiece of Christian thinking. As a primary and fundamental principle Thomas would seem to advocate the fullest development of one’s natural faculties. God has created us for His honor and glory, and to help us fulfill this mission He has endowed us with wonderful natural powers and properties: a spiritual soul, with an intellect, will, imagination and memory
a b.ody, with the physical ability of achievi.ng our earthly destiny. Each one of these gifts of Almighty God has within itself the capability of being developed to a certain degree of perfection that we call natural. Our duty is to develop all these natural powers, however not of ourselves nor for ourselves, but with God and for God alone. He has given us all that we have of goodness
He alone preserves us in the very existence we enjoy. The realization of this principle is witnessed in a grand phalanx of preachers,.: theologians, scripture scholars, canon lawyers, mystics, ascetics, philosophers, s~ientists, medical doctors, historians, painters, sculptors, miniaturists, architects, artists, engineers, litterateurs, poets, and simple, humble souls who have taken their inspiration from St. Dominic and placedtheir own distinctive mite and talents where they might best serve God’s glory. But Thomas would remind us, when we have discovered all that nature in its very perfection can do, we must realize that it is as nothing in comparison, with the life of grace, the supernatural life of the soul, to which life God has raised us. This supernatural order surpasses the powers and exigencies of every created nature---even that of the most perfect angel. God could keep on creating angels more and more.perfect, yet never by their natural powers alone could they attain to the least degree of grace, There is simply no compari-son between created natur.e, actual or possible, and the Divine Na-ture, of which grace is a real and formal participation. By nature God gives us gratuitously to ourselves
by grace He" gives Himself gratuitously to us. Thus nature and grace are as distinct from each other as we are from God--infinitely. The just soul is "a partaker of the Divine Nature" insofar as it has within itself the radical prin-ciple of supernatural life, the life of God. St. Thomas tells us that 68 March, 1951 DOMINICAN SPIRITUALITY. the sanctifying grace of a single soul is of more value than all the natural good of the universe, m.’9(~ than all created or possible angelic natures combined. " -:" We can hardly conceive ~( higher idea of the order of grace. Neither can we’ admit that thei’e is in us the least germ of this super-natural life. It is absolutely and entirely "the free gift of Almighty God. We have, it is true,, the purely passive capacity of being raised to the supernatural life. .This capacity, however, is no greater in the most perfect angel than in the humblest Christian soul. o And if the latter die with a degree of grace equal to that of the most perfect angel, she will see God as perfectly as that angel does. Such are some of the notions of the Angelic Doctor with regard to the order of grace and the supernatural. Our Faith teaches us that we are destined to this supernatural life. Grace is but the commence-ment of it, the seed of our eternal happiness. The effects of grace, he says, are the healing 6f the soul, wounded by sin, original or actual
the incentive to good desires
the effective operation .of these desires
final perseverance and eternal happiness. Grace unites us to God in charity, supernaturalizes every good action, elevates and perfects us as creatures of an infinitely superior world. The necessity of grace is such that without it we canfiot love God above all things, we cannot fulfill all the precepts of the natural law, we cannot abstain from all mortal sins and we dannot persevere in a good life until death. This teaching of Dominican spirituality thus. emphasizes our complete dependence upon the grace of God~ Are we then reduced to mere machines? No. We have free wills and God saves no man who has not the dksire to be saved. But He does command us to pray, to ask for His. grace and assistance, to beseech Him to bless us with those good gifts which He has determined to bestow only when we ask for them.° By prayer we recognizd God as the sole Author of all good and we realize that we have nothing of ourselves but sin. Thom
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Issue 51.4 of the Review for Religious, July/August 1992.
for religi.ous Christian Heritages and Contemporary Living JULY-AUGUST 1992 ¯-VOLUME 51 ¯ NUMBER 4 Review for Religious (ISSN 0034-639X) is published bi-monthly at Saint Louis University by the Jesuits of the Missouri Province. Editorial Office: 3601 Lindell Boulevard ¯ St. Louis, Missouri 63108-3393. Telephone: 314-535-3048 ¯ FAX: 314-535-0601 Manuscripts, books for review, and correspondence with the editor: Review for Religious ¯ 3601 Lindell Boulevard ° St. Louis, Missouri 63108-3393. Correspondence about the Canonical Counsel department: Elizabeth McDonough OP ¯ 5001 Eastern Avenue ¯ P.O. Box 29260 Washington~ D.C. 20017. POSTMASTER Send address changes to Review for Religious ° P.O. Box 6070 ° Duluth, MN 55806. Second-class postage paid at St. Louis, Missouri, and additional offices. SUBSCRIPTION RATES Single copy $5 includes surface mailing costs. One-year subscription $15 plus mailing costs. Two-year subscription $28 plus mailing costs. See inside back cover for more subscription information and mailing costs. ©1992 Review for Religious for religious Editor Associate Editors Canonical Counsel Editor Assistant Editors Advisory Board David L. Fleming SJ Philip C. Fischer SJ Michael G. Harter SJ Elizabeth McDonough OP Jean Read Mary Ann Foppe Mary Margaret Johanning SSND Iris Ann Ledden SSND Edmundo Rodriguez SJ Se~in Sammon FMS Wendy Wright PhD Suzanne Zuercher OSB Christian Heritages and Contemporary Living JULY-AUGUST 1992 ¯ VOLUME 51 ¯ NUMBER 4 contents evangelizing and witnessing ° 486 Church of the Poor Juan Ram6n Moreno sJ reflects on the implications of seeing the poor as central for the identity of the church and religious life. 496 Women Missioners amidst Violence Annmarie Sanders IHM reflects the questions, fears, and chal-lenges facing foreign women missionaries in Peru. 504 School of Terror Roy Bourgeois MM speaks on behalf of the poor as he voices his concern about a particular military training camp called the School of the Americas. inculturating 508 Women Religious and the African Synod M. Gerard Nwagwu offers her thoughts on the evangelization of Africa in an article originally presented as the keynote address at the National Day of Celebration of the Nigerian Conference of Women Religious in January 1992. 519 Rerooting Religious Life in South Africa Jennifer Mary Alt OP reflects on how native African spiritual values might become better integrated into the religious-life vocation. 527 54O 545 living religiously Religious Life and Religion Albert DiIanni SM calls attention to the religious core of a belief in God and of our relationship with God which cannot be reduced to a personal~ social, or ecological morality. Detachment in Our Psychological Age Eileen P. O’Hea CSJ explains detachment as a way of freeing ourselves from our compulsive behaviors and opening ourselves to God’s healing. An Ache in My Heart Bernard Seif SMC witnesses to the continuing call and direction of God in bringing forth new forms of dedicated life in the " church. 482 Review Jbr Religious focusing religious life 550 Religious Life in Church Documents Patricia F. Walter OP presents some aspects identifying religious life in conciliar and postconciliar documents of the magisterium. 562 The Ignatian Charism of the Sisters of St. Joseph Joan L. Roccasalvo CSJ shows how the Spiritual Exercises per-meate Jean-Pierre M~daille’s Maxims of Perfection and so fire an Ignatian spirit for the Sisters of St. Joseph. 575 Envisioning Associate Identity Rose Marie Jasinski CBS reflects on the status of the associate movement in the light of the second national conference held 5-7 May 1991. 581 Musings about Vocations James E. Claffey CM finds vocation ministry a stimulant to a broader understanding of how God breaks into our history. 585 595 600 614 484 625 632 ministering Pastoral Leadership beyond the Managerial (XL*~ Matthias Neuman OSB stresses the role of spiritual leadership in the midst of ministry challenges. Scarcity and Abundance in Parishes Thomas P. Sweetser SJ compares the parish to a desert of scarci-ties, but at the same time a desert beautiful with hidden wells of life. Marian Community and Ministry Patrick Primeaux SM combines data from both the theological and businessomanage.ment disciplines to distinguish a Petrine and a Marian way of ministering and of living community. Three Images of Priesthood Henry J. Charles proposes the images of priest as collaborator, mystagogue, and holy man for a renewed understanding of priesthood. departments Prisms /~ Canonical Counsel: Involuntary Ex~laustration Book Reviews .l~uly-Augu.ct 1992 483 prisms History happens. We human beings can write our history books and, by emphasis and omission and sometimes by romanticizing, make as if we are mas-ters of our history. It may take only some seventy years for the rewriting of the Communist history of Russia or it may take five hundred years for the European discovery of the Americas to be reevaluated. But it happens. We say that Pope John XXIII made history when he called the Second Vatican Council. We are well aware that the church experienced, through the actions of the bishops present at the council, something that has been likened to a second Pentecost. For our own availability to the God of history, we need to return again and again to the happening of that first Pentecost and the subsequent events as recorded in the Acts of the Apostles. God’s Spirit makes things happen, even when the very persons involved seem so little capable of being the crafters of history. Most recently Pope John Paul II has expressed his own desire to make history by his call for a new evangelization, partic-ularly occasioned by our entering into the third millen-nium. This call to a new evangelization holds the promise of another moment of this second Pentecost that came with Vatican II. It is history happening, in which none of us is the master or control-artist, but every one of us plays an important role--with the Spirit’s direction. Evangelization--new evangelization--demands much of us all. A paradigm of evangelization and inculturation captures our attention anew as we reflect upon the events in the Acts of the Apostles. It means that no one can hold himself or herself exempt from the call of this second moment of the second Pentecostqthe call to a new hear- 484 Review for Religious ing of good news. This is not the time for new rules or the impo-sition of old ones--the Judaizers tried that two thousand years ago. It is the time for Cornelius, his wife, and household to invite Peter once again to proclaim the gospel so that new conversion on everyone’s part can take place. It is the time for Peter to dream new dreams and hear God telling him that old restrictions do not apply in a new creation moment. One of the deepest meanings of Pentecost lies in the fact that all peoples heard the good news in a way that they could under-stand and respond to. It goes beyond the language barrier to breakthroughs involving customs, heritages, and rituals. In the Pentecost beginnings, Jesus Christ and the gospel message needed no inculturation. In the new evangelization as in the original one recorded in the Acts of the Apostles, it is not Jesus Christ who needs to be inculturated
he is already a confidant of people’s hearts. It is his church that must be inculturated by being evan-gelized anew as well as by evangelizing others. The Acts of the Apostles--the story of the first evangelizing time--portrays the exhilarating and somber picture that inculturating a church does not come without cost--a cost which everyone must bear in lis-tening to ~hocking good news, in experiencing a certain amount of turmoil, in suffering the pain of differences expressed vigorously by people who serve or are served. John Paul II has said that "we need an evangelization that is new in its ardor, new in its method, new in its expressions." That ’ is what we--always the disciples--must allow to happen to our-selves first: to be evangelized anew in order to be the new evan-gelizers. We need to rethink how to inculturate a church, not a gospel. If the original Jewish and pagan converts to the new Christian faith seemed to share little common religious heritage and ritual and yet, with struggle, came to form the Body of Christ, can we today not recognize the imperative of a new evangelization demanding the same kind of breakthrough for traditionalists, lib-erals, feminists, or whatever modern-day version an appeal to the party of Apollos or Paul takes? A new evangelization brings the excitement of discovery into our own lives and so into our church. Let the Spirit lead. It has happened
it will happen again. David L. Fleming SJ ~uly-Augu~t 1992 485 JUAN RAMON MORENO Church of the Poor evangelizing and witnessing Juan Ram6n Moreno SJ was one of six Jesuits mur-dered along with an employee and her daughter by Salvadoran military forces at the Jesuit residence of the Central American University, San Salvador, on 16 November 1989. He was widely known as a spiritual director, teacher, preacher, and giver of retreats and conferences and was the founder and editor of the spirituality journal Diakonfa. Besides holding other responsibilities, at various times he was novice director for the Jesuits of Central America, local superior, university professor, and president of the Panamanian and Nicaraguan con-ferences of religious. This article was first published in Diakonfa 7 (1978): 17-28 and republished in a collection of Father Moreno’s writings, Evangelio y misidn (San Salvador: UCA Editores, 1990). The translation is by James R. Brockman SJ with the permission of UCA Editores. The footnotes are the translator’s. The term "church of the poor" is meant to express a new awareness of what it is to be church, an awareness that is growing in force among Christians in Latin America. The following thoughts are proposed as a help toward under-standing the foundation and principal traits of this way of viewing the church. Church of the Poor and Vatican II The schema on the church elaborated by the precon-ciliar doctrinal commission brought together the ecclesi-ology traditionally taught in recent centuries, and the 486 Review for Religious that allow one to recognize in Jesus the hoped-for Messiah are that "the blind see and the lame walk.., and the good news is proclaimed to the poor" (Mt 11:5), what should be the traits that make recognizable Jesus’ church? Church Born from Below Vatican II has allowed us to pass from a church that becomes conscious of itself and is organized and structured fr0m within, from itself, to a church that seeks to understand and structure itselffr0m without, from the world that it has been sent to in order to make God’s kingdom grow in that world. Nevertheless, the reality that the world is a divided world had not yet made its full impact on the council. Consequently, the challenges to which it more directly proposes to respond are those of a world seen too much from above, from the angle of the learned and the skilled, from the culture and the perspective of the dominant classes. But at Medellfn2 the Latin American bishops began to express in an inspired and probing manner the conflictive reality of our world. The cry of the impoverished majority of the continent found an echo. The church began to become aware of itself and to organize and structure its life and pastoral action not from an abstract world or from just any part of the real, concrete world, but from below, from the world of the poor, and from there to fashion itself as the true church of Christ. Church of the Poor One must not confuse church of the poor with church3’br the poor. A church for the poo~r would be a church that is constituted in a first step that is logically prior to its encounter with the poor and then, in a second step, seeks out the poor to serve and help them. But the church of the poor is a church that in its very con-stitution has the poor as its center. There is no doubt that the church, as the historical body of Christ, must place itself in the world to transform it and to make present in it the reign of God. It must be incarnated, that is, take a body, become a visible and acting institution. But the problem is, what are the criteria that are to determine its institutional shape? What body will it take? Faithful to the incarnational logic of Jesus, the church must take the body of the poor, incorporat-j~ uly-.4ugust 1992 489 Moreno ¯ Church of the Poor ing the poor, making the poor to be those who make up what is characteristic and determinant of its body, which is structured and takes visible form from the cause and the interests of the poor. Let us take a Gospel passage that graphically illustrates this, which is the particular way of acting of Jesus. I choose the short scene with which Mark begins his third chapter. He describes a Jesus situated within a determined sociocultural-religious con-text. But Jesus is situated in it concretely, and he is situated in a way which is perceived by one of the parties as threatening to its interests--"they wer~ watching him closely" (3:2)--and which provokes a conflict so sharp that "they plotted together to see how to eliminate him" (3:6). What is indicative is the place where Jesus is situated and from which he faces the situation: solidarity with the actual man, the man in his poverty, the man oppressed by his paralyzed hand and forsaken by the institution. He has him step into the middle of the synagogue. And he obliges the others, the representatives of the grand institution, to face up to their own presuppositions: Is it licit or not? What is more important, the institution or the person, maintaining the institution or free-ing a man from what concretely oppresses him? What is the cri-terion to act on? "But they were silent" (3:4). Jesus’ reaction is, "Then looking at them with anger . . ." (3:5). Countless times the Gospels speak of Jesus’ look--always a loving and compas-sionate look. Now he looks "with anger." At whom? At that group of wise, prudent men who are respectful of the institution. Why? Because they refuse to commit themselves to the man, they refuse to make a decision in regard to a poor person, they refuse to take a stand in a situation that questions their rigid institutional schemes. Jesus says, "Hold out your hand" (3:5). Jesus chooses the poor person, the man in a situation of concrete need. The institution is either at the service of human beings orit does not reflect the true God. The Gospels contain many even more radical expressions about the poor as the fundamental criterion for discerning whether we are following the path to God’s kingdom. Perhaps the most awesome and disquieting is the words contained in Matthew 25:31-46: "Come, blessed ones of my Father, inherit the kingdom . . . for I was hungry and you gave me to eat... depart from me, accursed ones.., for I was naked and you did no~’ clothe me .... " There is not much room here for sociological or 490 Review for Religious theological lucubrations about who are the poor that are spoken of and what is the determinant criterion for measuring God’s nearness. Crucified Church As we can see in the example of Jesus, taking the side of the poor supposes having the courage to get involved in conflict. The history of the Latin American church since Medellfn confirms what has been true all through its existence: insofar as it empties itself of power and prestige so as to enter the world of the poor and be identified with them and their cause, it has also had to suffer their lot--crucifixion and death--and it has come to under-stand why it cannot follow Jesus without denying itself and car-rying the cross. It is because the immense majority of the poor are not poor simply because of nature, but because of other persons. In reality, the poor are the impoverished. Hence, their mere pres-ence is an accusation, a questioning
it creates conflict. The poor are a cause of division, a division whose theological meaning is apocalyptically described in the eschatological discourse I have mentioned: "He will separate one from the other, as the shep-herd separates the sheep from the goats" (Mt 25:32). Jesus him-self, poor and in solidarity with the poor, appears as "a sign of contradiction" (Lk 2:34)
and when he takes his place actually at the side of the poor, he provokes conflict and repression, and he suffers death. For this reason the church of the poor is the crucified church, the church of the martyrs. It is so insofar as it is a church of the poor. As long as it preaches universal but abstract love, as long as it is a church from above, the world’s powerful praise and respect it
they consider it their church. But when it begins to translate love into historical terms, when it begins to take the side of the poor and it plans and organizes its pastoral work with them in mind, then it begins also to be the church that is slandered and persecuted. If we look at this fact in the light of the Beatitudes (see Lk 6:22-23, 26) there is no doubt which one is the church of Jesus. Church in which the Poor are Evangelized The poor are the privileged consignees of the good news of .~ly-Aug’ust 1992 491 Moreno ¯ Church of the Poor salvation. That does not mean they are the exclusive consignees. Partiality is not the same as exclusiveness. Jesus comes to bring sal-vation for all. But he comes to bring it from the poor, and fi’om them he confronts the changes that must come about in the world
he makes specific what it means to be converted, what it means to become brothers and sisters. This is not a matter of mystifying the poor, as if they were the good and the rich were the bad. It is that objectively God’s identi-fication with the poor, the defense of their cause, is precisely where it is revealed what God is, a God who is love that saves, love that creates a brotherhood and sisterhood of sons and daughters, love that makes all things new. And so it is from there that salva-tion is offered to all. The Beatitudes proclaim, not the goodness of human beings, but the goodness of the God who identifies with the little ones of the earth. The Acts of the Apostles describes for us a church that under, stood this very well and where for that reason the poor find their place in such a way that they cease to be poor: Among them no one was needy, because all those who pos-sessed land or houses sold them and brought the price of the sale.., and distribution was made to all according to their needs (Ac 4:34-35). It is the very gesture of him who "being rich became poor for you in order to enrich you with his poverty (2 Co 8:9). Church in which the Poor Evangelize Us This is another of the traits that characterize the church of the poor. St. John declares: Everyone who loves . . . knows God. Whoever does not love does not know God, for God is love (1 Jn 4:7-8). But those who from their objective condition teach the church what true love of God, Christian love, consists in are the poor: If someone has material possessions and sees a brother in need and yet closes his heart to him, how can love of God dwell in him? My children, let us love not just with words, with our lips, but with actions and in truth (1 Jn 3:17-18). The poor reveal to us what the demands are of that love which, because it is Christian, seeks efficacy and a real change in the conditions of suffering and injustice of the poor. They makd us discover who God is: the one who takes the part of the orphan, 492 Review for Religious the widow, the stranger, the one who becomes their goeL They make us understand the Jesus who has compassion, who casts out demons, who looks with anger. They reveal to us the demons that must be cast out today, what the sin is that today stirs up the Lord’s anger, what it is that today negates brotherhood, that kills our brother or sister. It is from the poor we must learn what grace means, grace that is manifested in powerlessness, that makes possible the impossible, that bursts in as pure gift. In short, they keep on making us discover the Gospel in a new dimension. On the other hand, if the poor are the privileged consignees of the good news of the kingdom, that means they must also be privileged in understanding and interpreting what that good news signi-fies. The Gospel is understood through the lens of the poor and from their per-spective. Therefore, it is in them before all else that the Spirit becomes present, From the poor we must learn what grace means, grace that is manifested in powerlessness, that makes possible the impossible, that bursts in as pure gift. and from there the Spirit speaks today to the church. There is a hierarchical magisterium in the church, but it only makes sense if it is rooted in the reality of those poor who make up the church’s rank and file. The good shepherd’s sheep follow him because "they know his voice" and "he knows his own sheep" (Jn 10:4, 14). The hierarchy of the church of the poor is a hierarchy of service, not of domination. It is a hierarchy that knows its sheep in dia-logue and solidarity, that is ai~tuned to their concrete needs, their sufferings, their longings. Precisely for this reason, because it can hear and understand the people’s silent cry, it is able to speak with a language that is recognizable, and in the hierarchy’s voice the poor find their life, their cause, their hope, their own voice. The theological reflection of the church of the poor is done from below also, tuning in to ’the awareness and the feelings of the poor. Those poor have had their voice taken away--within the church as well--for so long that they have forgotten how to speak and must learn, to express themselves
but they must increasingly acquire a voice within the church. And that voice must be heard, because in it is revealed the Spirit of Jesus that guides the church. Thus will arise a church where things are considered, struc-at~ dy-./lugust 1992 493 Moreno ¯ Church of tbe Poor tured, and carried out from the perspective of the poor. It is they who say how the institution should function, what new ministries are required for a better service, what ministries and functions they need so that they themselves may be active participants within the church’s life. Church on Its Way We must not forget that this church of the poor is also a pil-grim church, a church that must keep forming itself through hard-ship and conflict. I am not referring now to conflict with the powers of the world
I am talking about the world and the sin that are still found within the church itself, about conflict that arises from the church’s limitations and from different models of church. The church’s unity--that unity for which Jesus died--is eschatological unity, a unity that will come about beyond the church itself as fundamental gift of the kingdom that will burst forth into fullness. The church has a mission to go on building that unity--which is universal brotherhood and sisterhood--by attacking at the root what keeps that unity from being realized. That is not achieved by denying the reality of the conflict, but by facing up to the lack of love and Folidarity that produces it. The mere existence of the poor exposes that lack of love and sol-idarity- which is why there will be protest, conflict, and division as long as there are poor--and it reminds us that salvation, the fullness of God’s reign, has not yet arrived. The Religious Life in the Church of the Poor What place do we religious have within this church of the poor that I have just described? The religious life arises as protest against the values and struc-tures of the world. It arises as a search for what is radical in the Gospel, for the "one thing necessary" (Lk 10:42), which tends to be obscured in a church tempted to become worldly, to stop being the distinct event that it ought to be within the world. With its special form of Christian existence, religious life ought to be prophecy that points continually towards the church’s true mean-ing and calls on it, not to settle down, but to seek ever to go for-ward. That is the eschatological meaning of the vows, as they show us a beyond that urgesus to transform the present. 494 Review for Religious But what is the natural place for religious life to flourish? Where is the root that makes our life radically evangelical? If what I have said about the church of the poor is true, then there is no doubt that the poor are the place par excellence where the reli-gious life should be located in order to carry out its charism of prophecy. In point of fact, the Spirit is stirring up a notable move-ment among religious towards a real and concrete insertion among the poor. From there the Spirit provides light for a reinterpreta-tion of religious life itself. The religious vows are seen before all else as ,consecration to the Christ who is poor and identified with the poor, as vows that consecrate by freeing us from fixity and exclusiveness so as to form Christians who are available for all and approachable by all, but with an availability and approacha-bility whose universalness is shown precisely in being dedicated by preference to the poor and effectively committed to their cause. It means being detached in order to go where the institution can scarcely reach because of the difficulty and poverty of the condi-tions. Jon Sobrino expresses it very well as a going to the desert, the periphery, the frontier: to the desert, where no one is, where no one wants to go
to the periphery, where everything is seen through the lens of the powerless (not to the center, where the powerful are, where things are seen from above)
to the frontier, where risks are greater and the task is harder, where there are no trodden paths because no one has trod them and the walkways are made by walking. What better way to fulfill religious life’s prophetic function within the church than to help it read the signs of the times from that insertion into the world and struggle of the poor? What bet-ter way than to point out the new paths that the Spirit of Jesus is having us discover through the poor, in whom that Spirit becomes so specially present? The challenge offered us is, how to bring this about? To what conversion does the Lord call us as religious within the church so that we may help it become increasingly a church of the poor? Notes 1 The Documents of Vatican H (New York: The America Press, 1966), pp. 23-24. 2 The 1968 Latin American bishops’ assembly at Medell~n, Colombia. July-August 1992 495 ANNMARIE SANDERS Women Missioners amidst Violence efforts of two insurgency groups, drug lords, and a military that violates more human rights than the groups it seeks to suppress. Through the country more than sixty percent of the people are living in emergency zones, and a great deal of these areas have been placed under military control. Many of the towns have lost their leaders, doctors, teachers, and development workers and even their police. Often only Catholic church workers remain, the great majority of whom are women religious. The situation has called us who serve here to a new way of liv-ing and ministering among the people and to a new spirituality. Following Christ and living Christian values can no longer be done as in the past. The reality in which our spirituality is lived out is now radically different. In speaking with various foreign women missionaries through-out Peru, I see that we struggle with many of the same new chal-lenges, are asking ourselves the same questions, and are recognizing similar patterns in our lives of prayer and relation with God. Our situation is unique because of the state of the country in which we work. The complexity of problems plaguing Annmarie Sanders IHM, a member of her congregation’s vocation and formation team, has been in Peru since March 1989, She also works as associate editor of Latinamerica Press/Noticias Aliadas. Her address is Apartado 18-0101
Lima, Peru. 496 Review for Religious Peru does not follow any pattern in the history of other nations, and thus we have no precedent to follow. To understand our questions, fears, and challenges, one must better understand the context of the violence we face. Peru’s two terrorist groups, the Maoist Sendero Luminoso (Shining Path) and the Tupac Amaru Revolutionary Move-ment, hold as their primary goals the takeover of the country. So far their efforts since 1980 ¯ have resulted in 23,000 deaths, 5,000 disap-pearances and US$18 billion in economic damage. Sendero has declared its willingness to wade through a "river of blood" to expunge foreign influence in Peru and establish a peas-ant society. It rejects competition from the church, the state, and the private sector. The methods of the two groups include bombings, intimidations, blackmail, torture, and ruth-less murder. The terrorist groups are known to be linked with narco-traffic rings, and in return for the security which the terrorists provide coca traffickers, they receive an esti-mated $40 million a year. Although the current government of Although the terrorist problem has been present in the country for over a decade, only recently has the church been directly affected. President Albert Fujimori attempts to control the drug trafficking and terrorist situations, it also battles cholera, endemic corruption, frequent drought, eighty-percent underemployment, and a deep economic depression leaving 13 million of Peru’s 22 million inhabitants in extreme poverty, a figure which has doubled in three years. The government must also contend with the Peruvian military and police forces, which, according to the Washington Office on Latin America, are among the worst violators of human rights in the hemisphere. The U.S. State Department’s 1990 human-rights report notes "widespread credible reports of summary executions, arbitrary arrests, and torture and rape by the military, as well as less frequent reports of such abuses by the police." The United Nations Commission on Human Rights noted that in 1991, for the fourth consecutive year, Peru had the highest number of disap-pearances of all the countries in the world. Although the terrorist problem has been present in the coun-try for over a decade, only recently has the church been directly affected. Between the church and the terrorists there had existed .~dy-August 1992 497 Sanders ¯ Women Missioners amidst Violence an "understanding." Generally, when terrorists entered to take over a village, if church workers complied with terrorist expecta-tions they were left unharmed. The church work often had to be significantly curtailed,.’but the religious could remain as a presence to the people. The recent direct destruction of church projects and prop-erty
the deaths of Irene McCormack, an Australian Sister of St. Joseph, in Junin in May 1991 and of Zbigniew Strzalkowski and Michael Tomaszek, Polish Franciscan priests, and Alessandro Dordi Negroni, an Italian priest, in Chimbote in August 1991
and the attempted assassination in July 1991 in Chimbote of Miguel Company, a priest from Spain, changed the scene signif-icantly. More religious encountered terrorist demands that their works--especially food aid and development projects--be stopped, and many received direct threats on their lives. Rather suddenly priests and religious became direct terrorist targets. Sendero Luminoso proclaimed that the church was the enemy of the peo-ple and an obstacle to revolutionary triumph. As the Rev. Robert Gloisten, a U.S. missioner and a staff member of the Peruvian Episcopal Conference for Social Action, stated, "We have become a church under fire with no idea of what will happen day to day." For several years, denial of the serious-ness of the situation was possible. Life was carried on with a vague knowledge that terrorists were active in a few isolated areas
as long as their activity did not directly touch us, we could continue peacefully. Those days are past. ~ The level of awareness and acceptance of the reality of this sit-uation naturally differs for each person. Much depends on one’s personal experiences. For example, Pittsburgh Sister of Mercy Rita Harasiuk, who works in the diocese of Chimbote, was jolted by the death of her three colleagues into a new view of the situation: Although I began seeing things differently with the attempted assassination of Miguel Company, it was really the deaths of the two Franciscans that affected me the most. The two, along with two mayors from nearby towns who were also killed, were laid out together in coffins--all open-- and one worse than the other. For some of us, it was the f
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Horace Kephart (1862-1931) was a noted naturalist, woodsman, journalist, and author. In 1904, he left St. Louis and permanently moved to western North Carolina. Living and working in a cabin on Hazel Creek in Swain County, Kephart began to document life in the Great Smoky Mountains. He created 27 journals in which he made copious notes on a variety of topics. Journal 22 (previously known as Journal XII) includes information on characteristics of people in general. Click the link in the Related Materials field to view a table of contents for this journal.
• PRISSIO 0 O!IO s • • , ATTEN ION, ATCHFUL SS . ~ ~itPJ~· a ~ . 1 . ..:..:io..;:t;......4.. M· .l..,,...l -~~ 6 FLIPPANCY . 7 EXCITABILITY. PHLEG . ~· 1i ~~ 014 ~ ,_.~ .,4.._;&--~ ]4. ~ 1%- ...d£-~. ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ...dL 1 ~. D T I ATION, OBSTINACY. ~,L.,.-~. ~r:t.~j ~'Sif~~· C£iak~. ~ H c.k.~. DOUBT, HESITANCY, IRRESOLUTION. II PATIENCE . IMPATIENCE. AFF!Rl ATION . ~. GATION. ~~~./~ COMPLAC NCY. 16 IRRITABILITY. IJ PLEASURE. HIGH SPI ITS, CHE RFUL •S . • "And since neither Janus nor Chronos nor I Can hinder the crimes Nor mend the bad times It's better to laugh than to cry." li 19 AMUS tNT . fhrr-1. _,ttn.:k. t(~ ~. JOY . ECSTASY, Mental. PAIN • • LOY SPIKI!S. DEJ CTIO • "In the lives of eaoh one of us, as we look back ard and review them in retrospect, there are certain desert wastes from which memory winces like some tired traveller faced with a dreary stretch of road. Even from the security of later happiness we cannot contemplate them without a shudder. Time robs our sorrows of their sharp vividness, but the horror of those blank 1 gray days never wholly passes. It remains for ever at the back of our consciousness to remind us that~ though we may have struggled through it to the heights, there is an abyss. We may dwell, like the Pilgrim 1 on the Delectable Mountains, but we never forget the Slough of Despond. Years after ards, Jill could not bring herself to think of that brief but age-long period which lay between the evening when she read Derek 1s letter and the morning when, with the wet sea-wind in her face and the cry of the wheeling sea-gulls in her ears, she stood on the deck of the liner that was taking her to the land where she could begin a new life. It brooded behind her like a great, dank cloud, shutting out the sunshine." (Wodehouse, The Little Warrior, 129.) LA1TCHOLY. (t ;Ja., vU.. .-:1: ~ : u.,._~ .L'~ ... 'UN<- -fw-'- A ~ ... t;t- ~-~oW>- ! (t ~"- veL, .uL-~: u....~J.:~, ~~..tt,~ ... ~t-~-~·'" (Q~, ~- ~~/,;...... ~'m.~~ ~-) GRIEF. AGONY, ent 1. EXHAU TION, NTAL . PASSION . Definition .- Passion consists in t11e ef ectc produc d on the spectator ' s emot onal nature as his sympathy follo~s the characters tliTough the inc dents of the plot; it is war as distinguished from Kriegspiel . toulton, l86 . Devices or ~ntensiryine tl1e atrain .-MoU1ton, l91 , 196-7 . ;;o FAITH . I HOPE . SUSPICION, SC~PTICIS .~./.TOPICS OF THE TIMES. 7~ ~ hrly lli ~um~ Both Sides tat' a Itt ta not a happy Offended on I At any rat It t by t=alrneu. uot an aay on , :tor b , a mll18'1Y more than anybody 1 , Is oxpooell to att&ek trum both altl In 11ny war, actual or m~taphorlcal, tha.t Ia goln1r on. It b among tht• common t-ru1tl ll&tld f his llllrlen~ 1 to b charged by ev.dt ot ha antac-onlsts with tavotlng an•l aorvtnc tho oth r, and h Is lucky tr thr. ac:cueatlon 11 not o.ccompanh tl b)' lfrnl 1 euggftlltlona Utat the tavorlntr and a rvJnc ar dono tor 11. prko 11 ld by th tlendl9h foe. l'ln Jy lllu tratlng thla p cullarlty of the journallstlo lot 111 a I ttcr just r • celv d trom a r ador o! 'l'ur. TlM~a whtl a.nnouncea that tor a. W'hllo ho 1 to b a reader. • 'ow, u ually, wh n ,a IUbscrlb r fflela mov d to tho de p rn.te mmumro of stopping hi pnpct'-thn t ulthnatP. f< rm or <'<•Jttl••mn tl .,, nd llllll lshn nt It 111 h u c .,r nrtunltY' for the chlldr n t'o pta.y out doors 1\1111 keep well. nut In a ftow w ks th ) found the house d rt d. 'l'hll woman ha.l fl"d with her broOd hank to th• t•ltv 11h1m ~he 1garded Lovey and hristian and olonel Straight and Pyn and Beady Lamont and all that band of humble, helpful pals to whom I was knit in the bonds or the "robust love" which was the atmosphere o( brave old Walt Whitman's City of Friends. There was no pose among them, nor condemnation, nor severity. Forgiveness was exercised there till st'Vl'nty limes s v n. They forbore one another in lov<>, and <>nd<> avorcd to keep the unity of the spirit in the bond of p<'ace to a degree or which Someone would have said that II<> had not found the like, no, not in Isra 1. My family were all of Israel, and of th strictest s ct. They fasted twice in the week, so to speak; in theory, if not in practice, they gave tithes of all that they posses ed; they could sine rely thank God that they were not as such men nfl compos d tho Down and Out; and yet it was pr cisely among those who smote their breasts and didn't dare so much as to lift up their eyes unto h aven that I found tho flympathy that raised me to my feet and bade me be a man. No wonder, then, that that evening I kept poor old Levey n<>ar me, that I took him down to the caf~, whore there wer only men, and made him dine with me and tQld him of my bereavement. LOYALTY. TREACHERY. J: £. -n,.,J-. Mischief Makers J- '/:z' THE crime of tr a on is mor ommon than m n . uppose, for n arbitrary definition written in statute books cannot make le treasonable tho. e disloyal cts of which the statute takes no account. If the law should define th ft as th wrongful taking and carrying away of anoth r's purse, would the culprit who I ft the purse and mad off with its cont nts be I . a thief? In America tr ason is defined as levying war against the Unit d States, adhering to th ir en mies or giving their en mies aid and comfort. This d finition is arbitrary and wholly inadequate. A b tter definition, and one that more accurately m shes with the common understanding of mankind- the proper t st of d finitions - i that giv n in th work named Britton, whose authorship is lost in the mist of England's yesterdays. Here we are told that tr ason is "any mischief don to one to whom the doer represents himself as a friend." Treason, th n, is a mischi f done in violation of prof!:' ss d friendship an act of disloyalty to one to whom allegiance is due by reason of friendly pr tensions. If t'lectl'd official , by reason of stupidity or indifT renee, waste the mon y intrust d to them by th p opll', they work a mischief under cover of prof s d fril:'ndship. To say that th y violate a trust does not xpr !IS the whole of th ir off ' ns . To waste tax mon y is to I vy another and unnec ssary tax; to make war upon the purs s of th people; to give aid and comfort to the nemy, which is the hard necessity that requires men to sweat for their bread. If a public servant uses the advantage of his office to get a profit by dealing in commodities the people must buy and by reason of his activities the price of these commodities is increased, he is a traitor in spirit and in fact. His clear intent is to fatten his own purse by doing the people a mischief. He not only delivers the people into the hands of an enemy but shares the enemy's profit. One who is set to guard a gate and for a price opens it to the barbarians is not guilty of a greater treachery. If a number of men conspire to increase the price of a necessity or conspire in any enterprise that inevitably will increase the price of a necessity and work hardship upon the people, their action is treasonable. They are not traitorous to the king, for there is no king; but they are traitorous to the whole people, who are the state. These men, with other citizens, are partners in the enterprise of government. The partnership supposes a common cause. It does not forbid the taking of profits in exchange for service, for one may serve his friends to get a Jiving and violate no principle of honor. But it does forbid conspiracy for the purpose of extortion. Those who conspire to wrest an unjust profit from the necessity of the people do not profess enmity. To profess enmity would be to invite destruction. They operate under the guise of friendship and work a mischief that is more than a breach of allegiance, more than adherence to an enemy- that is, in short, an act of warfare in quest of spoil. We need to revise our definition of treason. Treason is not merely an act of disloyalty in time of war. This definition is the progeny of an age when kings were rulers by divine right and subjects were pawns to be sacrificed in the royal game of slaughter. Peace hath her treacheries no less infamous than war's. When war is forgotten a traitor will be a traitor still. And we must learn that the citizen of a republic, whether an official or a private citizen, is guilty of treason when he violates the confidence of the whole people, who are the state, and does them a mischief. ADl.IRATION. ~f,.;Y, ~~,A~~~~~~-~~. VENERATION. I ·'I LOVE . "Into her mind, never far distant from it, came the thought of Derek. And, suddenly, Jill made another discovery. She was thinking of Derek, and it as not hurting. She was thinking of him quite coolly and clearly and her heart was not aching. She sat back and screwed her eyes tight, as she had always done when puzzled. Something had happened to her, but how it had happened and when it had happened and why it had happened she could not understand. She only knew that now for the first time she had been granted a moment of clear vision and was seeing things truly. She wanted Wally. She wanted him in the sense that she could not do without him. She felt nothing of the fiery tumult which had come upon her when she first met Derek. She and Wally would oome together with a smile and build their life on an enduring foundation of laughter and happiness and good-fellowship. Wally had never shaken and never would shake her senses as Derek had done. If that as love, then she did not love Wally. But her clear vision told her that it was not love. It might be the blazing and crackling of thorne, but it was not the fire. She wanted Wally. She needed him as she needed the air and the sunlight." (Wodehouse, The Little Warrior,359.) "'Is it wrong to tell a pretty woman you admire her?' 'Under our circumstances, yes.• He twisted himself around in the seat and eat looking at her. 'The loveliest mouth in the world!' he said, and kissed her suddenly. She had expected it for at least a week, but her surprise was well done. Well done also was her silence during the homeward ride. No, she was not angry, she said. It was only that he had set her thinking. When she got out of the car, she bade him good-night and good-bye. He only laughed. 'Don't you trust me7 1 he said, leaning out to her. 'It is not that. I do not trust myself.' After that nothing could have kept him a ay, and she knew it. 'Man demands both danger and play; therefore be selects woman as the most dangerous of toys.• A spice of danger had entered into their relationship. It bad become infinitely piquant." (K., by Mary Roberts Rinehart, 170.) RO!LANTIC LOVE . I' DorothyDix ~/iss ixteen Is Advenfttrous, Romantic, Trusting of !rangers, Dissatisfied With Pare11tial Control, Eager for Strange New Thrills- Is It Any Wonder Sweet Si:xteen of nL Is uThe Dangero t ge" for Girls? 11 11 I ud '\\ oret thin IF1 tAgn or th sarn<' ett!rnal prisl _ _ '0 'N 'AJ.I:J NOSA~B .l~V'Hd3}.t 3~V'~OH LOV • 38b2. "Th t mn d ~robl m o self-sacrifice! Ho much cl 1m ha men upon ach other? What did ohil r n gain who s orificed their lives for their parents? It aa supposed to bring them nobility; but, t the same tim , idn't it v lop in th parents the utmost callous s lfishness; didn't the latter, as their needs were e elusively consulted, grow more xacting, unreasonabl ? s not love itself the most unreason-ble and exacting thing imaginable? Once surrendered to it, the tyranny of a beloved subject wa absolute: Lee tol himself that the emotion he was considering -- the most sacred of earthly tie -- ignominiously resembled the pro erties of fly paper." (Hergesheimer, Cytherea, • Y., 1922, Knopf, 91-92.) '"This love isn't t all understood-- we are ignorant about it in spite of endless expari nee and reports and poetry. Take us before e re married, Whlle we were engaged, we had an impracticable romantic attr ction for ach other. I know that I thought of you all the time, day an night; and, just because you existed, the whol world w s full of prismatic colors; it was as though an orchestr were laying continually and I ere floating on the 'inest mu io. You re lik a figure in heaven that dre me up to you. 11, th t lasted quite while into our marriage; at first I had an even reater emotion. Then, as Helena and Gregory were born, it changed. I don't say it deere sed, F nny, that it lost any of its importance; but it di change; and in you as ell as m • It a n•t as prismatic, musical, and there's no use contradicting m . I can explain it best for myself by saying that my feelin for you bee me larg ly tenderness.' "'Oh!" Fanny exclaimed, in a little lifting gasp; "oh, and that ten erness," her cheeks were bright with sudden color, 'why, it is no more than pity.' "'That isn't just," he replied; "unless you ant to speak of pity at its very best. No, that won't do~ my affection for you is made of · 11 our experi noes, our liv s and emotions, together. We are tied by a thousand strings-- common disappointments and joy and sickness and hope and pain and heaven knows what else. We're held by habit, too, and convenience and the opinion of society. Certainly it is no smaller than the first,' he argued, but more to himself than ~ Fanny; 'that was nothing but a state of mind, of spirit; you can't live on music.'" (Do, 93-94.) (Stenographer:) "'But what about love, Mr. Randon7 That's hat throws me off. Some say it's the only thing in life.' 'I'm damned if I know,' he admitted. 'I hear the same thing, an I am rather inclined to believe it. But I have an idea that it is very ifferent from what most people insist; I don't think it is very useful aroun the house; it has more to "do with the pretty hat than with a dishpan. If you fall in love go after the thing itself, then; don't hesitate about tomorrow or yesterday; and, above all else, don't ask yourself if it ill last; that's immaterial.' 'You make it sound wild enough.' 'The wil er ~he better,' h insisted; 'if it is not delirious it's nothing .Q (Over.) ~f- 1 ], . 10utr geous! I n•t r ke out why you t ke it so coolly. ina Raff's a rott n 1m or 1 oman; it doesn't matter ho it' rranged. Why, • she gasped, 'she can be no more th n Peyton's mistress, no better than the om non the treet .• 'That is o,• he gree . But his follo ing que tion of the acce ted badness of mistresse n tre t- lk rs he isely ke t to hi self . ere they arker than the sh do cast by the inelastic institution of matrimony? At one time prostitutes ere greatly honored; but that had pa sed, he was convince , forever; and this, on the whole, he conclu d, as fortunat ; for, perhaps, if prostitution ere thoroughly iscredited, marriage might, in some Elysian future, be swept of most of its rubbish. Houses of prostitution, mistresses, like charity, absorbed and dissipated gre t deal of the dissatisfaction insep rable from the present misconceptions of love an society. The first move, o viously, in stopping ar, w s the suppression of such ameliorating forces as the Red Cross; and, conversely, with complete unions, infidelity ould languish and disappear . " (Do, 118-119.) "' hat dm you think woul happen if or a while e'd lose our ideas of h twas right and rong in lev ? 1 'Pandemonium,• Grove repli promptly. 'Not if people were more responsible, William,• Sav na Grove added; 'not for the superior. But then, 11 laws an order were made for the good of the mob (my Italics)-.--I~ 1 t nee the policeman I see in the streets; and, really, I haven't a scrap ore use for policemanli e regulations; I could regulate myself--'" (Do, 159-160.) .• • "The floor w s choked by slo ly revolving figures distilling from the rhythm frank gratification. There was n honesty of intention, the admission that life and nights were short, lacking in the fever at the Eastlake dancing; here, rather than unsettled restraint, was the determination to spend every excited nerve on sensation, to obtain the last drop from glasses the contents and odors of which uniquely resembled the drinks of pre-prohibition. These girls, consciously animating their shapely bodies with the allurement if not the ends of creation, prostitutes of both temperament and fact, ere, Lee Randon decided, calmer-- yes, safer-- in mind and purpose than were his most admirable friends." (Do, 165 . ) lll:aiiiOSYUIIl 'S3H9nH "W 'M AWYUWO>S 'SNIIV3J.S ~ . , :>'N'Ali:>NOSA!l8 J.V S113HtVnOOV3H NOLLVI :>OSSV' 3 WV~ C N 'V HSI.::I N VIH:>V IVddV' >Noaonwd.ltOIJI 'SNI~~IIt\ ' It\ ' It\ >N.OOUWd 'J.IIVHd3)1 3JVIIOH SEX WILES. Dorothy Dix' 111 ill the Young Flapper Who H u Re· formed in Order to Catch a Hu ba d Revert to Her Old Self After Marriage? Recreation a Necessity for the Home Woman hall She Allow 1he Sick Boy Whom he Pities to Ki Her? ])ORQTHY DI -A tTl nd of mine Ia abo\lt thirty. R l11 f tiling In Jo with a girl about tw nty-one. He Ia rloua-mlnd d, int lllg Jlt, hau nev r b n out much with glrla, Is w 11 to do and " nt to marry. The l'lrl ia oppo lte. Her desk Ia always untidy, Th man knew all theae things and ridiculed th m before he t 11 In lov wit)\ h . 'l"he pl knows that this man Ia a cood match, IU!d she Is trying to pi as him. h hu atopp d her lla-ht talk nd appar nlly b oom rloua· mlnd~d. and Industrious, nd orderly, all of th quulltii'S he ndmlr 11. 'ow, 111 It po~slhl for this lrl renll. to hl'r natur ? \\'JII sh not revert hnck origin I typ na soon a11 he 11 marrl for my frlelld. ntrWer: hen you go a flahlng, Frank, you use tho kind of bnlt th t the poor fl!lh ou ar angling for 111 moNt likely to rls to; live bait for .some, flies for others. Same way with women. When the. are out to catch a man th~y try to be what they think h h!>. Why, I have seen bca Uful morons sit up and l111ten by the hour, with n entranced expres !on on th!'lr facet, while a learned collf'f(e Jlr(l! t~sor discoursed to them upon th wonder and the beauty of the :f urth dlmen lon. I have seen girls ho were atone deaf pretfmd to n musldnn that they were crazy about grand opera. I have l'le!'n glr!g 'ho loathed ex!'rclse tramp, fo t ore and weary, over golf !Inks, and I have~ 1een .glrle wh,o were bored to tears by books patiently plod through pond!'roue volumea of which the dld not underllltaod a Bingle word because they had a hlgh·browed beau who le t them Ol· ume of hea lit rature. Bf'c u e a girl goes in Ylolently and st~dd!'nly for s~orts, or domesticity. or religion doea not In •the least lndlc11.te that shP is of an athletic, or domE'stlc, or pious nature. It merely means that ahe has fallen In love with a tennia player, or a golf fiend, or a man who lovea to eat, Qr 11 ounrr ]lreacher. •hy, girl even chanae the way they drey and they bob or keep their hair lon&' to ple11,41e some man . • o It Is nothing against the young woman thnt she hal'! adoptt>d the ttmo-honor d ta(·tics of ht>r sex In order to wln the man she des r 1'1. s to Wh!'th r ht>r reformation will be permanent, no one can b cau e mllrrlag does \\ork miracle in omen. All of us have known too many extravagant girl!! who become stingy as soon as It wa.s their own money, Instead of P pa a, that they were spending; too many butterfly girls who became domeetlc grubs; too many lazy 11 Is who made 19d.ustrlou! l wives, to date to propheay. The only thmg that marriage doean't ohanae about a womn Is the amount of grey matter that she hae. If she Ja ~Jull and stpuld be'fore rnarrlag , 11he will lltl\1 be d'uu arid stupid fterward, H''ut If he has lnttlllg nee, allthlniJ& are pQ8ldble to h r. DOROTHY lll • --~~ .... ----~ 38o. THE PROPOSAL. "Jill, you must get out of it. It's no life n hat else is there for me to do? I must do "Marry me!" said Wally, reaching across his hand on hers. The light in his eyes lit like a lantern. for you. • • • something." the table and putting up his homely face The suddenness of it startled Jill into silence. She snatched her hand away and drew back, looking at him in wonderment. . •. Obher men had asked Jill to marry them,-- a full dozen of them, here and there in country houses and at London dances ••• but nothing that she had had in the way of experience had prepared her for Wally. These others had given her time to marshal her forces, to collect herself, to weigh them thoughtfully in the balance. Before speaking, they had signalled their devotion in a hundred perceptible ways-- by their pinkness, their stammering awkwardness, by the glassy look in their eyes. They had not shot a proposal at her like a bullet from out of the cover of a conversation that had nothing to do with their emotions at all. • .• n ally!" she gasped. • •• "Let me take you out of it all! You aren't fit for this sort of life. I can•t bear to see you •• ·" Uill bent forward and touched his hand. He started as though he had been burned. The muscles of his throat were working. "Wally, it's--" She paused for a word. "Kind" was horrible. It would have sounded cold, almost supercilious. "Sweet" was the sort of thing she could imagine Lois Denham saying to her friend Izzy. She began her sentence again. "You're a dear to say that, but •.• 11 Wally laughed chokingly. 11You think I'm altruistic? I'm not. I'm just as selfish and self-centered as any other man who wants a thing very badly. I'm as altruistic as a child crying for the moon. I want you to marry me because I love you, because there never was anybody like you, because you're the whole world, Because I always have loved you. I've been dreaming about you for a dozen years, thinking about you, wondering about you-- wondering where you were, what you were doing, how you looked. I used to think that it was just sentimentality, that you merely stood for a time of my life when I as happier than I have ever been since. I used to think that you were just a sort of peg on which I was hanging a pleasant sentimental regret for days which could never come back. You ere a memory which seemed to personify all the other memories of the beat time of my life. You were the goddess of old associations. Then I met you in London, and it was different. I wanted you-- you! I didn't want you because you recalled old times and were associated with dead happiness, I wanted you! I knew I loved you directly you spoke to me at the theatre that night of the fire. I loved your voice and your eyes and your smile and your courage. And then you told me you were engaged. I might have expected it, but I couldn't keep my jealousy from showing itself, and you snubbed me as I deserved. But now ••• things are different now. Everything's different, except my love." ( odehouse, The Little Warrior, 278-280.) MARRIAGE. 38h "That is hat marriage is to most young omen: the ultimate escape from the family, from the un ritten la s that govern children. Whether they are loved or unloved has no bearing upon this desire to test their wings, to try this new a venture{ to take this leap into the dark." (MacGrath, The Ragged E ge,l72.J (Helen: "I want a home.") 38 LOVE-- Inconstancy. "Sp nish-Amerioan moralists ar prone to ascribe this flo ring of the great Anglo-Saxon cult of concealment to hypocrisy. Nothing could be shorter of the truth. Hypoorlsy is an effort to eoeive, but the best English and American types eceive no on . Their intention is not to deceive but to keep life olean, pure, and enjoyable for their fellow-men. For here is the peculiar thing about vice: A man's own shortcomings never appear censure- orthy, hereas the sins of other men are hiueous. To be seen openly sinning is to make of oneself a public nuisance. 11The genius of the Angle-Saxon realizes this, and he voids paining and uistressing others by performing his dalliances as privately as possible. This secrecy is each man's private contribution to the comfort ana reassurance of his fello - citizens. Taking us all in all, perhaps America's greatest gift to the orld is the peccadillo of low visibility." (Stribling, Fombombo, 127.) "Then, unexpectedly, she bent her head against a chair-back and fell to silent crying. K. let her cry for a moment. Then:' Now-- tell me about it.' 'I'm just worried; that's all.' 'Let's see if we can't fix up the worries. Come, now, out i th them!' 'I'm a wicked woman, Mr. LeMoyne.' 'Then I'm the person to tell it to. I-- I'm pretty much of a lost soul myself.' He put an arm over her shoulders and drew her up, facing him. 'Suppose we go into the parlor and talk it out. I'll bet things are not as bad as you imagine.' But hen, in the parlor that had seen Mr. Sohwitter's strange proposal of the morning, Tillie poured out her story, K!s face grew grave. Schwitter had a wife in an insane asylum. Tillie had said 'You've got a wife living, and, unless you intend to do a ay with her, I guess that's all there is to it.' He had answered 'Is that all, Tillie? Haven't you got a right to be happy? ••• Here's both of us lonely. I'd be a good husband to you, Till-because, whatever it'd be in law, I'd be your husband before God.'] 'The wicked part is that I want to go with him, 1 she finished •.•• 0 my God! I've always been a good woman until ijow.' 'I-- I understand a great deal better than you think I do. You're not wicked. The only thing is--' 'Go on. Hit me with it.' 'You might go on and be very happy. And as for the-- for his wife, it won't do her any harm. It's only-- if there are children.' 'I know. I've thought of that. But I'm so crazy for children!' 'Exactly. So you should be. But hen they come, and you oannot give them a name-- don't you see7 I'm not preaching morality. God forbid that I-- But no happiness is built on a foun ation of wrong. It's been tried before, Tillie, and it doesn't pan out.' He was conscious of a feeling of failure when he left her at last. She had acquiesced in what he said, and even promised to talk to him again before making a decision o~ ay or the other. But against his abstractions of conduct and morality there was pleading in Tillie the hungry mother-heartj la and creed and early training were fighting against the stro est instinct of the race. It was a losing battle. (K., by Mary Roberts Rinehart, 119-121.) LOVE-- Inconstancy . " hat is constancy in lov 1 Either an accident or a fortun te tate of mind. To pro ise constancy in love is promising to continue in a state of mind over hioh you 111 have no control~ It 1s never an honest promise; it can be only an honest hope. Love comes and goes and no man can stay it, and no man is its prophet. Coming unasked, sometimes undesired, often un elcome, it goes unbid en, without reason, without logic, as inexorably as it came, governed by laws that no man has ever yet understood." (Chambers, The Co on Law.) The Young Working Girl in Love With Her Alarried Employer- The Second Wife Who Is Only an Unpaid Drudge. Her SeNSible Sweetheat·t Who Doesn•t Want to Tie Her to a Long Engagement :My dear Betty, when any man tries to persuade you to do som thing that you knoCY Is wrong and t lis you not to worry about the consequenc , it Is time for you to get busy and wnrrt good and hard. You knov., and he kn s, where thot ard wide; a selfish beast: a co" a rd: a quitter; a traitor, ' ho nnot even be faithful to his O\\ n flesh a d blooll He tolls you be loves you. v; hat sort o! love Is It that 111 willing to ruin a. girl's 1\fe and drag h r name Into the mud? 'What sort of love Is It that will take nil the love a «lrl has In brr heart, and gi e her nothing In return? That dooms her to old maidenhood, to lonely. embittered lifo or else 11ends her Into lov I ss marriage. That Is hat the lo e of a married man does to n Jirl. He can't marry her. His at ent1on11 compromise her, e •en when y do openly disgrace ht'r. Her. relatlona with him re boun.d to be ·ret and sham ful. .. o wortli·whlle man wants to marry some l.l'r1ed man's lt'avlngs. .And th girl wa11tes her youth caring for a an who eventually tlre11 of her, and p;OCll back to his family, or <'1St ds some newer, fresher face. That 1 what your married lover Is, Betty, and b<'lleve me, the girl o tak88 another woman's husband away from her, who orphans tie children and br aks up home Is just ns lck d as 1t sh had mmltted murder. Unless lt Is a matter of absolute 11tnrvat1on, leave the place where you are thrown Into dally contact with th man who fll.l!clnates }Oil. Go wh<'re }ou wlll not be dally tempted to yield to his Jov -maktng. ll you can't dO th t, keep your mind on what the m n reall Is, In tend of }OUr romantic Ideal of him, and you w11l soon find that ou ha~e ce&.~~l'd to for him. DORC1TH DIX. Th,. young men In the days of the dandl!'ll (ild not hore women. You do. lo'or If not. why Is t~ divorce rate ever rl111lng, and why are Parla anrl lteno AO favored hy women u places of temporar)· residence? If you could only cut a rather more I'Omantlc figure than you do; II 1'Nl we!"f' only a trlftf' more spectacular, let u.s -Y. and if you d1cl not .., hopele.88IY and AO dreadfully Telll!lllhle every other man, perbaPfl the dlvort.-e rate would not be quite 80 !ltartling lUI It Ia. For, llti'IUllle u [It may seem, the very qualities that you have not ara prodsely the onee that attract and hold the women. f'er:mpll, Indeed. It Is unfortunate that It IR 110, but I sball not tell a lie because the truth Ia sad. There never yet lived the woman who loved a man hecause he was a good clu.t and was efficient In the office; you I may not credit the llt&tement., 110 much the wone for you If yoa do not. But millions-yea, mlllloDa - names or thcs thousand girls were d manded, and thf' judge refused to give th m, stating that their whol future thus would be blighted, and that no on who de~ired to reform would have an opportunity. He declared hlmselt perfectly willing to give the names or professional a hort ion-ists to the grand jury, deeming tlwm the real culprits in the case. These are the ones the.t rom , within the palp or the law, first, and they should suffpr as cxtrem<' penalties as the law permits. Judge Linsry is right in principle, that all el'fort should be made to sav rather than to stigmatize and to pun-ish. Th theory, of cours •, will not work out as dPslred in all cases. C<'rtainly, t hert' needs to b n lot of cl aning up, and a good many parents in DPnver wake up to the Immoral con-duct of their sons and daughters, nnd a cl<'nn-up anywhere along the line, such as public schools, dance halls, moving picture thNtt rs, and verythlng els<' that may need o.ny alt ntion as having b n contributory in any dP!!,rce to the loose moral~:~. We used to say that something wa!l rotten in Denmark. Judg Linsey says it is D nv r. Other clticR have not spok n. P rhapg things are b tt r ls where-nerha ps not. It is hard to b l!cve, however, that the more.lR as set forth by Judge Linsey are typical. His purpos to save those who have gone astray is but an application o! the high Chris-tian ideals set forth during his membership of the First United Brethren church at Denver, and which he himself personally has espoused. 4 • · i3 ,1q., · LOVE for rri d n ( o n) . Wb7 re Married len So ~ttrnNh· j_To Glrb DorothyDix Girls Fall for Married Men Because They Are Out of R each and Because a Hidden Love A dventure Seems More iR om antic T h.an an Honest C ourtsh.ip man want!! to know why married men h ve euch a. !M<'lnatlon for girls, nnd '\\her In a benedict's wooinc ditrer trom that of a l•n c-hrlor, The ftn~t P rt or thl! double-banelrd question was answered by l•)vo In the Garden of FAI'In, and every girl take a!ter her greatl!l'lt .rrrandmother. ;Ma.rriNl men are torbld!len fruit., and that alone whetl! the appetite of th fool! h little ~;velyn! tor them, and m es thorn tmmonplace old way, and I < lollli(!S h 1 t)l , But th n•al r a on that the married n1an lA a devil among \1 nmen Is ju t the sam ot.t rea~on that made l'~vc listen to the s rpent. DOitOTHY DL-. TOWN OF ::::ITY, NORTH CAROLINA I TRIGUE. "He readed ... his return home. . . Had it been possible he woul have cancellea the past forty-eight hours; but ee was forced to admit to himself that he as not invaded by a very lively sense of guilt. He made a conventional effort to see his act in the light of a grave fault-- whatever was attached to the charge of adultery-but it failed before the conviction that the whole thing a sad. His sorro e for Savina •.• There had been no suggestion of
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Issue 26.2 of the Review for Religious, 1967.
In~iwelling God by Thomas Dubay, S.M. Epikeia by Paul Hinnebusch, O.P. Obedience in Vatican II by Joseph F. Gallen, S.J. Reexamining Community Government’ by Rene H. Chabot, M.S. Teilhard, Love, and Celibacy by Charles W. Freible, S.J. Changes in Symbolism by Sister Marie Raymond and Morris L Berkowitz Personality Assessment by Walter J. Coville Courtesy in Correspondence by Richard M. McKeon, S.J: Ecelesial Significance of Working Religious by Thomas Whiteman, S.M. Private and Liturgical Prayer by Herman A. P. Schmidt, S.J. Local Council or Chapter? by William F. Hogan, C.S.G. Survey of Roman Documents Views, News, Previews Questions and Answers Book Reviews 203 231 242 261 282 295 305 311 316 324 336 339 345 350 364 VOLUI~tE 26 NUMBER 2 March 1967~. NOTICE TO SUBSCRIBERS In order to facilitate the operations of the Business Office of I~vmw FOR R~LXGIOVS, please observe in the future the two following norms: Renewals, new subscriptions, where accorfipanied by a remittance, should be sent to: REvIEw FOR I~LXCIOUS
P. O. Box 671
Baltimore, Maryland 21203. Changes of address, business correspondence, and orders not accompanied by a remittance should be sent to: REVIEW FOR RwL~G~OVS
428 East Preston Street
Baltimore, Maryland 21202. Your observance of these two norms will be greatly appreciated. THOMAS DUBAY, S.M. Indwelling God: Old Testament Preparation The indwelling of the Trinity is easy to understand and it is difficult to understand. It is so simple that it can be substantially described in a page, and so profound that a whole book can scarcely outline its beauties and its implications. It is so patent that a child can appreciate its splendor, so mysterious that theologians have disa-greed for centuries in explaining its details. The divine inhabitation is a truth at once astonishingly beautiful, deceptively obvious, profoundly rich, eminently practi-cal. Yet the literature of our day dealing with the do~trine of God inabiding presents an anomalous situation. On the one hand, there is no truth more central to the Chris-tian mystery than man’s union with his close-by God, a truth mentioned repeatedly in both the old and the new dispensations, a truth prominent in the ecclesiology of Vatican II, a truth basic to liturgical and contemplative prayer, a truth that many find irresistibly attractive when it is taught in a fresh, scriptural manner. Yet on the other hand we hardly ever hear a fully developed doctrinal sermon or conference on the subject. Most books dealing with the mystery are either exclusively pious or heavily speculative. The first do good, but not as much as they would if theology preceded practice. The second inform theologians, but they do not move the People of God. Current theological work on the divine indwelling in the just seems to have jelled into several scholastic elabo-rations in such manner that we find little promise of further fruitful development in the direction in which they have gone. And if we are completely candid, we must confess to a suspicion that these elaborations labor under a considerable degree of sterility from the practical point of view of attracting men to live the mystery.1 1 In making these remarks we are aware of and grateful for the vast and valuable contributions of scholasticism toward an under- Thomas Dubay, S.M., is spiritual director at Notre Dame Seminary
2901 South Carroll-ton Avenue
New Orleans, Louisiana 70118. VOLUME 26, 1967 203 4. 4" 4, Thom~ Dubay, $.M. REVIEW FOR RELIGIOUS ~04 Nonetheless, experience makes it clear that once the in-telligent layman, religious, or priest is given an enlight-ened taste of the indwelling mystery, he is often eager to learn more about it. In fact, in our conference and re-treat work we find that there is scarcely any subject that is as enthusiastically received as is this one. If such be true, we should be able to present it in an attractive anti fecund manner--which remark does not absolve the reader from :patient study and reflective consideration. We should not find ourselves at the end of a theological blind alley with an apparently sterile truth on our hands, even though we are dealing here, as Pius XII remarked, with a truth so splendid that it can never be fully grasped by a human mind or adequately couched in creaturely terms.2 A second anomaly is suggested by a tension pull be-tweeix the aggiornamento thinking of Vatican. II and the writing and speaking emphases of many current servers. Repeatedly the Council fathers stress the primacy of prayer and inner renewal, while just as repeatedly most others emphasize external approaches and tech-niques. We tend to see in the Council what we want to see. One :can read a Whole volume on change in the re-ligious life and not find a single chapter on what Vatican II considers most in need of improvement: our prayer life. That this can happen without our being amazed more .disturbing than that it happens. Yet we have seen little amazement. A third anomaly can be found in the strain many re:. ligious feel between a deep hunger for God and prayer growth on the one hand and a pressing time pressur(: problem on the other. Serious theologians and sincere ligious all grant the primacy of theological prayer (faiths, hope, love), but few find the calm leisure and extended time needed for prayer development. If one grants the conciliar admonition that the best external adaptations will be ineffectual without inner renewal (DRL, ~ 2), h cannot fail to conclude that the pressured activism of our day looms as a major problem. And it. r.emains unsolved, The unsatisfied hunger goes on. God is hidden because we are hiding. We propose in this series of articles to trace out some scriptural themes dealing with the inabiding Father, His Son, and their Holy Spirit. These themes furnish some of the solid theological bases of profound prayer life. As ’such they lie at the core of any stable, efficacious, genuine renewal in the religious life of our times. standing of this truth and we count ourselves among its students~ Still, much remains to be .done. ~ Mystici Corporis, ~4cta Apostolicae Sedis, v. 35 (1943), p. 231. Cruciality oI the Mystery Reading an undue, significance into his personal’ in-terests is an occupational hazard every man must face in the living of a human life. The lawyer tends to exag-gerate law
the physician, medicine
and the shoemaker, footwear. The writer is no less exempt from this tendency than the rest of men. Not only may he overemphasize the printed word, but he may easily see a nonexistent importance in the subject he has chosen to discuss. It is, therefore, with open-eyed awareness of danger that we make the strong statement that the indwelling mystery is crucial to the supernatural economy established by an incredibly loving God.° Yet could not a man, one may ask, say the same regarding the incarnation, the cruci-fixion, the Eucharist? Yes, of course. They are all crucial. But in different ways. Visional Presence The divine inhabitation is crucial as end or goal. It is in view of the inbeing of the Trinity--imperfectly grasped through faith, perfectly through visionmthat all else in the Christian order of things has been structured. When man sinned he lost the Trinity and his orientation toward seeing the Trinity. Fortunately, God so loved the world that He sent the Way that men might repossess the Truth and’ the Life that was to abide in their hearts. The beatific vision is the end of the supernatural economy for every man not only temporally but also ontologically
and the beatific vision implies the indwelling presence, the perfect, fully blossomed indwelling presence of our blessed God in His human habitation. The incarnation, crucifixion, Eucharist, the other sac-raments are all themselves directed to the ultimate glori-fication of the Trinity achieved in men through the marvelous intimacy of visional presence. When the creed proclaims at Mass that the Son descended from heaven and became incarnate "for us men and for our salvation," it is declaring that the hypostatic union itself together with its redemptive results is orientated toward this same visional presence, since what is salvation if not the face to face fruition of the Trinity in our risen body? Indwelling and Grace The visional presence of Father, Son, and Spirit is the blossom of a temporally antecedent presence, namely, that in via, on earth. The stroke of death effects no sub-stantial change in the inbeing of the divine Persons in the soul of the just man. This fact brings the cruciality of the indwelling a step closer to the Christian’s actual situation on earth, to the here and now condition of his spiritual life. + + Indwelling God VOLUME 26, 1967 4" 4. Thomas Dubay, $.M. REVIEW FOR RELIGIOUS From the roots of its renewing being, sanctifying grace shouts out for the divine abiding. It shouts because it has been made for the, indwelling which is its fulfillment. Any nature or power seeks its fulfillment in the object for which it has been made. In this sense man’s soul: through its intellect and will shouts out for knowledge and love, because truth and goodness are its end. The eye yearns for light and the ear for sound
by color and melody eye and ear are filled and satisfied. Sanctifying grace is a super nature whose object is nothing less than the Trinity in its intimate family life. To see in grace merely a quality rendering us pleasing to God is to ~miss most of what is there to see. Ontologi-cally, sanctifying grace is a Trinity-orientated power. Its whole raison d’etre is to enable man to attain the Father begetting His Son and the Holy Spirit proceeding front the mutual love of Father and Son. If grace requires the indwelling Trinity as its object, the centralness of the latter to the supernatural economy is obvious. The grace organism is tailor-made for the divine inhabitation. Redemption and Indwelling In the unspeakable outflowingness of the divine plan man has been destined not to a stand-off or at a distance knowledge and love of the Lord God but to an inti-mately personal entrance into the inner trinitarian life itself. This statement sounds sober enough. But it actually staggering. Were a man able to grasp the blind-ing splendor of the divine life in its infinity, he would back away aghast at the condescension of his God in in~. viting him to share in it. This sharing was Adam’s lot, and he lost it. The redemption effected by the Word incarnate Wa~,
aimed at the reintroduction of humankind into the bosom of the Trinity’s inner knowing, loving, delighting~ Jesus was mocked, beaten, spit upon, nailed to cross beams in order that man might once again know, love, and enjoy the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit just as they are. We may rightly say that the purpose of the whole drama of Calvary was the indwelling of the Trinity in men’s hearts, imperfectly in earthly presence, perfectly in visional presence. Inhabitation and Actual Per]ection When theologians discuss the precise nature of sanc-tity, they commonly distinguish actual perfection from habitual perfection. The latter is the permanent quality of sanctifying grace together with the supernatural pow-ers rooted in it, the infused virtues, and the gifts of the Holy Spirit. The former refers to the degree of goodness found in a man’s exercise of the virtues. A man is habi-tually perfect when he possesses the supernatural orga-nism
he is actually perfect according as his operations are right and informed with more or less intense acts of love. We have already remarked that the habitual perfec-tion of our grace organism requires the indwelling Guests as its object. We may now observe that man’s actual per-fection is likewise directed to the three divine Persons lodged in his heart. When by hope we yearn for our su-preme Good or by charity love infinite Loveableness, we are not yearning for and loving a God who is miles be-yond our reach. We seek a God who is immediately pres-ent. If, therefore, our belief, hope, love, praise, sorrow, petition, and all the rest that we do. are directed to the indwelling Father, Son, and Holy Spirit, who could question the centrality of the mystery in our grace-glory order? The all-embracing admonition of St. Paul, "whether you eat or drink, or do anything else, do all for the glory of God," has its counterpart in his other directive, "glorify God and bear him in your body," or as the Greek text has it, "glorify God in your body." 3 Our every daily act is to be directed to the Trinity abiding in our being. A Living Fountain Within Man lives only by God. This is true both on the natural and the supernatural levels. As Paul put the matter, it is in Him alone that we live and move and have our being. The Creator is constantly pouring out existence into the creatures He has made. Else they could not subsist for a second. Supernaturally, too, it is true that He causes at every moment the whole of our grace-life. "I came that they have life, and have it more abun-dantly." 4 So dependent is man on this God for super-natural life that he utterly withers away once he is cut off from the divine source: "Abide in me, and I in you. As the branch cannot bear fruit of itself unless it remain on the vine, so neither can you unIess you abide in ~ne. I am the vine, you are the branches. He who abides in me, and I in him, he bears much fruit: for without me you can do nothing. If anyone does not abide in me, he shall be cast outside as the branch and wither." s It is important for us to realize that this Ions virus, this living fountain,6 pours out the divine life into our a l Cor 10:31
I Cor 6:20. We are using the Confraternity of Christian Doctrine translation except for the historical books of the Old Testament. For these latter we cite the Douay-Rheims version. ~Jn 10:10. ~ Jn 15:4-6. ~ Hymn, Vespers of Pentecost. 4. 4- + Indwelling God VOLUME 26, ~,967 207 4" 4" 4" Thoma~ Du~ay, $.M. REVIEW FOR RELIGIOUS being from within our being. The Holy Spirit does not dispense His gifts as a detached station operator might refuel a machine. He is most intimately within infusing sanctifying grace, infusing faith, hope, and charity and all the virtues, infusing His own gifts which render us responsive to the very motions by which He moves us. He is most intimately within dispensing His actual gra~ces ¯ which illumine our intellect with truth and inspire ou~ir will toward the good. It is difficult for us to appreciate a cause working from within, since our sense experience speaks to us only of causes that influence and produce effects on things external to them. We see a bat hit a ball and a pen write on paper. But the divine Trinity pro-duces the whole marvelous intricacy of our participated godly life from the intimate recesses of our soul. To know this inner fountain, then, and to live in vibrant touch with it surely lies at the heart of man’i~ supernatural life in the grace-glory plan. If all this be so, there is little danger of exaggeration in our insistence on the cruciality of the indwelling mystery in the Christian dispensation. The five truths we have just suggested even taken singly point unmistakably to the importance of our mystery. Taken collectively they should leave an indelible mark on the Christian soul. Quest Every man yearns because he is incomplete. He needs fulfillment. And he needs fulfillment because he is a creature, an inherently imperfect creature. Wise men yearn for God because He is complete, He is. fulfillment, He is Creator, He is perfect: "As the hind longs for the running waters, so my soul longs for you, 0 God. Athirst is my soul for God, the living God. When shall I go and behold the face of God?" 7 This longing quest is the story of these articles. The Christian soul is a searching soul or it is nothing at all. It begins by leaving and looking, leaving the world and looking for God..The sincere man or woman, clerica!, religious, or lay, is typically looking for more than earth can offer, and if ever in later life he is no longer a searcher, it is not because he has found completely but because he has .given up the hunt. God is such that He can still be sought even after He has been found. As the hind longs for the running waters, so do the faithful layman and religious and priest long for God. He is their health and their refreshment. Their souls are athirst for God, their living God, their triune God, their indwelling God. They desire union with Him, they yearn for His love, they long for His peace, they sigh for His! comfort, they pine for the vision of His face. * Ps 41:2L Preamble to Indwelling Contrary to a prevalent presumption we must point out that God did not reveal the divine indwelling in an unpre-pared suddenness. He first laid the foundation centuries before the Word appeared in visible form. He proceeded slowly, methodically, thoroughly. We propose to follow the divine pedagogy. Hence, this first article bears on the an-cient revelation regarding the remarkably warm and familiar God-and-man relationships.. Nature does not progress by discrete leaps. It proceeds gradually, smoothly, harmoniously, because its Author is wise, understanding, orderly, good.-Nature’s Author is one and the same as supernature’s Author, and so super-nature likewise proceeds gradually, smootMy, harmoni-ously. Being a part of the supernatural plan for man, divine revelation follows the pattern oi a gentle unfolding--like the bud of a rose. This is why the loving kindness of God lifts the curtain before the redemptive plan in the surpris-ingly general terms of an opposition between two offspring. Slowly He sharpens the message to a messiah born of a people, then a tribe, finally a maiden. Divine wisdom gradually prepares a crude people for an exquisite reality, the incarnation of the Word. And the Word, too, once He has appeared, exerdses an impressive restraint in letting even His intimates know who He is. God’s workings with men are smooth. So is it with our indwelling mystery. Were we to imagine that the astonishing declarations of the New Testament on the divine inhabitation through love struck the Jews as en-tirely strange, we would be gravely mistaken. Yet at the same time there must be no mistake about the fact that this revelation is astonishing. "If anyone love me, he will keep my word, and my Father will love him, and we will come to him and make our abode with hims .... Do you not know that you are the temple of God and that the Spirit of God dwells in you?" 9 When the Jews first heard of this sublime and touching familiarity with the Lord God, they may have been mystified, but we doubt that they were shocked. They had been gradually prepared to accept this new man-to-God intimacy by a whole series of instructions in the Pentateuch, the prophets, the Psalter and the wis-dom literature, instructions that slowly laid open the di. vine closeness to man. By these teachings the Hebrews had been conditioned to thinking of Yahweh as nearby, as warmly dwelling with His people
as taking up a habita. tion in their midst. It is this conditioning that we shall in-vestigate in the present article. ’ Jn 14:23. ’ I Cor 3:16. 4. 4. Indwelling God VOLUME 26, 1967 209 + ÷ ÷ Tlunn~ REVIEW FOR RELIGIOUS We, too, in the new dispensation need to be conditioned and gradually prepared by the ancient revelation if we are to appreciate more deeply the new. It is our opinion that treatises on the indwelling do not begin at the beginning. They usually fail to follow the divine pedagogy of gradual and smooth introduction. They often commence in medias res with an abstract scholastic analysis of New Testament texts, and understandably enough, a mystery, burning in itself, leaves the student cold and unimpressed. In this article we propose to explain the beautiful un-folding of the divine plan, not according to a chronological order, noi within the framework of a preconceived set of philosophical categories, but rather according to several doctrinal themes we have found imbedded in the sacred pages. We shall pursue this purpose according to the fol-lowing outline: A. Why a scriptural approach? B. Scriptural invitation to intimacy C. Omnipresence through immensity D. Omnipresence through omniscience E. Supernaturally familiar presences 1. Among the chosen people 2. In the Temple and on the Ark 3. Closeness to certain men F. Divine familiarity I. Mutual love theme 2. Tender concern theme 3. Sure refuge theme 4. Yearning for God theme 5. Delightful rest in God theme G. Summary Why a Scriptual Approach? "The word of God is living and efficient and keener than any two-edged sword, and extending even to the division of soul and spirit, of joints also and of marrow, and a discerner of the thoughts and intentions of the heart." 10 The relations of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit with humankind are marvelous mysteries. They are mar-velous, quite simply, because in the thoughtful man they incite marvel, admiration, wonder. They are mysteries because for any man they are secret, deep, unspeakable. It is only upon condition of listening to and accepting God’s word prayerfully that man can "be filled with knowledge of his will, in all spiritual wisdom and under-standing," al for, indeed, "we speak the wisdom of God, Heb 4:12. Col 1:9. mysterious, hidden, which God foreordained before the world unto our glory, a wisdom which none of the rulers of this world has known," 12 This God, then, is the sole source of His plan, since "the things of God no one knows but the Spirit of God." 13 The word of God is living, for it possesses a mysterious power of seeing and moving and impelling and inspiring that no other word possesses. It is keener than any two-edged sword, for it lays perfectly bare the inner heart of man. It is e~dent and keen, too, because it effortlessly lays open the divine plan insofar as it chooses. We turn our primary attention, therefore, to this word, first, in this article as it was spoken of old, and second, in our following articles, as it was uttered by the incarnate Word, for "God who at sundry times and in divers man-ners spoke in times past to the fathers by the prophets, last of a.ll in these days has spoken to us by his Son, whom he appointed heir of all things." 14 Because no man has ever seen God with a natural vision,15 because no man can naturally suspect any but a natural presence of God in His creation, it follows that no man can either attain or understand or unfold a su-pernatural presence except insofar as he draws his light from divine revelation. Speculative theology is good, but speculative theology is not philosophy. It may not the-orize in a vacuum. If we are to speculate on the in~twell-ing Trinity living and loving in the depths of our souls, we .must first sit humbly with Mary at the feet of the Word and listen to His word. The listening must be ob-servant, but it must also be humble and contemplative, since the Father does not reveal these things to the proud and the crafty but only to little ones.10 The indwelling of the Trinity is a marvelous, in-triguing mystery. But it is a mystery, and we may make no mistake about it. If, as Augustine observed, we think we understand God, it is not God. In theology we attairt clearly only our representation of God. And even the concept remaihs analogous, obscure, dark. Clarity is re-served for vision. If we hope to comprehend something of the marvel of God~in-us, we may speculate and reason only after we have drunk deeply of the sacred text and have made every effort to penetrate into its significance. This pro-cedure offers theorizing a solid basis. Drinking first from Scripture has the further ad-vantage of warming the heart as it enlightens the mind. " 1 Cor 2:7L ’" 1 Cor 2:1 I. a Heb I:IL "Jn 1:18. ’" Lk 10:21~9. IndwelHng God VOLUME 26, 1967 Thomo~ Dubwy, $~1. REVIEW FOR RELIGIOUS We shall be struck with the intimacy of the divine con-descension more than once as we explore the divine words about God’s presence among and within His people. Mere speculation can leave a man cold. God’s word does not. Scriptural Invitation to lntimacy A common misconception notwithstanding, one of the traits of the Old Testament, at once remarkable and comforting, is the degree of intimacy--and, yes, we may say tenderness--that the infinite God encourages between Himself and His creatures. This we must appreciate fully as a preparation for our understanding of the ia~dwelling mystery of evhngelical revelation. It seems to us that this mystery has been thought, spoken of, and written about too much with a spatial and local emphasis and too little with a stress on a love-bond between persons. We shall notice later how thoroughly the Sacred Scriptures of the new dispensation emphasize the knowing-loving-enjoy-ing themd in their presentation of the God-in-man mystery.. As the Gospels and Epistles present the indwell-ing they surely include the local presence of the Trinity in the just man, but they rather insist on personal rela-tionships and especially that of love. Because of this fact, the Old Testament is an invalu-able prelude and introduction to the mystery of. the Trinity abiding in man’s heart. Just as the divine famili-arity and affection were for the Hebrews’ a preparation for their appreciation of the divine inbeing of the Chris-tian economy, so is our study of this first step in divine revelation a foundation for our grasp of the supernatural order into which we were baptized2 Though the Hebrews were at best only dimly aware of an indwelling presence of God within their individual persons, yet they were vividly aware of their personal and familiar relationships with Him. God was utterly real to the Hebrew. He was close, interested, concerned with His people. He per-sonally intervened in their history and in their lives. This lesson they can and must teach us. To our mind the indwelling of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit in man’s soul is not primarily a question of place. These divine persons are substantially present every-where: in a speck of dust, a cucumber, a planet, a sinner, a saint. The mystery of the divine indwelling is primarily a matter of manner, and we may add~ a manner that is not to be explained adequately by the principles of scho-lastic theology, whether they be the principles of Bona-venture or Thomas or Suarez. These we gladly use, but only after we have learned our first lessons at the foun-tain of divine revelation. Hence, the importance of learning at the lips o£ God. We are convinced that we will understand the divine inbeing more accurately (and be far more inclined to live it) once we have seen the Father’s divine anxiety that man be intimate with Him. For what is the indwelling mystery but a simple consequence of the astounding con-descension of God’s love for man? How to present this divine anxiety as it is found in the Old Testament is a problem. And the problem is not how to find enough texts to prove a thesis, for we have not started out with a thesis but only with a desire to find out what God has to say about His familiar relations with man. Our problem is rather too many texts: how can one present only a fraction of the evidence without over-whelming or boring the reader? At the risk of artificiality--which we have tried to keep to a minimum--we have decided to deal with the divine-human intimacy of the old dispensation under the head-ing of themes that have frequently recurred in our inves-tigation. The Old Testament unmistakably presents God as "close" to some men and "far away" from others.l~ When, we should like to know, is God close to a man and when is he far off? When does He say to a man as He did to Moses, "you have found favor with me and you are my intimate friend"?xs We have found that He draws near to men in several general ways. These we subsume under the name of themes. Although the Hebrew did not distinguish in his thought patterns a natural from a supernatural presence of the Lord God, yet we find several streams of teaching that do as a matter of fact suppose this distinction. For this reason our first two themes bear on what modern theological and philosophical precision term the natural presence of God in His creation. Omnipresence through Immensity Even though the ancient Hebrew looked upon the Lord God as being near to some men and afar off from others, as shining upon some and hiding from others, yet he knew that this God of his was everywhere. Even though the Lord declared Himself especially present in some places, He was nonetheIess in every place when one really got down to asking the question,x~ The divine immensity was a familiar reality to the chosen people. To say that God is in heaven,s0 is to say that He is everywhere in His exalted majesty. He is repeatedly asked to hear from heaven the prayers of His people,~x See by way of illustration Ps 72:28 and Jer 31:3. Ex 33:17. 1 K 8:30. I K 8:30. 2 Chr 6:21,23,25X.7,30,35039. ÷ ÷ ÷ Indwelling God VOLUME 26, 1967 4" 4" 4. Thomas Dubay, $.M. REVIEW FOR RELIGIOUS and He is so immense that the heavens cannot contain Him.22 No matter where the evil go they cannot escape the punishing presence of this God: "Though they break through to the nether world, even from there my hand shall bring them out
though they climb to the heavens, I will bring them down." = Nothing is secret to Him Who is both close at hand and afar off. "Am I a God near at hand only, says the Lord, and not a God far off? Can a man hide in secret without my seeing him? says the Lord. Do I not fill both heaven and earth? says the Lord." 24 In a graphic manner the Psalmist well sums up the in-escapability of the Lord God: "Where can I go from your spirit? From your presence where can I flee? If I go up to the heavens, you are there. If I take the wings of the dawn, if I settle at the farthest limits of the sea, even there your hand shall guide me, and your right hand hold me fast." 25 As we might expect, the fullest Old Testament revela-tion of the divine immensity was given toward the end of the ancient dispensation. Written about a century be-fore Christ, the Book of Wisdom speaks not only of God’s presence to all things but also of His filling the world and being in all that He has made. "The spirit of the Lord fills the world, is all-embracing, and knows man’s utterance. Therefore, no one who speaks wickedly can go unnoticed." 20 "You spare all things, because they are yours, O Lord and lover of souls, for your imperishable spirit is in all things." 27 We may notice here an adumbra-tion of the new revelation in the conjoining of love and inbeing. Omnipresence through Omniscience Sensitive to the concrete order of the existential, the Hebrew knew well that the divine immensity is not inert, dead, indifferent filling of the universe. Even in the natu-ral order this God has a personal, dynamic contact with man. He keeps His eye especially on the rational crea-ture. We have progressed, therefore, a step further. Yah-weh not only is in all things
He has a personalized knowledge contact with everything that issues from His creating fingers, but especially with His human creations fashioned after His own image. Job lays down that all things lie open to the divine eye. "He beholds the ends of the earth and sees all that is under the heavens .... He splits channels in the rocks
His eyes behold all that is 1 K 8:27 and 2 Chr 6:18. Amos 9:2. Jer 23:23f. Ps 138:7-10. Wis I Wis 11:26-12: I. precious. He probes the wellsprings of the streams, and brings hidden things to light." 2s Susanna calls on the omniscience of her God as a witness to her innocence un-der accusation. "O eternal God, you know what is hidden and are aware of all things before they come to be: you know that they have testified falsely against me." z~ But more important still was the ancient Hebrew’s con-viction that his Lord God was interested in him, that He saw his every action, that every action had an importance before Him. This Lord searched the very heart of man. The first word of the Lord to come to the prophet Jeremiah was a word of personal divine interest shown through knowledge that preceded the prophet’s conception and consecrated him while he was yet unborn. This provident God looks upon all men, not only His select messengers. He witnesses their inner thoughts, ob-serves their hearts, understands their every deed and watches their every step. The spirit of this Lord fills the world and embraces all things. He can be named the Searcher of hearts and souls.3° We can already begin to see why the Hebrew felt so near to his God. Yahweh was not an omnipotent Creator who cared nothing for His creation, was uni
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John E. Downs was born on May 12, 1917. He served as a Democrat in the Missouri House for one term, 1957-1959, and in the Missouri Senate for two and a half terms, 1961-1971. Educated in law and a practicing attorney, Senator Downs had a reputation as a labor lawyer representing the interests of the working class and the little guy. For his most recent biographic entry, see the Official Manual of the State of Missouri, 1969-1970.I met Senator Downs in St. Joseph on an overcast morning in May, and proceeded to get acquainted during an interesting tour of the citys historic sites, including the remarkable cemetery. We eventually drove to his law office, appropriately located about St. Josephs AFL-CIO office. While professional, Senator Downs law firm had a very approachable air about it, which was matched by the Senators friendly and forthright manner itself. His particular office was filled with all sorts of papers and documents, and at times he searched through various of these collections for newspaper clippings or other data to illustrate a point. This activity especially characterizes the third of the three interview tapes. Although serious and filled with important information, the session was also informal and at times almost resembled an amiable conversation rather than an interview. At times Senator Downs employed an engaging style of parody that is hopefully indicated in the following transcript. The session was unfortunately cut short due to another interview I had scheduled for that afternoon.
An Interview with John E. Downs at his law office in St. Joseph, Missouri 14 May 1996 interviewed by Will Sarvis Oral History Program The State Historical Society of Missouri © 1996 Collection C3929 Politics in Missouri a.c. 31-33 NOTICE 1) This material is protected by copyright law (Title 17, U.S. Code). It may not be cited without acknowledgment to The Oral History Program of the State Historical Society of Missouri and the Western Historical Manuscript Collection, a Joint Collection of the University of Missouri and the State Historical Society of Missouri. Citations should include: [name of interviewee], [name of the interviewer], [date and place of interview], [audio recording or transcript], and [where it can be found, for example, The Oral History Program of the State Historical Society of Missouri, Politics in Missouri Oral History Project]. 2) Reproductions of this transcript are available for reference use only and cannot be reproduced or published in any form (including digital formats) without written permission from the Western Historical Manuscript Collection. 3) Use of information or quotations from any Politics in Missouri Oral History Project transcript indicates agreement to indemnify and hold harmless the University of Missouri, the State Historical Society of Missouri, their officers, employees, and agents, and the interviewee from and against all claims and actions arising out of the use of this material. For further information, contact: Western Historical Manuscript Collection 23 Ellis Library University of Missouri Columbia, MO 65201-5149 PREFACE John E. Downs was born on May 12, 1917. He served as a Democrat in the Missouri House for one term, 1957-1959, and in the Missouri Senate for two and a half terms, 1961-1971. Educated in law and a practicing attorney, Senator Downs had a reputation as a “labor lawyer” representing the interests of the working class and “the little guy.” For his most recent biographic entry, see the Official Manual of the State of Missouri, 1969-1970. I met Senator Downs in St. Joseph on an overcast morning in May, and proceeded to get acquainted during an interesting tour of the city’s historic sites, including the remarkable cemetery. We eventually drove to his law office, appropriately located about St. Joseph’s AFL-CIO office. While professional, Senator Downs’ law firm had a very approachable air about it, which was matched by the Senator’s friendly and forthright manner itself. His particular office was filled with all sorts of papers and documents, and at times he searched through various of these collections for newspaper clippings or other data to illustrate a point. This activity especially characterizes the third of the three interview tapes. Although serious and filled with important information, the session was also informal and at times almost resembled an amiable conversation rather than an interview. At times Senator Downs employed an engaging style of parody that is hopefully indicated in the following transcript. The session was unfortunately cut short due to another interview I had scheduled for that afternoon. The interview was recorded on 3M AVX60 audio cassettes (normal bias), using a Marantz PMD-222 manual recorder (set on automatic recording level) and a Shure VP64 omnidirectional microphone attached to a floor stand. A fairly violent thunderstorm created some interferring noise, but these passages of the recording nevertheless remain quite understandable. Otherwise the recording is of generally high quality. The following transcript represents a faithful rendering of the entire oral history interview. Minor stylistic alterations -- none of factual consequence -- have been made as part of a general transcription policy. Any use of brackets [ ] indicates editorial insertions not found on the original audio recordings. Any use of parentheses ( ) indicates a spoken aside evident from the speaker's intonation. Double dashes [--] are also used as a stylistic method in an attempt to capture nuances of dialogue or speech patterns. Words are italicized when emphasized in speech, and bold-faced when heavily emphasized in speech. Exclamation points [ ! ] are also used, when applicable, in an attempt to capture emphasized or enthusiastic speech. In an effort to avoid cluttering the transcript with brackets, details surrounding complete proper names are not always found in the transcript itself, though the index always contains their fullest possible spelling. And although substantial care has been taken to render this transcript as accurately as possible, any remaining errors are the responsibility of the editor, Will Sarvis. JD = John E. Downs
WS = Will Sarvis 1 Will Sarvis (WS): I'm in St. Joseph, MO where I am interviewing the Honorable John E. Downs, who served in both the Missouri House and the Missouri State Senate for a total of twelve years, I believe. Two years in the House and ten years in the Senate. John Downs (JD): Yes, that's right. WS: If you like, maybe you could just tell us a little bit about where you were born and grew up, and stuff, before you got into politics. JD: Well, we're sitting here in St. Joseph, Missouri in my office, Will. Glad to have you come up. I was born in this town seventy-nine years ago. My birthday was this week. I'm a product of the Depression Era, really. I remember the Depression Era because it seared my soul, and my dad's. My dad had to go through bankruptcy. He was the owner of the Hotel Roubidoux (which has been torn down now, but it was a block up the street). I grew up as a very privileged person and then I went from being the son of the owner to hopping bells and holding out my hand for a dime. And I remember Dad sold the big Packard (he had to sell the big Packard), and he sold it to a colored band. It was big enough [laughs] so they could get everything in but the tuba. That's a leveling experience, and I think it affected me. Everything you do as a child affects your view. I went to the parochial schools, the Sisters and then to the Christian Brothers. The Christian Brothers is no longer in existence. There is a Catholic high school here called Le Blond named for Bishop Le Blond, who lived up the street from us in a big old house. Then I went to the junior college. And we had some very good teachers -- Miss Bloom, Mr. Poppelwell
some others who greatly influenced me, for the better, I think. Then I wound up in the Marine 2 JD = John E. Downs
WS = Will Sarvis Corps. There's the DFC [Distinguished Flying Cross] hanging on the wall. I'm proud of that. Somewhere in this room, I've got a picture of me and Colonel Charles A. Lindburgh, and he wrote about me in the War Time Journals of Charles Lindburgh. Right behind you is -- look at that. Do you know what that's made from, that picture of that woman? WS: Butterfly feathers. JD: Butterfly wings. You can buy them for a shilling on the streets of Nairobi. So, when I was the president's appointee with the rank of minister -- I sound like I'm writing my obituary -- why, one of the places where I was stationed for awhile was in Africa, so that's where I bought that. I bought a lot of them and gave them away. Looking back at it, I should have bought several hundred of them and taken them to the gift shops. [laughs] I'd tell people that they only cost a quarter. Those pictures on the wall there [gestures to other of the room’s artwork] -- you buy them just on the street in Montreal. I was stationed in Montreal and that was where the headquarters of ICAO, The International Civil Aviation Organization, (the acronym is ICAO). Those were just pictures I bought because I liked them. The great education that you get in the international body. You learn something, and you learn something from your contemporaries, your peers. I guess I learned more in ICAO in the five years I was there than any other five years in my life. But you came up to talk about Missouri, and here I am -- WS: That’s alright. JD: You know what the definition of a bore is? JD = John E. Downs
WS = Will Sarvis 3 WS: What? JD: Somebody that talks about himself when you want to talk about yourself. [laughter from both parties] JD: As you can see, I can sit here hogging the conversation. WS: No, that's the idea, that's the idea. JD: That's a picture of the ICAO Council. Over here [gestures toward a framed montage of Missouri state legislators], the reason that we're having our meeting is, I was in the legislature in l970, among other years, and those are the Senate Officers. So many of them are dead now. My favorites were -- the gifted public servant in that group was A. Clifford Jones. WS: I see him. JD: His motivation was always what is best for the people. I liked him very much. I think -- we were discussing it before you turned on the machine -- I think that in broadbrush, the House and the Senate, that a third of the members are crooks. [tape meter, 50] And then you get the difference between black and white. Where does ignorance stop and sabotage start? The net result is the same to the beneficiaries of the ignorance or the sabotage, but a third of them fall into that group. The other third are kind of well-meaning guys. And, then there is a third who are dedicated, and work hard and want things to be better. That was true in the House and it was true in the Senate. It didn't take long to know who was on the take. But again, the difficulty of the “take” is what are your predilections? I was very fond of . . . oh, the little guy from St. Louis
Ed . . . 4 JD = John E. Downs
WS = Will Sarvis WS: Ed Long? JD: No, no. I liked Ed Long. WS: Oh, Linehan? JD: Yes, Edward Linehan. I think he had the quickest, and best, and sharpest mind in the Senate. Genius of a little guy. I know his father was killed in the old Eagen's Rats Days, the gangsters in St. Louis. Ed's mother received money from an anonymous source growing up, so that he could go to school. He was a lawyer, and I was very fond of Linehan. Are you going to get a chance to see him? WS: If I could, I'd like to. Didn't he go on and become a Pipefitters boss or something? JD: Well
no, Edward represented the Hotel Workers and some other unions. I'm sure you could hunt around in St. Louis and find him, because people would know Ed. But I haven't contacted him in many years, but he was fiscally honest, and almost a movie-type background. WS: Yes. JD: Yes. You see that in the old black and white flicks, but that's where he came from. And I liked him very much. I was very fond of -- he's now deceased -- oh, a lot of the guys I liked. Some of them, I didn't care much for. I was very fond of Senator [Theodore] McNeal, the first black senator. He had been President of the Pullman Porters, and I remember a guy came in to see me one day from north Missouri, where we have an Amish community. Some people call them the Plain People -- buggies and so on -- right up here at Jamesport. You can drive up there in an hour and a half, an interesting place. He came in to see me and he said, "Now Senator,” he said, “I've figured out a way to get JD = John E. Downs
WS = Will Sarvis 5 rid of the Plain People. You know they're not like us." I said, "Oh, well, I know that." He said, "What we'll do, nobody hardly ever travels by buggy, but these people have to travel by buggy. What we'll do is, we'll impose a tax on buggies. Then they'll all have to move someplace else." That sounds kind of like the way that the Mormons got treated in Missouri. So, I said, "Now, there's a minority person here who understands problems like that.” I said, “I don’t handle it. I want you to go around and see Senator McNeal and you explain to him how you're going to handle it." [laughs] So, pretty soon Senator McNeal came to my office and said, "Oh, you son of a bitch." I said, "Well, Ted, I just thought maybe you'd want to handle a minority problem, being minority yourself." And we used to needle Ted. If he did something we approved of, we'd say, "Oh, Ted, that was very white of you." [laughs] He was a great contributor. He was a friend of Governor [Warren] Hearnes. But, in the House -- let's see -- the guys that I knew there are all dead. I went to the House after I left the office of Prosecuting Attorney. I ran for Congress. It took three days in a recount to find out I got beat. [tape meter, 100] I ran for Congress and spent a total of $l,500 dollars. My life would have been different had I won that, then I would have moved up in a different direction. I think in politics, Will, that you ought to move up or out. The career state politicians get into an awful rut. When I went to the House, the salary was $l25 dollars a month, and I think you got $5 dollars a day per diem, but only for the first sixty days. So, then we got involved in this great dispute as to whether or not the elected House and Senate of the state -- whether or 6 JD = John E. Downs
WS = Will Sarvis not you should earn more. They said if we pay more, then the people there won't be as greedy or as tempted to take favors from industry. There's an argument on both sides. Of course, lawyers are not popular as a group, and often they'd say, "Well, he's a lawyer" or "It's a lawyer's bill" to try to hang a sinister meaning on a piece of legislation. I was opposed to the pay raise because -- and I think I'm right, looking back at it now -- the people who are careering in the legislature get so they need the job. That's the money that pays for the braces on Susie's teeth. That's the money that makes the car payments, and they need the job. When I was there at $l25 dollars a month, you needed that job like you needed a hole in the head. We've talked about continual pay raises, perhaps upping the ante for the per diem because things sure as hell cost more now in the '90s than they did in the '50s, '60s and '70s. The other thing that they did wrong, and I opposed it, was the annual sessions. That's wrong, and the reason that it's wrong is that it just keeps you down there and the special interest bills get a chance to come up over and over again. I'll give you an example. I called it the Avis -- meaning, after the Avis-Hertz [Company] -- Bill. At the rental car companies. Every year they would offer that bill to say that if you did not return your car, your chattel, or anything -- a lawnmower, or the tools that you rent from the United Rental people (anybody), that if you did not return it you were presumed to be guilty of theft, a felony. And the reason Avis and Hertz wanted that is they wanted, when the car didn't return on time, instead of them recovering it, to have the taxpayers recover it, utilizing the long arm of all of the law. Then grab the guy and throw his ass in the can because he didn't return his car on time, or his lawnmower, or his hand saw. I opposed JD = John E. Downs
WS = Will Sarvis 7 that. Every year I got up on the floor and we were able to defeat it. It was Kenny Rothman's bill. Sure enough, the year I left, it passed. Here in St. Joe, I saw where some poor guy didn't bring back something to the Rent-All Company and the over-zealous prosecutors dragged his ass into the state court on a felony and he was found guilty. This is wrong. [tape meter, 150] I can remember Cliffy Jones and I defeated the Missouri State Flag Bill. That was the one where they provided that every flag pole of a state building that flies the American Flag would fly the Missouri State Flag. “After all,” the proponents said, "they do it in Texas." It also provided that the flag would have to be made from Missouri cotton. Cliffy and I (he's a Republican, I'm a Democrat), we led the charge against that. [laughs] They got mad at us. There's the Pink Boll Weevil Bill, and it cost a lot of money. You inspect the cotton for the pink boll weevil which is damaging cotton. Missouri is a cotton state, too. Did you know that? WS: Sure. JD: Ton of cotton, yes. Edward Linehan used to refer to those people in the cotton belt as the "rustics," and we alienated the rustics. I think the reason that the rustics -- or what I called, to the annoyance of the rustic representatives, what I call “gimme counties.” And a “gimme county” is a county which gets a lot more in state revenue than it contributes. There are a lot of gimme counties. The argument gets down to the level of, they just turn then at the table and say, "We're feeding you." And that entitles them to what, I regard, as a disproportionate sum. But, there are two sides to that argument, too. Do we ignore 8 JD = John E. Downs
WS = Will Sarvis our brothers because they're bedraggled? I don't think so. But do you throw money at the problem? I hope we don't do that. We do do it. Schools, for example. So, where are we now? WS: In this urban / rural kind of tension, it sounds like you definitely consider yourself an urban senator. JD: Oh, yes. For example, Ted and I, Ted McNeal and I -- and St. Louis is a classic example. Kenlock, I think that's the name of the district (the school district), they get their money for the tax base on residences and so on. So does Creve Coeur. Look at the difference in the amount of money that goes to Creve Coeur -- to the kids there -- and the kids who go to Kenlock, who are primarily black. It raises a serious constitutional question of equal treatment under the law. The rich get richer and the poor get poorer. Yes, that's a hell of a problem -- how we handle . . . Creve Coeur actually is French for “broken heart,” isn't it? WS: I don't know. JD: Yes, sure. I think, as in Sacre Coeur, you know, in Paris. That's the Sacred Heart and Creve Coeur is the Broken Heart. It's the French expression for the broken heart of the Mother of Jesus. But, you can also stretch it to broken heart in a couple of other directions. You know, Creve Coeur is a right prosperous part of St. Louis County. I copied the phrase, "the rustics" from Senator Linehan. WS: So, did you find yourself often aligned, perhaps, with senators from St. Louis or Kansas City as opposed to outstate senators? JD = John E. Downs
WS = Will Sarvis 9 JD: Yes, I think so. Their views were more similar to mine. They told the story on a senator from Christian County that when they were -- you've seen that room where they have the caucuses, the Senate Caucus Room, in the Capitol Building? [tape meter, 200] WS: No. JD: Well, you've got to roam around in there some day. That was when they were having the appropriations for a new chandelier. I'm not sure this story's true, could be. The senator from Christian County got up and said, "In the first place,” he said, “nobody knows how to play a chandelier, and also, that room is too dark." [laughs] He's dead now, but I remember Sorkis Webbe. Sorkis Webbe got in big trouble. Sorkis Webbe was -- and his son got in trouble in St. Louis. There was a tie up there with the underworld. But, I liked Sorkis. I remember he was fighting for money for the museum, for the library. Someone asked Sorkis how long it had been since he'd been in a museum and he said, "I've never been there, but I know they've got books." I remember, he was a great gambler and they nailed him in Las Vegas and they found his marker. Do you know what a marker is? Well, a marker is the name of the document upon which they put your credit at a gambling house, and his markers said, "Sorkis" on them, just "Sorkis." When the press inquired about that, he said, "It must have been some other ‘Sorkis.’" You never saw the movie of Shirley Temple and Little Miss Marker? That's where the gambler in the movie put up his daughter, who was Shirley Temple, as a marker to agree to pay his losses at the bookie. That word has disappeared from the scene, I guess. WS: I guess. 10 JD = John E. Downs
WS = Will Sarvis JD: [laughs] That's too bad. WS: Talking about the underworld, I guess you were well acquainted with Senator [Michael] Kinney, and Ed Hogan and those -- JD: Hogan was just ahead of me. I hate to malign the deceased, but Senator Kinney, he was an old crook. His fair wage, or fair pricing, that he used to introduce -- either himself or introduce the cat’s paw - - so that he could defeat it every year and get his retainer from [the] Stixbayer [Department Store] and those people. I don't know why they didn't see through it, but I guess they figured it was safer to pay off than it was to rely on the rest of us. No Hogan -- that was just before I got there. WS: How about, do you remember Senator Brancato? He was from Kansas City. JD: Jasper. WS: Right. JD: I was very fond of Jasper. Jasper had a beautiful daughter who was an equestrian, and he ran a grocery store in Kansas City. His bitter hatred was for green stamps. Jasper hated them. Jasper had friends in the underworld. WS: So I've heard. JD: Yes, I remember. This actually happened. [laughs] We were standing in the back of the senate floor one day and somebody said, "Jasper, how are you going to vote on this bill?" And, he said, "I don't know. I haven't been told yet." But, I liked him very much. [tape meter, 250] Jasper didn't swing a very wide swath. He was just there and you could anticipate his votes. I'm a great civil libertarian and I'm very strongly opposed to such bills as creating JD = John E. Downs
WS = Will Sarvis 11 the Missouri Department of Investigation. That kind of a crowd is just absolutely going to wire tap when they shouldn't and cater to the "law and order" crowd, which means to hell with the Constitution and the Bill or Rights. So, for reasons other than Jasper's, I always said, "Whoa, let us not come close to attacking the presumption of innocence." That you're presumed to be innocent, you have a right to confront your accusers, you have a right to remain mute, you have a right to counsel of your choosing. Everybody wants to get rid of that now. They say, "Well, we know they're all crooks. They're just staying out on a technicality." The technicality is a privilege found in the Constitution and Bill of Rights. That's what a technicality is. I remember I was particularly scornful of the St. Louis Globe-Democrat, the dishonesty of the paper, Duncan Bauman and the right wing nuts that they ran. They characterized me as "the friend of the drunk" because I opposed the difficult punitive bills which concerned themselves with drunken driving. For example, the way the bill passed, if you had actually pled guilty to drunken driving the day you graduated from college, twenty-five years later you're a repeater if you get caught on the way home from the Elks Club. That's punitive. That's goofy. And it still goes on. They keep lowering the percentage of alcohol on your breath, for which you're presumed to be intoxicated. Highly questionable. But, they hound you. I think the real problem, Will, is the tyranny of the minority. I want you to imagine that you're running [for political office], and they say, "Will, they did the poll now. You’re neck and neck, you're very close." Now, I'll make this ridiculous. They say, "There's a bill up that provides that it's mandatory for you to take your dog to the 12 JD = John E. Downs
WS = Will Sarvis veterinarian and have such and such a shot provided." You say, "Well, I talked to my veterinarian and he says that's not necessary." "Yes, but the veterinarians all want it. Everybody will have to come in and the shot's going to be fifteen bucks. I want to ask you this, Will, do you want your opponent's card and propaganda to be in every veterinary shop in this town?” In this town there are -- oh I don't know, look in the yellow section -- maybe twenty-five vets. [tape meter, 300] “Why don't you go on ahead and withdraw your opposition to the mandatory inoculation, and then they all won't be on your ass?" In a more practical way, what are you going to do with the single-issue people, the right to life, the right to freedom of choice, the guns? These people do control -- and can deliver -- a certain tiny percentage [of votes]. But your advisors say to you, "Now, Will, are you going to stay with this position? Can't you do more good if you just bend a little bit and agree, for Christ's sake, to go for it?" What do you do? "You want all the banks on your ass?" I had them on mine. I was the bank basher, and I was. I still am a bank basher. For example, in just this most recent session of the legislature, the one on right now, one of those senators from Kansas City had a bill that he wanted the ATM cards to not be placed on the premises of the gambling halls. It got beat. Why? Obviously, the gambling halls have a lot of money despite all of this nonsense about not being controlled by the Las Vegas crowd and so on. They'll kick into your campaign. Somebody said, "Well, why don't you shut up and go along? They're going to kick in big. Sure, the people are getting screwed. Sure, gambling is a social evil, but you're not going to JD = John E. Downs
WS = Will Sarvis 13 change the world, Will. Let them have the ATM card." That's the world we're in. It's kind of hard to stand there and speak your mind, or cop out. You abstain. You explain that you were sick that day. I think you're in a difficult situation because you have to watch the legislature in action. You have to sit there. Here we are in the last week, aren't we? I think right now. They'll pass some crap this week. Everybody is angry now at the children. They all want to prosecute the children as adults. I can't go along with that. The real problem is the dishonesty and the slanting of the news stories. Here in this town, the Bradley Family has, for three generations, run the newspaper. They're a cancer on the town. [tape meter, 350] You go along with them or they destroy you. Who was it that -- I haven't read it
I want to -- Blood Sport. Have you read Blood Sport? WS: No. JD: I think that's the book, I heard the reviews on it, that Vincent Foster, who took his own life, said that the destruction of reputation of people in politics is a blood sport. WS: Right. JD: And I think that's what created that expression. [end of side 1, tape I
tape meter, 360] JD: . . . would you have to take? How much can I give you to satisfy. WS: Well, as much as you like. JD: No, you've got your job. What the hell. 14 JD = John E. Downs
WS = Will Sarvis WS: I've got some questions. I wondered
one thing you witnessed while you were in the Senate -- three different Presidents Pro Tem -- Senator [Albert] Spradling, Senator [John] Joynt, and Senator [Earl] Blackwell. And I just wondered if you'd care to compare, contrast, maybe, the style and effectiveness of these three? JD: Senator Spradling is a tool of the banking interests. [laughs] I kind of liked old Albert, but when push came to shove, he always came down on the side of the banks and the vested interests. If Albert had a bill -- I wouldn't suggest that Albert took money, but that's where he was. That's the side of the economic periphery where you found Albert, on the side of the banks and the lending institutions. Yes, Albert was -- that's where he was. I would nearly always be opposed to the bills that he sponsored. When the vote came down, you wouldn't have to guess how Albert was going to vote, or how I was going to vote. Depending on your constituency, which one of us was right? Senator Joynt, there's his picture up there. I liked John Joynt. He'd been a circuit judge and the St. Louis political crowd liked Senator Joynt. And in most instances, he and I were on the same side. I think that there was some undue influence on the part of -- not the steelworkers, but the plumbers -- what were they called? WS: The Pipefitters? JD: The Pipefitters. I think they had undue influence on John Joynt. But the Senate was a better place with John than without him, yes. He wasn't a statesman, but he was a decent guy. He had a sense of the problems of the unwashed, as opposed to the overwashed. He saw that problem. Most people don't. JD = John E. Downs
WS = Will Sarvis 15 WS: I understand -- Senator Blackwell told me you were in on sort of a conspiracy to keep him as president pro tem an extra day longer [laughs], and the day they were getting ready to oust him, he moved that the bill be put on the table and you seconded it or something -- it was just a game he was telling me about. JD: Well, yes. I liked Senator Blackwell very much and that was a time when Governor Hearnes didn't keep a commitment to Earl. By and large, I liked Warren Hearnes, but he sometimes fell under pressure that I didn't think was appropriate. Yes, we did that, and then Blackwell led the -- one of the few times we had a filibuster. Blackwell led the filibuster -- he and I and Bob Young. But, Blackwell was the principle in the filibuster. I remember they always said that “we will never move the previous question.” Well, by God, they did move the previous question -- the question being, "All those in favor, vote ‘aye’ and opposed, vote ‘no.’" Then you debate the merits. But, when someone gets up and can get the floor, and says, "Now, Mr. President, I move the previous question," that means vote “aye” or “no.” That's a non-debatable subject, or motion. So they did move the previous question, and so they did pass the tax measure. I was for Blackwell. I was against the tax measure. But Young -- Bob Young, who went to the House of Representatives -- and Blackwell and I would stand up. The procedure of the Senate said you'd stand there and the presiding officer would say, "For what purpose does the Senator from Buchanan arise?" Then, I would say, "It is to interrogate the Senator from Hillsboro." So, then all I had to do to continue the filibuster was to say, "Senator, let me ask you this. Are you familiar with the following propositions?" [tape meter, 50] 16 JD = John E. Downs
WS = Will Sarvis Then, I would read the Constitution and the Bill of Rights. That's a hell of a long time. Then, if he said he wasn't familiar, I'd say, "Well, let's go over them again." That drives them crazy. I remember Earl had a book in his hand called, Solomon's Yoke. I don't know what the book was about, but when he ran out of something to say, he would turn and read the title of the book, Solomon's Yoke. And that was a signal for me to get up and interrogate him so he could sit down
or Bob Young. No one else. You see, after you ask for the floor -- and Earl had the floor (Senator Blackwell had the floor) -- then the presiding officer would have to say to him, "Do you yield?" I said, "Yes, I'll yield to senator from Buchanan and not Albert Spradling." He said, "No, but I'm not going to yield to him," because Spradling wouldn't move something. I think it was Spradling that moved the previous question, which was wrong. You know, it cut off debate. That again, is the purpose of debate -- to delay a matter, or the purpose to delay is to seek the truth. It all depends on how you wanted the game to come out. [laughs] WS: Right. Was it just the three of you, Senator Blackwell, Senator Young and yourself against the thirty-one others? JD: Oh, well, the measure finally passed. Oh, no. One of the expressions in the Senate is, “It takes eighteen votes to pass a bill.” Used to say, "You've got the arguments, you've got the rationale. We've got the votes."
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Issue of a furniture trade magazine published weekly in Grand Rapids, Mich, starting in 1879.
r;. // ... ~ ?/l{ # / / A " GRAND RAPIDS, MICH., NOVEMBER 19. 1910 SLIGH FURNITURE COMPANY The Largest Manufacturersof CHAMBER FURNITURE EXCLUSIVELY IN THE WORLD Catalogue to Prospective Customers. GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. DINING FURNITURE THAT IS "RIGHT" IN DESIGN, CONSTRUCTION, FINISH AND PRICE HAS BEEN ONE OF THE STRONG FEATURES OF THE "EFF and EFF" LINE for a Long Time. This Beautiful Suite is a money maker. Write for price. ROCKFORD FRAME and FIXTURE COMPANY ROCKFORD, ILLINOIS SQUARE POST STEEL BEDS We manufac-ture a very complete line of Metal Beds and Cribs, all steel springs, woven wIre mattresses, Metal Couches and Daven-ports, Cots and Hospital Furniture. Buy beds equipped with the Standard Rev. Rail. They are strong and prevent the bed from wabbling. SEND US YOUR ORDERS. are very popular and should be ready sellers durinlr the Holiday Trade. No. 984. BRASS CAPS. Order this Bed in Vernis Mar-tin Satin Brass Finish (Color 19). No extra charge. You will be convinced of its selling qualities. Stock Color-White. Vernis Martin to order. PILLARS and FILLING SQUARE TUBING PIllars 2 m. Top and Boltom Tubes I Y2 m FIllmg I m Head 60 In Foot 40 In SIzes, 3 ft 6 In and 4 ft. 6 m. Shlppmg weight 154 lbs. Iron beds wIll be shIpped m whIte unl .. s otherwIse ordeled. Price $15 If our No. 35 Catalogue has not been received notify us. SMITH & DAVIS MFG. CO., S1. Louis, Mo. WEEKLY ARTISAN 1 Beautiful Bird's Eye Maple JUST THE THING TO DELIGHT THE LADIES AT CHRISTMAS! There is nothing quite so dainty-so feminine-so charm-ing for Christmas, as a Bird's Eye Maple Dressing Table. Light, airy and cheerful, it goes to the hearts of the ladies, and it is the ONLY LIGHT-COLORED FURNI-TURE THAT IS ALSO HIGHLY ARTISTIC. The NORTHERN has made Maple a leading line ever since starting in business. We are in the heart of the Maple country, where the finest Ma-ple in the world grows, and with our standard lines, using Maple as a base, we are able to pick ONLY THE CHOIC-EST PIECES for N at u r a I Map I e finishes. Therefore, when you buy Natural Bird's Eye Maple from the NORTH-ERN, you are sure of the creme de la creme-the finest In the country. But you must have artistic shapes too-the airy beauty of Bird's Eye Maple is completely lost if it is not made up in beautiful designs. We also give you moderate prices. That is what will sell with you-beautiful wood, designs and workmanship, at moderate prices, coupled with PROMPT DELIVER Y (and that means everything when you get near Christmas-nobody beats us at that part of the game). No. 1152 Dresser. Made in Oak, Mahogany and Bird',·eye Maple. No. 1191 Dressing Table. Made in Oak. MahoKany ""d Bird', Eye Maple. Full information given in courteous letters about anything that interests you. Write us frankly, freely. Northern Furniture Company SHEBOYGAN, WISCONSIN 2 WEEKLY ARTISAN ,. ..,I LUCE FURNITURE COMPANY iII ,Iff II II II IfIffIII I II III I I j I, GRAND RAPIDS, MICH. Manufacturers of COMPLETE lines of MEDIUM PRICED DINING and CHAMBER FURNITURE. Catalogues to Dealers Only. ._--------_._----- -------- -4 High Grade Office Chairs Dining Chairs Odd Rockers and Chairs Desk and Dresser Chairs Slipper Rockers Colonial Parlor Suites Luce-Redmond Chair Co.,Ltd. I BIG RAPIDS, MICH. In Dark and Tuna Mahogany Bmf J Ey Maple Btrch ~uartered Oak and CtrcaJJtan Wamut Our Exhibit you will find on the Fourth Floor, East Section, MANUFACTURERS'BUILDING, North Ionia Street GRAND RAPIDS, MICI1IGAN Exhibit in charge of J. C. HAMILTON, C. E. COHOES,]. EDGAR FOSTER. 31st Year-No. 21 GRAND RAPIDS. MICH.• NOVEMBER 19.1910 Issued Weekly RATIO OF SALES TO SALESMEN'S WAGES Many Things Must Be Considered in Determining What Percentage Would Be Fair to Employers and Employes. The PaCIfic Coast l\lerchant, 111ItS November number, tackles an Important sub] ect, the ratIO of sales to salesmen's wages, on whIch It says. The questIOn of V\ hat should be the ratIO of the salesman's salary to hIS qles IS a th111g that pULZles many merchants, and few there are who have ever been able tD satIsfactorIly answer It. It IS a que;,tIOn whIch, as a rule, every merchant hImself must answer The CIrcumstances that govern the sell111g abilI-tIes of clerks 111retaIl stores throughout the country are so varied that no outSIder should feel hImself competent to 111StruCt a merchant as tD the relatIve WOIth of the dIfferent clerks in his employ Let us enumerate a few of the contingencIes upon whIch such matters depend' Some clerks may be, comparatively speaking, poor sales-men, yet be ver) valuable in other ways, such as keep111g track of and tak111g care of stock, unpack111g and shelv111g goods, etc Others clerks may be lazy and Idle at all times whIle not engaged 111vva1t111gon customers, but may be excellent salesmen. Agd111, whIle some clerks may sell more goods than others, the clerks whose sales are small in amount may have a trade "of theIr own," whIch they have bwught to the store and could take away WIth them If they went elsewhere. Also there are clerks whose work may have no especial feat-ures to apprecIate or deprecIate its value, and yet their invariable courtesy, attentIOn to bus111ess and general demeanor are such as to make them of great serVIce 111bUIldmg and keepmg up the store's general reputatIOn What outsider can say Just how much-111 dollars and cents-these things are worth to the in-dIVIdual merchant? N ow, to come to more speCIfic items These five thmgs must also be taken mto account: (a) Your total weekly and mDnthly busmess, (b) how many clerks you have; (c) whether they are men or women; (d) what proportIOn of your business is done m shoes, dry goods, furniture, etc ; (e) your store hours, etc. If you have too many clerks, surely you cannot expect each to sell as much as If you had Just enough to handle the business that your store generally does As to the dIfferent lInes of bus mess : YDU well know that we need not enter into detail. Surely there are some functions in store work whICh m most cases women never perform, and VIce versa, and the salarIes are adjusted accordmgly As to the dIfferent 1111esof busL1ess You well know that amounts of "ales are altogether chfferent m dIfferent lInes An excellent salesman 111notIOns can rarely, If ever, sell as much dur-mg a month as the same grade of sdlesman stationed m the cloak and SUIt department, for example All over the country there are merchants who pay clerks all the way from 1 to 10 per cent, accordmg to the CIrcumstances. Kow It IS easy to strIke an average and to say' "Sell111g expense 5 per cent, ' but that by no means proves that you can, should, or would pay your clerks on that baSIS. On Saturday, October 21, last, m an Ill1110is "country" store, one of the clerks m the cloak and SUIt department sold $375 worth of goods, and thIS, we are told, happens frequently. We do not know what salary thIS clerk receIves Other clerks 111the store, who worked Just as hard as he chd on that day, may have sold only half as much-111 amount-as he dId. In some other departments only one-tenth as much How can any Dne but the storekeeper hll11self determ111e accurately whIch salary each of these clerks deserves? Some merchants find that the average cost to them for sell- 111ggoods is 5 per cent Others find It 6 per cent, and others find It stIll more One firm m Georgia, which put theIr sellIng force on commISSIOn, Dffered theIr saleswomen G per cent and theIr salesmen 7/'i per cent. At the tll11e they had four women and three men. The average weekly earmngs of the women reached $9 to $18 and of the men $10 to $20. To sum uP' Each merchant endeavors as far as possible, tD do Justice to hIS clerks (and to hImself) by basmg their sal-aries not solely upon the amount Df theIr total sales As saId, a clerk's experIence, courteous bearmg, willingness to render general serVIce, knowledge of stock, acquaintance WIth custo-mers, stand111g 111SOCIety, etc, are all taken mtD account by fix- 111gupon his worth to the store that employs hIm. Last, but by no means least, the cost of IIvmg and the meth-ods of d0111gbusmess are so dIfferent 111some places fwm what they are in others that there IS no rule whIch can be saId to hold good ul11versally. We present hereWIth a lIst WhICh was recently made up by the deputy office manager of a well-known large department 4 Art Goods 6 Blankets and Comfortables. . . . . . . . . .. 4 Trunks .. .. . 7 Sporting Goods .. .. 7 Wrappers............... .. 5 Furmture and Beddlllg .. . . .. 3 PIctures . . . . . . . . . . . .. 40 Rugs 3 China and Glassware , .. 4 Sewlllg Machines . 5 Candy .. , , ~ G Soda I'ountain .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 5 PIanos 1 Sheet ]\1USIC. . . . . . . .. . 5 Patterns. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . .. . 5 Phonographs .. . . . .. 1 J\Ieats . 5 FIsh. .. . . .. . .. 5 CIgars .. , " 5 WEEKLY ARTISAN $18.50 MARVEl; ODS PER DOZEN Full Box Seat. Otd. Oak. Genuine Leather Seat. No. 702 rj/arlollfallufactlJrJllR ra, Grand Rapjds.1'1ich. store that caters to the popular trade, glVlllg hIS 0plillOn as to what percentage of sales should represent the ~alanes of the salesmen in various lines: HosIery. . . . .. . . G Women's and Children's Knit Undemear G Men's Furnishlllgs and ShIrt, . G Men's Knit Underwear. . G SIlks and Velvets '" . . .. . :; Colored Dress Goods .. G Wash Goods and Flannels . '" 5 Black Goods .. .. 5 Laces........ . 6 Ladles' Neckwear . . .. . G Veilings... . .. . .. .... G Handkerchiefs. . . . . . . . . . . . () Linens and WhIte Goods.. . .J Linings.... . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . () Notions .... " . . .. '" .... b Perfumery . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . .. G Stationery .. 7 Embroideries .. G RIbbons '" , G Flowers and Feathers : 7 Books..... . .. 6 Furs " .. .. 3~ Trimmed Hats 4 Untrimmed Hats 4 Trimmings . 6 Jewelry :; Leather Goods , .. 6 Muslin Underwear and UnderskIrts b Corsets ± Infants' Wear .. :; Waists 4 Misses' Suits 3 Ladies' Suits 3 Ladies' Cloaks 3 Groceries G Carpets and Mattings 3 Umbrellas 6 Gloves 5 Upholstery 30 Men's and Boys' Clothing and Hats. . 4 Shoes.......... .. 4 House Furnishings .J Silverware 6 Toys 30 Wines and Liquors. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. 3 It goes wIthout saying that no two men-situated as he IS- \\ ould be lIkely to wnte the same figures. Each store's experience and condItions are totally dIfferent, and It \\ ould be nothlllg short of folly for any man to fix a per-centage \\ hlch should hold good at all times and everywhere The \\ ay stocks are arranged, the number of sales people employed III each department, the standard of wages paid, and numberless other things, strongly influence the relation between the payroll of each department and its total sales Some merchants wIll put Al clerks behllld certalil counters; another merchant would put four ordinary clerks there. Surely the ratIO of sale~ to wages III these two stores will not bear Just compan son A.nd so It is all along the line. I t must be remembered, too, that the figures we furlllsh hel e are the a\ el age figl1l es-that IS to say, it by no means follows that ever} clel k\ sales. even III a bIg store---where there is somethll1g dOIng all the tIme-WIll be uniform throughout the } ear. The figures fl1lmshed are based on a year's sales; for ex-ample, a gIrl III the chllla department selbng $6,500 worth of goods dunng the year would be earnlllg the average per cent named for that department, VIZ , 4 per cent, If she were paid $260 a }ear) or $5 a week. The clerks in the furniture department during an August sale WIll make such big sales that the percentage of selling ex-pense will then fdll consIderably, but ImmeclJately after the spe- Clet! sale the furl1lture business may be so much less than usual that the percentage of furnIture selling expense WIll Jump to the other extreme The same way with white goods. During the seasons when these artIcles are III gl eat demand and their percentage of sell-ing expense falls, busll1ess in other departments may be practi-cally at a standstlll, and their percentage of selling expense may rise to the top notch. As \\e have at dIfferent times stated, the amount of a clerk's total sales is by no means the only key to his or her value or efficiency. Some ordll1ary clerk may be stationed to dIspose of articles that sell on sight and on which there is absolutely no profit. She may sell far more than another clerk of fine appear-ance and except anal ablbty, etc , stationed in another department, \\ ho can draw and hold the fine class of trade which a store is allmng for. Both are necessary to a store's welfare. The one girl may cost a store only 3 per cent, whIle the other girl may cost nearer 10 per cent, yet It WIll require httle figuring to determine which of the two IS really the more valuable. WEEKLY ARTISAN 5 Detrolt, Nov. 17.-DetrOlt is ~till on the map and very 111uch on, m fact lf you ask the average Detrolter he wlll be pretty apt to tell you that lt is about the only town of any 1mportance that lS on the map \Vell, the ~ flter ha'o no quan el wlth them about that, for he wa~ born there, but left very early m hfe, pos- Sibly for hlS own good, and maybe for the Clt} 's, but be that as it may, he hkes to go thele occasiOnally to see old fnends and reldtlves. Detroit 1S :,ure1y a fine Clty dncl 111 'oplte of the slump in the automoblle busllless there lS a great cleal of bUlld111g going on, inc1ud111g some new factories J. C Widman & Co have had a great season dnd are now prepaling the finest line of goods to show in Grand Rapids 111 January they have ever attempted to show. The hne is made up of d111111groom smtes 111al ts and crafts, Colomal, and all the popular styles; abo a large hne of hat racks ~ lth seats and mlrrors, and a large hne of cheval m1r- Can you think of anytlling more luxurious or comfortable than this beautiful Mission Davenport It's only a suggestion of the bun-dreds of splendid pieces we are showing in our Mission Furniture Department, and each piece priced so as to come withiil the moderate income. OPEN SATURDAY EVENIl'ICS cwo RAPlllS MIGHIGAN BISHOP FURNITURE co :One of Bishop'S Best rors 1n oak and mahogany, blrd's eye maple and Clrcassian wal-nut. They also have a fine 1111eof plctures and mlrrors. The 1111ewlll be shown on the first floor, south half, of the KI111gman bmldl11g, where they were located m July last. Max Bath, formerly with C D. W1dman, lS now w1th J C Wldman & Co, and IllS terntory wl11 be from Buffalo east. Of course all the \Vldman boys amI other salesmen wlll be there, and "J. c." wlll be there also to see that the boys are at work and not walk-ing up and clown Monroe street adm1ring the pretty Grand Rap'ds girls The full line of Humphrey-Widman sectional bookcases ~ 111be shown with thls lllle The Palmer Manufacturing company will show their full lllle on the fourth floor, Furmture Exchange, Grand Rap1ds, 111January They w1ll have many new patterns of hbrary and parlor tables and pedestals 111 the latest des1gns and finishes and an entlre new 1l11e of reed goods, lawn and porch furniture. Their new dry k1lns are finished and President Streng says they are workmg all right Their catalog for 1911 is already out and 1t is a good one. Trade is good and the output of the fac-tory for 1910 blds fair to be double that of any previous year. The Possel1Us Brothers Fur111ture Manufacturing company have made a success of the1r first hne of d111ing room furniture, and wlll add several new patterns to 1t for January; also about a hundred new extension tables. The elegant catalog of dining room suites and tables was very much admired by the dealers and brought them many good orders. The line will be shown in January as usual in the1r old space in the Manufacturers' Ex-hibitlOn budding, 1319 Mlchigan avenue, Chicago, with all the old time popular salesmen in charge. The Detroit Cabinet company will soon move into their elegant new offices, and will have a good many new patterns of fancy furniture to show in Grand Rapids in January. The writer had a nice visit with his old friend, Mr. Stan-dart of the Murphy Chair company. Mr. Standart has just re-turned from a SIX months' vacation for the benefit of his health, which broke down from overwork. He is looking well now. He has been roaming horseback in the Ozark mountains of Ar-kansas, and says he saw many men down there that were typical Arkansas travelers. C. H Haberkorn, who is said to have made a half million dollars in the table business and other industries he is mterested in, is going into the auto truck business and is building a large factory not far from that of the Detroit Cabinet company. -CO M. p.. ···-·····································-1 The Good Old Reliable Work Bench THAT NEVER!GETS OUT OF STYLE. For Many Years Made ExclUSively by C. CHRISTIANSEN, 2219 Grand Ave., CHICAGO Also manufacturer of the Chicago Truck for woodworkmg factones. Send for Catalogue. I.. . .._. . _. . .. 6 WEEKLY ARTISAN Every Dealer Who Sells Folding Collapsible Go=Carts TAKE WARNINO For your own protectIon aVOIdbuymg any foldmg collapsIble go-carts :lot hcensed under FERRIS and LEITH PATENTS. By seemg that the tag shown here IS on every foldmg CollapsIble Go-Cart you handle you wIll Avoid infringement prosecutions, Handle only goods made by the most reputable makers, Handle Go=Carts for which a demand is created by a big national advertising campaign. licensed Go-Cart PATENTED Licensed and protected by and under the 148869 Jan 5, 1904 111386 _Oct 4, 1904 189310 May 9, 1905 800411 Sept 26,1905 None Genume Without ThiS label Other Patent. Pendlnl None Cenuln_ WIthout This Label FERRIS and LEITH PATENTS so completely cover every VItal feature of foldmg collapsIble go-carts that It IS im-possIble for any maker to manufacture them wIthout usmg some of the features covered by these patents. The only persons or concerns licensed by us to manufac-ture collapsible go-carts are the following named compames: American Metal Wheel & Auto Lloyd Manufacturing Co. Company. Sidway Mercantile Company. Children's Vehicle Corporation. Streator Metal Stamping Co. Collier-Keyworth Company. Sturgis Steel Go-Cart Co. Ficks Carriage & Reed Go. Toledo Metal Wheel Co. Fulton Manufacturing Company. H. N. Thayer Co. Gendron Wheel Company. E. R. Wagner Mfg. Co. All Infnngers WIll be prosecuted to the full extent of the law. Through our advertlSIng the publIc WIll be advised that go-carts contaInIng the most desirable features are hcensed under FERRIS and LEITH PATENTS, and cautIOned to look for the Label. We wIll protect both the dealer and the pubhc, and by elImmatmg the unscrupulous manufacturer we msure the dealer a better profit, put the go-cart business on a legItimate basIs, create fixed values, and educate the publIc to these values. LOOK FOR THE TAG. 839230 _Dee 25, 1906 840188 Jan 1,1901 851911 June 25, 1907 861475 July 30, 1907 863972 AU920,1907 913345 feb 23, 1909 914010 Marc~ 2, 1909 918250 April 13 1909 925151 June IS, 1909 925152 June15,1909 925141 June 22, 1909 921089. _ July 6, 1909 REDUCED REPRODUCTION OF FRONT AND BACK OF LICENSE TAGS.~)oce PERRIS and LEITH Suite 630 Marquette Building l' CHICAGO _I WEEKLY ARTISAN 7 RICHMOND TABLET CHAIRS "SLIP SEATS" MOST SANITARY RICHMOND CHAIR CO. NEW YORK'S NEW EXCHANGE Wonderful Progress Insures COIupletion of the Great Building "On Time'" RapId progres:, IS being made \vlth the con:,tructIOn of the great structUl e to be occupIed by the Ne\\ York Furl11ture Exchange, a~ a part of the Mlerchant~' and Manufacturers' Exchange of 1\ew York, In the early Spl111g of next year ThIS rapId progress must be regarded as a fact of llltereot to everyone concerned 111the furmture mdu"try, whether as manufacturer or buyer, and who looks fOlward wIth due con-fidence to the further enlargement of the already great eastern market The progress made sho\\ s, pla1111yenough, that the bUIlding wIll be completed 111due time, while so much of It as IS now VISIble exhIbIts, no less plainly, that the new home of the Exchange wIll be an nnposlng structUl e, of archItec-tural beauty and importance, thoroughly well eqUIpped and altogether worthy an enterpnse of so much consequence Already, although the constructIon wOlk on the ground dId not begin until August 9, last, about two-thmls of the steel frame-work had been erected by the end of October. In all, SIX thousand seven hundred tons of the massive gIrders and pillars had been put 111final place To make all these gIrders and pillars one homogenous \\ hole forty-five thousand rivets had been driven and fastened home. When It is re-membered that the girders are the largest ever used In steel structural work, and that then" el ection and that of the pIl-lars \\as reqlllred to be performed at mght, this amount of work wdl be looked upon as gOing some and going satlsfac- ~n~ I Vv'hlle thIS steel frame-\\ ork \\ a" beUlg erected other work as important was being conducted At the last repOl t, November 5, ten thousand cubIc feet of the gramte for the outer walls had been dehvered and set, ten thousa11'1 square feet of ornamented terra cotta had been placed; fifty thousand square feet of hollow tile fire-proof floor arches had been laId and eIghty thousand square feet of concrete floor arches The ornamental and fire-proof material window frames were also in place up to the seventh story Meanwhile, and while all thIS other important work vvas under \\ay, the steam fitters and plumbers had installed so much of theIr part of the equip-ment which is to make the budding so comfortable and con- No. 100 DOUBLE CANE SEAT No. 100 GENUINE LEATHER SEAT "I II ~_._~~-- ------------------------------~ vement a place of business as IS pOSSIble dunng the process of constructIon as cbstlnglll:,hed flom the fim:,hlng A regIment of over eIght hundred and fifty men are en-gaged in tIllS successful struggle for pI ogress led by theIr officers duly selected for theIr known skJ1l and training. The rapId progress made IS of further 111terest to every one who is Interested at all In mdustrial and commerCIal devel-opment, as it exhIbIts \\ hat can be done by modern methods when these are pUlsued, after due preparatIOn by competent contractors carefully chosen because of theIr thorough eqUIp-ment and known capaCIty to chsl egdl d chfficultles, to over-come all hanchcaps and to achIeve desll ed Iesults There, to be sure, was to be no effOlt "to make the desert blossom hke a rose ," but there I:' be111g\vag ed succe:,sfully a :,tJ uggle to 111creasethe sum of OppOltumty m the \\ oriel anel to promote man's usefulness to man. There was a tune when thIS ne\\ bUllc1mg seemed only a elream, irridescent and as l11tanglble as the ha7e of an Inchan Summer morn111g; but, as all may now :,ee, the dream IS com-lI1g true. If It was a dream It IS bell1g reahzec1 To other~ wiser, and to Charles E Spratt more particularly, It was no dream at all. It was rather an Idea and soon the superb bUIlding wdl stand to mark the development of thIS busl11ess idea of proven value and consequence It wJ1l mark, no less, the happy result of well-ordered enthUSIasm and l11te1hgent enterprise and confidence. AND THE RICHMOND, IND. kakee, have Incorporated wIth $10,000 cdpltal stock, held by P. L Kroehler, E ] T. Moyer and E. R Resentrater The Amcncan Woodworkl11g J\Ianufactml11g COmpdn), cap- ItalIzed at $10,000, I" beIng orgamzed by Lams H Kramer and others to take over the plant of the bankrupt New York Dlll1en- "lOns Supply company, at Devon and I"londa streets, EvansvIlle, lnd. The Bon J\ldrche department "tOl e of Seattle, Wash, IS to have the finest home In the PacIfic northwest The bUlldmg IS to be eIght stones, coverIng half of a block, WIll have rten acres of floor space and WIll cost $1,250,000. It will be completed early m 1CJ12 The Weber, Lmd & Hall company, for thIrty years dealers 1ll furnIture, carpeh, wall paper, etc, In Cleveland, 0, have retIred from the busmess, havmg sold theIr stock to the Conrad, Babch, Kroehle company, ~ ho operate three large stores in the same cIty John Cady and IE. C. Cotter, who have been dealIng In fur-mture in San Antonio, Texas, under the name of the Cady- Cotter Furniture company Ihave gone into bankruptcy. LiabIli-tIes $6,688, asseb $8.918, mc1udmg $4,000 111 stock and $4,300 in bIlls receivable 0\\ mg to the store they occupy having been leased to Wool- ~ orth & Co, who operated a chain of 5 and 10 cent stores, C. H. Rood & Co, furl1lture and carpet dealers of Ware, Mass, have deCIded to go out of business, being unable to secure other smt-able quarters in that town. The RetaIi Merchants' assocIation of Texas, has completed the orgal1lzatIon of the Retail Merchants "Cnderwnters of Texas, whIch IS a mutual fire insurance concern. The new organization expects to do the fire insurance business of practically all the retail merchants of the state. All the woodworking factories at South Paris, Me, make ChrIstmas tables, nothmg else They make them in many kinds of \\ ood and fil1lshes and of all shapes and sizes, from the doll's table only three mches m heIght to full sIze card and sew1l1g table< and sl1lp about 100 car loads dUrIng the fall months. The Sal1ltary Hammock and Mattress company, mentioned la::,t week as haVIng been organized at Marshfield, Wis, is in no sense a re-organiz:atlOn of the defunct Marshfield Beddmg com-pany, though the new company will use the old plant, which was purchased from the U1ll0n Mortgage Loan and Trust company of ChIcago. The meeting of stockholders in the SIegel-Cooper company and Greenhut & Co, last Saturday resulted in the consolIdatIOn of the two concerns under the name of the Greenhut-Siegel- Cooper company, WIth capital stock fixed at $6,000,000. The consolIdatIOn makes it one of the largest and most important mercantIle houses in New York city. The J. B & J. M Cornell company of New York, manufac-turers of metallIc furnIture, have gone into the hands of A Gor-don Murray and yIlchael Blake as receIvers. LIabIlItIes, $ t16,- 421; assets estImated at $330,000 The receIvers have asked for authorIty to sell the property and It IS understood that a new company 1M" been organized to pm chase It. The ~IcDougall KItchen Cabinet company of Frdnkfort, near ImhanapolI" Ind have purchased the stock, good WIll, patents dnd ever) thmg else pertdinIng to the "La-fa-et" KItchen CabInet made by the BIggs lIanufacturing company of Lafayette, Ind, \\ hlch has been domg a bUSIness of about $100,000 a year By the deal the McDougall company will get about forty experienced workmen for theIr new factory at Frankfort MISCELLANEOUS NOTES AND NEWS T. E. Jones, undertaker of ::\IarIon, Ind , ha" sold out to B M. Lay. The SImplex Bed company of Seattle, are mO\ mg thel1 tac-tory to Kent, Wash. Maddock Bros have ':lucceeded Arnold & Dleboldt, fUrIllturC dealers of Olpe, Kan. The Newark (0) Furniture company are erectmg an ad-dItion to their factory. R. L. OlIver has sold hIS undertak1l1g bUSIness at LIttle Sioux, Ia , to B. S. Long N. E. Ward has purchased the retaIl furmture bus1l1e,,::, of E. Threlkeld at Tecumseh, Nebr Albert Thompson has purchased the furmture and harchvare business of Daugherty & DIlday at OwenSVIlle, Ind The New Orleans, La, ManufacturIng company are crect-ing a five story bUIldIng to be used as a coffin factor) Raymond Foster has purchased a half mterest In the Dol-doser furniture store at Delta, la. The firm IS known as Boldoser & Foster. The Boston Furniture company, dd.1ers of 'Waterbury, Ct. are constructing a two story additIOn to their warehouse on Sco-ville street. Neillsville, Wis, has raised $20,000 by popular subSCrIptIOn to rebuild the furniture factory that was burned recently and the work has been started Kaufman Bros' department store, PIttsburg, Pa, ha.., 0\\ n pOSSeSS10l}';,and no general loan eXJll1bltlOn under le,s d1gl11fied dud "entre con-dltlons would be hkel) to be able to obta1l1 sue h ma -terp1ece-from then owners, who are naturally Ul1\\ llhng to pel!t \\ lth them even f01 a tIme, to say nothll1g of the ha/at ds 111\ oh ed III han dhng and t1 ansport1l1g them There are forty-nme of the rugs, and a rare treat they ofter to admIrers of the nch beauty m colot and the ta..,c1l1at1l1gmtl1- cacy of deSIgn of these anClent fabllcs \\ 1th the Onent,tl lUg-that m common parlance dre spoken of as antlque, \mLrlCan-are faIrly famtlldr. In orgamzmg thb e"Xh1b1t10nthe mlheum authollt1es purposed offellng VlSltor- the Opp01tUl11t) to eXd1111ne the really old rug '3,proc!t1Lb of the eentl11leS tt om the fourteenth to the eIghteenth, mc1udmg the pe110cls \\ hen the~e e"p1 eS..,lOn-of the gel1111Sof the ::\ e,n ILast appeal ed m theIr 111ghest pe1- fectlOn The e.:\.h1bltlOn sen es at the ~ame tIme to rev eal \\ hat IS not fully understood, the rema1kable nd1l1ess at the pllVate co11ect1ons Df thIS country 111the"e \,orks of the patlent 011en-tals 111 the days when then a1t and theIr a1tl'3ansh1p \\ere at then best. rlhere we1e to have been hft) of the lug-, but at the ld-t mlillute and too late to exclude a cle..,c11ptlOnof It trom thc cat,l-log, word came from the ka1..,er llleclnch \Iuseum at Berlll1 that perm1SSlOn could not be obta111ed to lend a rug \\ h1ch that museum had pr0111lsed to send, It:, Ll11lOUSfourteenth centnn rug WIth the .l\I1l1g coat of arms, the ancIent Chmese motn e ot the dragon fightmg the phcel11x Other rugs of thIS class, hO\\- ever, ale 111the exhlb1tlon And though the De1hn museum \\a" unable to get pel mIssIon to lend Its t1 eds111C, \\ h1eh IS one at t,he oldest 1ugs known to e.:\.15t,anothe1 SlStC1 l1lstltutlOn has con tnbuted to the }J et1opohtan s e"XhlbltlOn j he Do"ton \Iu-eum of F1ne \It<., hd'3 '3ent to \e\\ ') 011, the fincst lUg 111lh po..,se, SlOn. ASIde fl0111tll1<.,one the 1u~" a1e all pllv,lte co11ectlOns, those namely, of Dr Denman \\ Ross of Ld1l1bllClge, Gen Dra, ton Ives, BenJanlln Altman and :-'enator \\ \ Clark of thl:, Clt) Mrs. Helbert L Platt of Ihookl)n, John D \Jdlhenn) ot PhIl-adelphIa, P i\ 13 \V1dener ot Ukms T'a1k, P \1 ~harple" ot THE Hlnd6tpARLOR NEW ~ BEDn ~eed not be moved from the wall. Always ready wit h beddmg in place. So simpl., 80 easy, a ch.ild can operate It. Has roomy wardrobe box. CHICAGO, Erie & Sedgwick NEW YORK, Norman & Monitor. West Chester, Pa , Theodore M DaVIS of Newport and C. F. \Vl1hams of i\01 nsto\\ n, Pa The Metropobtan Museum (l1s-pIa) s a few rug.., \\S<)rl'!let or advertlser You cannot buy thiS desk ltl any other way for less than $25 00 and you would not be paymg a cent more than it 1$ worth 11 you prod that prtct' But If you can get it and The Dryguodsman lor $t500 why not do It todaY? He*M 'VegM 45 II 260 awel' (rQllii<, ImmedIately upon receIpt ()f your re IDlttatlce We W111 In $lrnct the malry THE DRYGOODSMAN 1027 VVashmgton Ave ST LOUIS one who becomes a subscnber under the offer. The questIOn naturally anses, If thIS publisher can afford to furnish consumers WIth office fur111ture at manuufacturers' prices, why should any furnIture dealer carry office desks? \~lhI1e the Dry-Goods-M an no doubt CIrculates to many dealers \V ho handle nothmg but dl y goods and a few related hnes, It probably also circulates to many department stores havl11g furmture departments. If the fnr11l-ture dealer performs a legItImate functIOn, 111carrymg a stock of goods, whIch is essentIal to the conve111ence of a commumty, then the sale of furmture as subscrIptwn premiums must be IllegIti-mate. It 'would seem that propnetors of departments stores hav-ing furmture departments espeCIally would use theIr 111fluence to dIscourage a scheme of thIS k111d. No doubt the publIsher of the Dry-Goods-Man would be very grateful If the furniture dealers' aSSOCIation would co-operate 111 the publication of a dry goods journal. Chicatio House Not Affected. SIege1-Cooper'~ 111New York, a~ "uch, pds~ed out of ex-istence yesterday by mergel WIth Greenhut & Co, the comoh-dated company to be known as "The Greenhut-SIegel-Cooper Company" The merger, however, m no way affects the ChIca-go house of SIegel-Cooper & Co , accOl d111gto Isaac Kelm, thIrd vice president, who says that the Chicago company is owned by other persons and is not connected WIth the New York Slegel- Cooper's. The New York store was founded by Henry SIegel and afterwards purchased by J B Greenhut and hIS associates, who also bought the old site of B Altman & Co, at EIghteenth Stl eet and SIxth avenue, and there started the Greenhut store WIth whIch the New York Siegel-Cooper house is now merged. ----~------------~-_._---_._-_._-----... • I I III III TUE "ELI" I ELtO:""iViOi'LL.E'R='d&U'CO. I EVANSVI
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Please browse the more than 8000 knit- and crochet-related treasures in the CKC Collections Resource <a href="http://digital.centerforknitandcrochet.org/collections/show/1">Museum and Library Collections</a> (drawn from <a href="https://dp.la/info/developers/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Digital Public Library of America</a>). CKC is seeking new partner organizations to share their collections of knitting and crochet with visitors to this resource. Contact us at <a href="mailto:collections@centerforknitandcrochet.org">collections@centerforknitandcrochet.org</a> for more information about participating. <br /><br /><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/11Hb_Y75HnhkCE5i4mKpcTlB8Msp_lB0XUtQr5S8XXKA/edit?usp=sharing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Learn more about criteria for Share Your Treasures.</a>
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Issue 41.1 of the Review for Religious, January/February 1982.
REVIEW FOR RELIGIOUS (ISSN 0034-639X), published every two months, is edited in collaboration with the faculty members of the Department of Theological Studies of St. Louis University. The editorial offices are located at Room 428
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Ann Arbor, MI 48106. Review for Religious Volume 41, 1982 Editorial Offices 3601 Lindell Boulevard, Room 428 Saint Louis, Missouri 63108 Daniel F. X. Meenan, S.J. Dolores Greeley, R.S.M. Daniel T. Costello, S.J. Joseph F. Gallen, S.J. Miss Jean Read Editor Associate Editor Book Editor Questions and Answers Editor Assistant Editor REVIEW FOR RELIGIOUS is published in January, March, May, July, Sep-tember, and November on the fifteenth of the month. It is indexed in the Catholic Periodical and Literature Index and in Book Review Index. A microfilm edition of REVIEW FOR RELIGIOUS is available from University Microfilms International
Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106. Copyright © 1982 by REVIEW FOR RELIGIOUS. The Art of Wasting Time: Thoughts on the Expropriation of Leisure James W. Heisig Father Heisig, of the Society of the Divine Word, is a Permanent Fellow of the Nanzan Institute for Religion and Culture, General editor of its book series on East-West thought and Associate Professor of Humanities at the Nan:an University. His address: Nan:an Institute for Religion and Culture: 18, Yamazato-cho. Showa-ku: Nagoya, Japan’. In modern industrialized nations, time is thought of as an investment commodity with a fluid market value. The power of time to cure all ills that the ancient Greek proverb celebrated has been drained from it to reduce time to disposable mer-chandise within our control. Some people’s time is now worth more than other people’s time because they know how to use time .profitably, that is, to achieve maximum production with minimum consumption. The ideal management of time is measured by cost-benefit analysis. As a consumer commodity, time is also unevenly distributed: some people now possess more time than others, which they are free to invest wisely or foolishly. It does not take much reflection to appreciate how the metaphor of "annual income,"the most Oniversal measure of the relative value of time, has crept its way into the modern imagination and laden words once rich in personal meanings with the double entendre of economic connotations. And that is as true in the world of business as it is in the world of religious or humanitarian devotion to an ideal. We hear it said that the fund~.mental shock occasioned by the increased pace of modei’n living is that shorter and shorter periods of time enable us to achieve the same things that former civilizations took much longer to achieve, which in turn produces the need for constant novelty. In fact, we do notachieve the same things at all. By submitting time and human needs to new s.tandards, the quality of life 3 4 / Review for Religious, Jan.-Feb., 1982 itself has been altered and important spiritual values siphoned off as waste. The trip across the Sinai that took the ancient Israelites forty years to complete would hardly take forty minu~tes today from t~ikeoff to landing. But whereas their voyage was a.journey that transformed a band of refugees into a people of God, ours is reduced to a mere change of location that takes place too quickly to effect any but the most superficial of insights. For us, time wasted in travel, in the use of outmoded tools, and in the inefficient use of resources and personnel is money flushed down the drain. On the one hand, time well spent promises the reward of time to spare
but on the other, the time that we have saved is only of value if it, too, is well spent. The result is that leisure has become a luxury item, with less to be found among workers today than there was among the slaves of ancient Greece and Rome. In such circUmstances, it has become easy to market time-measuring devices for popular use that approximate the precision of scientific equipment. A wrist-watch that takes time to wind and has to be reset once a week is an anachronism to the modern mind. The practical advantages of such accuracy are fictitious, but the ideological advantage is very real. We are so firmly locked into the modern myth of time that the thought of unclocking oneself, even for the purposes of relaxation, has become the moral equivalent of undressing in public. The idea of time that has colonized the habits of thought that gird the institu-tions of modem society--school, church, business, entertainment, travel, health care, politics, social action--has wrought a spiritual impoverishment on our native sensibilities. The reverence for free time Freizeit and leave from labor (leisure) has not disappeared, but its motivations have shifted. The important wisdom that time belongs among the "best thing~ of life" that cannot be bought and sold, that belong to all of us as our common human right, and that are their own reward, is in peril. The expropriation of leisure by the consumer ethos is one of the most harmful ideas that pollute modern consciousness and obstruct the construction of an equitable and sustainable global community. Instead of having time for oneself, time for the earth, and time for the human race, we have become content with having time to consume the goods and services manufactured in other sectors of society. We have come to think of time as a nonrenewable resource, and lost the art of wasting it lavishly for our spiritual well-being. Deliverance from this state of affairs begins with learning to make transparent the myth of time that we inhabit unawares. And onestep in that direction, it seems to me, is to have a look at some of the things we no longer seem to have much time for. Time for Oneself The story is told of a certain clergyman who went to see the famous psycholo-gist, C. G. Jung, complaining of an impending nervous breakdown. His story was a familiar one. Working fourteen hours a day to fill up his life of service with meaning, he found only a spiritual tiollowness to his work. The harder he worked, the more tasks he took on, the more his nerves stood on end, threatening at any moment to shatter through the fragile mask of the busy pastor and expose his The Art of Wasting Time hypocrisy. 3ung’s advice was simplicity itself
he was to work a mere eight-hour day, go home and spent his evenings quietly in his study alone. Unconvinced of the wisdom of .lung’s counsel, but sufficiently agonized to have no other recourse, the man made up his mind to follow the prescription to the letter. He worked his eight hours, returned to the parish house for supper, then retired behind the closed doors of his study for the rest of the evening. Some time later he returned to see .lung, reporting that, alas, the remedy had been a complete failure. Spiritually he was worse off than before, and the parish had fallen into disarray for want of attention. He had done everything just as he had been told, but to no avail. "What did you do in your study?" Jung asked. "Well, let’s see, the first night I finished a Herman Hesse novel and listened to some Chopin l~tu~les. After that I read some Thomas Mann and listened to a Mozart sonata. Next I . . ." "But you didn’t understand," .lung broke in. "I didn’t want you to spend your time reading novels and listening to music. I wanted you to be alone with yourself.""Oh, but 1 couldn’t stand it. i make such bad company," the pastor replied. "Aha! Now we see the problem," said .lung. "That very self that you can’t stand for even a short period is the same self you have been inflicting on others for fourteen hours a day.~ The pastor’s problem and the way he set out trying to cure it both belong to a level of cultural development that can only be called elite. The freedom to opt for a fourteen:l~our work day and drive oneself to psychological tatters, and then to reduce one’s time of labor by 40% for the sake of spiritual hygiene
the possibility of consulting a professional therapist and paying for the service
the ability to read classic literature and appreciate classical music--all of these things belong to a style of life unthinkable to the great masses of humanity, who do not work for ends supererogatory to survival that can be dispensed with when body or soul collapses, but work to keep alive, and great numbers of them successfully. I do not mean to imply that the man’s problem was not a real one, or that it should be classified, along with cosmetic surgery and Caribbean cruises, as needs bred of boredom or surfeit. I mean only that, like all spiritual problems, its roots reach over into problematic social structures as well, whose repair requires more attention to one’s own soul. Of this, more shall be said later. What ‘lung showed the pastor about himself, and what many of those who share his general cultural field can readily identify with, is that people will often go to extraordinary lengths to avoid having to look at themselves without a role to play. The crises of meaninglessness.that had attacked his work spread over into his leisure because of a common fundamental bias that value can only be generated by keeping busy at a socially acceptable task. In each case, he fled what he feared would do him more harm than anything else: his deep dislike of himself. In his work, the pretense of altruism threw up a thick smoke screen, almost as if deliber-ately to cloud the problem
and in his leisure the pretense of polishing up his education protected and reinforced the hollow ideals he could never quite recog-nize as his own. "Thou shalt love thy neighbor as thyself." Before one embraces those words as a commanded task, they need first to be accepted as a statement of fact: like it or not, one cannot love another if one does not first love oneself. And 6 / Review for Religious, Jan.-Feb., 1982 there is no way to love oneself if one does everything possible to avoid spending time with oneself. The pastor’s abuse of leisure meant that leisure was not a freeing time but an enslaving time. Instead of serving as a re-creational balance to the creativity of his work, it bound him more firmly to the estrangement he felt between his own innermost beliefs and his outward devotedness. The proper use of leisure, on the other hand, demands the capacity to turn solitariness into solitude, not to dread it as a mere isolation from things that have value. If there are human values that daily life and work sterilize conscience against, and if those values are truly the eradicable imprint of the divine on the soul of each individual, then the deliverance of the human from the inhumanity of which it is capable begins with a transforma-tion in perspective metanoia towards oneself. And that takes time, leisure time. To be denied that time to waste on oneself, or to deny it to oneself, is to forsake redemption from the common habits of evil that we all participate in unawares. Time for the Earth A second dimension on which our~modern myth of time has expropriated the functions of leisure is that of our relationship to nature. In order to get to the core of this problem, 1 should like to cite a story from the Inner Chapters bf Chuang- Tzu, the Chinese mystic and Taoist philosopher of the fourth century before the Christian era. It is a story about a certain master carpenter named Stone and his apprentice, and how they happened one day to encounter the truth about worth-less trees. It seems that on one of their voyages the two chanced to pass by a gigantic oak tree standing by a local village shrine. The young apprentice stopped short and stood aghast with awe at the towering majesty of the tree, whose trunk he thought must measure a hundred spans in girth, and whose branches were so immense that at least ten of them he reckoned could surely be carved into boats. But the master Stone just stalked off ahead without so much as giving the tree a second glance. Catching him up, the apprentice inquired of him why a carpenter should pass up such timber, more splendid than any he had seen since taking up his axe. "Stop!" the master rebuked him. "The tree is useless. A boat made from it would sink, a coffin would soon rot, a tool would split, a door would ooze sap, and a beam would have termites. It is worthless timber and is of no use. That is why it has reached such a ripe old age." That night the oak,tree appeared to the carpenter Stone in a dream and complained of being compared with useful trees that are stripped and pruned and robbed of their fruits or cut down in their prime because they attract the attentions of the common world. "As for me, I have been trying for a long time to be useless. I was almost destroyed several times, Finally I am useless, and this is very useful to me. if I had been useful, could 1 have.ever grown so large? Besides, you and I are both things. How can one thing judge another thing? What does a dying and worthless man like you know about a worthless tree?" The next day, when the °The Art of Wasting Time apprentice heard of the dream, he was puzzled. "If it had so great a desire to be useless, why does it serve as a shrine?" This time the master took up. the cause of the tree. "It is just pretending to be one so that it will not be hurt by those who do not know that it is useless. If it had not been a sacred tree, it would probably have been cut down. It protects itself in a different way from ordinary things. We will miss the point if we judge it in the ordinary way." Let us say the carpenter Stone, with his "ordinary way" of looking at things, is a type of technological men and women whose tools have so eclipsed their direct contact with nature that they can no longer revere the world except as something "useful" for their equipment. As the tree reminds the carpenter in his dream, however, there are values that go beyond the useful, beyond the values that civilizations assign to things when they judge them to be worth our "while." These values reach deep beneath the differences that separate the human from the rest of the earth, to the point of geocentric unity that was broken with the anthropocent-ric revolt against being merely a thing among other things. They reach beyond the divisions of means and ends into which people classify everything about them. Insight into such values begins with learning t9 listen to the earth, something whose importance we are only now rediscovering after a century of industrial progress. Even so, we have the greatest of difficulty in unplugging ourselves from the apparatus we have built to mediate our way to nature. The world is still viewed by and large as raw material for human civilization. We struggle to keep our environment free of pollution because we fear the spread of disease among people and the poisoning of our food. We lobby against the mindless pillage of forests because we fear the effects of soil erosion on our buildings and landscaping. We protect the wilderness because we need somewhere to "get away from it all." These are reasons that make sense to a civilized mind, but do not satisfy it quite yet. We still want more sense than that. Increasing numbers (especially those for whom there is no economic danger involved) are finding it therapeutic to sympathize with the plight of species endangered by hunting or the destruction of natural habitats. Others are relearning to use the tools that scientific advance had thought to render into museum pieces. Something like a spirituality of the earth is coming to birth, but its douleurs d’enfantement are spasmodic and uncomfortable in the extreme. Perhaps the major reason that the developed industrial nations of the world do not yet have time for the earth is that their livelihood depends on a world frag-mented according to its utility for tools, and on a work force of specialists who literally feed off of one or the other fragment. The kit of tools that provides us with our ordinary way of looking at the earth functions not only because it represents a considerable extension of the power of the human body--legs into automobiles, voices into radio waves, eyes into telescopes, arms into cranes, and so forth, in the great caricature that humanity has made of its own image--but also because it succeeds in devaluing any other way of looking at life and work. While this has made impressive leaps in scientific and technical progress possi-ble, it has also taken its toll on the human spirit in the form of a massive addiction I~ / Review for Religious, Jan.-Feb., 1982 to packaged, processed experiences of the earth. We seek respite from the drudgery of working at our own specialized task only to find ourselves consuming the product of someone else’s specialization. The woman who sits from morning to night on an assembly line at a canning factory learns to put up with the boredom and servility of her labor by concentrating on the privileges it will give her through the money she earns. Come vacation time, she happily skips into a great steel can sealed in Los Angeles and opened in Hawaii, clutching her five-nights-six-days-cut- rate-holiday plan around which she has organized her hopesof regaining some of the dignity she had to forfeit in order to afford the trip in the first place. She may well spend her whole life without noticing ’that she is being sold on the earth in entertainment-packages by an industry that depends on people not being able to experience the beauties and pleasures of nature without their help. Such contact with nature, far from helping one to recover the basic human demand for creativity and meaning in work, only reinforces the same feelings of impotence, ignorance, and strangeness in the face of the complex machinery and bureaucracy that has come between people and the earth. From the point of view of those who have forgotten that demand, such time may be considered very well spent, very useful, and very recreational. But it is not the freeing time of leisure because it does not so much as waste a moment on trying to step outside the ordinary way of looking at the earth, to see nature once again from the inside as it were, as something valuable in itself. Time for the Human Race In addition to the estrangement from oneself and estrangement from the earth, there is a third dimension on which our myth of time has expropriated the dower of wasted time, namely estrangement from our own race. We who compose essays on electric typewriters and subscribe to journals on the spiritual life tend to forget that the technology we take for granted is still experienced as an oppression by the vast majority of human beings. Consciously it is felt as the oppression of neglect at the hands of those who dwell in the economic penthouses of the global commun-ity. Unconsciously it is felt as the oppression of envy for the equipment and the life style of affluence and the accompanying disgust with their own primitive enjoy-ments. For all the commonsense wisdom contained in the counsel that money cannot buy happiness, and that more often than not it only multiplies the possibili-ties for unhappiness, both the rich of the earth and the poor are agreed that it is a misery they would prefer risking. The consumer ethos that pervades and sustains a high level of technology at the top of the human pyramid also pervades and sustains the grotesque want under which most of our kind are forced to live. - By far the greatest part of the human community has no opportunity for employing the technological tools that are now transforming the fac~ of the planet, and in many cases do not even know that they exist. Those who use jet transporta-tion are an absolute aristocracy
for every one of them there are several thousands who have never ridden a bicycle. The number of illiterates in the world still far The Art of Wasting 7~me / 9 outnumbers the number of those who even own radios
and the number of people who own television sets is far lower than the number of those whose annual income does not reach the cost of a television. The rest of humanity, for which individuals in the developed world have no time, have fallen into conditions made more difficult to escape by the surfeit that one small portion of the world enjoys. At the base of the human pyramid there are ~hundreds of millions living on the borderlands of vegetation and death, which in turn belongs to a group of nearly one billion people whom we have now come to speak of as the fourth world. Above them is the third world, over half of which lives in a poverty they have no hope of remedying, yet a poverty tortured by the knowledge that some of the race spend their lives struggling to acquire still greater surpluses of luxury, and to glut themselves with still more of the already maldis-tributed fruits of the earth. Those who are born and bred in life at the top of the pyramid have little practical feeling for the current inhumanity that is ravaging most of the race. They find it easier to imagine science-fictional futures than to imagine the present reality, let alone to image their own complicity in the way things are. They may watch documentaries about starvation in Africa or floods in Asia, but fail to make any connection when they book passage the next day for a tour in the Yucatfin. Or perhaps better, they have allowed their.questions to be silenced by the whole tangle of government and economic organizations that constantly complain of how com-plicated everything is. They may know that the budget of New York State, with its twelve million people, exceeds that of India with its six hundred million, and perhaps even permit themselves a sigh of pity
but they entrust the sorting out of injustices to the experts who have been trained to worry about such things. All the privileged of the earth know for sure is. that they have no objection to others sharing in their style of life, provided it does not make any demands on theirown appetities. Clearly, this is not enough. Within a generation we shall have six billion people on the earth, with five billion of them living in poverty. The tactic of indifference, which amounts to a war of the few against the many, kills and dehumanizes more effectively than any weapon we have yet dared to use. But it is running out of time. As the poor arm themselves with the surplus of our .stockpiles, sold off cheaply to make way for more advanced weaponry, we cannot suppose that they will forever remain content with waging war among themselves. The smaller and more concen-trated the centers of wealth become throughout the world, the more vulnerable they become to the masses of those who have been trained to be jealous of what others are free to consume. The urgency of the situation, however, is not of itself enough to guarantee the quality of any and every attempt to alleviate it. Just as time for the self and time for the earth tend to get absorbed without remainder into time for the consumption of luxuries advertised as refreshment from working time, so time for the human race all too readily gets twisted into the donation of services that perpetuate the spirit-ual impoverishment of the technological world by camouflaging it behind an 10 / Review for Religious, Jan.-Feb., 1982 idiom of charity. Those who are touched with a sense of pity for the maldistribu-tion of wealth and feel the pressure to help, all too frequefitly lack the requisite insight into their own patterns of thought to realize how their aid can amount to the substitution of one form of dehumanization for another. In providing hospi-tals, schools, factories, and modern transport for the underprivileged (that is, for those denied the right to consume culture as we consume it), the donor organiza-tions narrow their responsibilities down tc~ the unilaterial sharing of goods and values. The possibility that alternate social systems, now’ rendered obsolete, unproductive, and unsustainable by the current management of the world’s resources, may have something to, teach the human community about liberation from the consumer ethos is pushed to one side in the rush to make amends for gluttony overcome with guilt in the face of deprivation. I1: the price of providing bread for the world is further investment in the current means of producing and distributing bread, then bread for the world there will never be. The economics of this are fairly intricate, but the direct ratio th~it obtains between the number of people who are starving to death and the increased number of organizations and agencies aimed at distributive justice is plain enough to see. A leisure that is freeing for the human race is not simply time given free of cost by the haves to the have-nots, but a time for withdrawal from the ruling myth of time. It must, in the first pla~e, be a waste of tilne altogether free of investments economic or ideological, time wasted on the whole of the race, ourselves included. Of all the forms of leisure, this is the one that has become most radically enslaved to the biases of working time, despite the way in which improved means of communication have enabled an altogether new image of the universal h~]man family. There may be no greater constriction of.the imagination in the history of human thought about world order than that of the present day face-off in devel-oped industrial nations between the philanthropic illusion of the rich nations of the world opening their storehouses to share with the poor on the one hand, and the financial illusion of increasing productivity to the point of being able to sell more goods more cheaply without monetary loss on the other. And this, too, is a mark of grave spiritual immaturity. The Reappropriation of Leisure If I have left a good deal in the previous pages to innuendo and only hints of an explanation of how leisure time has become victimized by the spread of consumer metaphors, it was not only to condense a manifold problem into a few words, but also to prepare for what 1 wish to propose by way of conclusion. Simply put, it comes to this: that only the personal awakening of increasing numbers of individ-uals to the considerable loss sustained by civilization in its forward march into technology can provide the footings for a modern spirituality, and that only the redemption of leisure time from its servility to current structures of thought can provide the conditions for such awakening. The reappropriation of the need for leisure--an unadvertised, unprofitable, and withal revolutionary need--begins with the individual or it does not begin at all. No one can stand l~roxy for another’s The Art of Wasting Time spiritual conversion.. No expertise can service a society with personal insight, judgment, and decision. For it is not so much concession to the logic of particular conclusions that is the point, but the recovery of the process of working one’s own way out of familiar biases. This process hinges on the art of wasting time. In the first place, leisure time should nurture a spirit of resistance to the humors of resignation that poison the bloodstream of industrial society. It should increase one’s resistance to the workaday bias that the submission and trust due divine providence, for having cast us into a world with hopes in our hearts too big for our abilities, should be extended into a submission and trust in social provi-dence, for having spun a web of institutions so tightly about us that we are powerless to do much more than lay a hand across our inquisitive mouths and adjust as best we can. From the point of view of the world of time where work gets done, free time that results in raising basic questions about that world is not only wasted time, it is counterproductive. No doubt a life in which leisure means nothing but filling up with comforts and entertainments the hollow gouged out of the soul by resignation to the complexities of modern life is an ideal few, if any, would Openly champion. But the fact is, the bare physical need for periodic reinvigoration always has a spiritual dimension to it as well, and in industrial society that spiritual dimension tends to vacillate between the reinforcement of patterns of passive consumption of relaxation and spare-time thoughts about better pay, shorter hours, or increased benefits. In either case, it remains subser-vient to the structures of work and effectively concedes defeat to their power. It lacks re-creativity. This is the idolatry, of epidemic proportions, that afflicts the spirituality of technological society. Second, in order to offer this sort of recreational resistance to the spirit of resignation, time wasted in leisure should be an abandon to the spirit of playful-ness. I use that word in a broader sense than either the games of children or the athletics of adults to cover not only the labor of alternative activities but also the enjoyments of repose
and in a narrower sense than sleep or intoxication on the one hand, moonlighting or profit-making hobbies on the other. The playfulness of leisure has three facets. The first of these is the imagination of possible futures in which we might be free of the oppressions of the present. If such futures are truly’ possible, that is, if they are able to emerge out of the existing world by a rearrange-ment of its priorities, then their entertainment in imagination is capable of being sustained and deepened from one period of leisure to the next. This in contrast to the scattered daydreams of wishful thinking that come and go for all of us without effort or lasting impression. That is, such images can accumulate sufficient form in time to lead to the commitment to some preferable future from among the possi-bilities~ To experience such a reorganization of hope in playfulness is to experience the genesis of an ideal within oneself. Not to experience it is to keep leisure locked up in itself. And finally, there is the transition from the possible and the preferable to the enjoyment of the future in the present. This is where most people are best at wasting time, even though they may not know what they are doing. It consists in the construction of a temporary utopia about oneself where the things one values 12 / Review for Religious, Jan.-Feb., 1982 most can be savored. It is a timefor tasting ideals of companionship without strife, pleasure without labor, crafmanship without pressure, play without punishment. The reigning fear among those who wish to protect their leisure time from being absorbed by spiritual or intellectual recollection is that too much reflection inhibits enjoyment. And to be sure, there are those whose twisted sense of asceticism drives them from one cause to the other, volunteering their services and neglecting the wisdom that comes from having a good, wasted time. At the other extreme, enjoyment cut off from reflection about the future altogether quickly shrivels up into a mere pampering of a self exhausted by labor, with the result that it becomes less and less enjoyable and more and more like the pure passivity of sleep. Some-where between the two lies the art of celebrating a world that is not but might be for a while, a world filled up with the spirit of playfulness. Third, leisure should help foster a spirit of survival in the midst of this by no means best of all possible worlds. Just as the struggle for physical survival requires ingenuity in using available resources and at the same time r
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Please browse the more than 8000 knit- and crochet-related treasures in the CKC Collections Resource <a href="http://digital.centerforknitandcrochet.org/collections/show/1">Museum and Library Collections</a> (drawn from <a href="https://dp.la/info/developers/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Digital Public Library of America</a>). CKC is seeking new partner organizations to share their collections of knitting and crochet with visitors to this resource. Contact us at <a href="mailto:collections@centerforknitandcrochet.org">collections@centerforknitandcrochet.org</a> for more information about participating. <br /><br /><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/11Hb_Y75HnhkCE5i4mKpcTlB8Msp_lB0XUtQr5S8XXKA/edit?usp=sharing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Learn more about criteria for Share Your Treasures.</a>
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Between 1914 and the late 1960s, the Champion Fibre Company published an internal newsletter, called The Log, to share news about the Canton mill, the community, and its employees. After 1940, news from the entire “Champion Family,” which included mills in Hamilton, Ohio; Houston, Texas and Sandersville, Georgia, was featured in each issue.
• JANUARY • I953 F R 0 M T H .E ·EDITORS "Old m ,l,_c, ·• (pa e ::s9) i 1 ot ju t a 1u. 11ine, d ·:-.pjl th' fact that he bum oil and :onclit c. ul~ itnv.· u a :-"\itth 1« 11 • To them who h..tv "Kn'n n her tlu· u~h Hi .. ·, r-. ;.~l thl' Tcxa Di,·i.ion. llil i \t=nembl old lad · \ ·ith h whitn~ am] t'aprice of ' Ill ny n th r f 'U · h.:. And 1ik oth •r of h -r ~t x. h ha k pt a lo e t.: 1 ·t her c rrt·. \\ itl · ut :en'lino· t pt}'1 Tt: ··' ;lr l\tpi011S wo ld lik. • In kt llt her pa.'L -· wh r ' ·he c;u ' lrmu and '<\'h t :he h:.t~ dtm ·. "Old . 'mob..·\, '" Lr nsl rrccl from Cantuu t P :·dena in 19:t6. \\'e think il lik •ly that .~omc of tlw Caro, ' Hna ( ttl Tim I m~l~' rct"lll "Old Smok y's'' c. r l lite. lf Ml, w ' hup they'll }ht ,· th " · t , ll to Di\i. i n Editor J imm.' 1 catoll. • Just two '·a_r Ja k ~ l ulkn f th Ohio D i, ision Lc.:(ran 3 se6t.: -, ")! ct the lloh :· ttbou the .-up rvi or at H:a mi I ton. In 2+ i u .: ]a k l1a O\'er d most (l( th · dq artment in th · mi ll , outlini 1g the ·w rk. the p r:>onalitic an I eY n som of the } hilo ph; of the m n who · > Lo it tllat the wheel· go r uud al 'h::un1 iuu. Faster than J -' can turn out hi articles, new men arc aJ.van d h) the s upcn· i~ory rank. H " fintl ' thaL he ha.~ taken upon him eU a ncv r- •nding assignment. "But i t's interesting," Ja k mi!h an<+ of£)ce a1·e 1ocat~L Copie~ fo-r fra11ling, with date lQlcl LOG title remQved, may he obtained by writing Genet:al PuMioc Ret_ations, Chiunpioo , Hamilton. Ohio. • • T his view shuws a pol'tlon m tlte Ct~ 't Co.tl D •pat'l mcnl, where 1\RuMt-.1\0tE b.nlllQ p ·y s are jn viLed to gath •r ' round m1d tak n ti CC'. 'Tain t so. Tb ' lad ies hav 1 b T pets tu o.ccupy th eir jdlc bm.lr'>. Ev lyn 1 -esc, CJf c ·M Sonin g, for cx ample, com 's horne f rorn bn work, and i~ greete(l hy Gmur.fl o, ;;1 bh1C'k 1 ~l'llltt.: f< ccd !'i ng't(' 11 '1" ,, ~ Ill HOlle\ , Jwr p .. domino m:m~. (her Hon ha~ , t numbn o l ribLf >~ J' whi h '· r· t ~.t k en :n !un'< hm ~. cdf~i11 '{ . lt' ll f'lll tl!;rt. " th.d \ the I <'~ I doAAnuecl hor l {;\l"Cl .. a".'' ' · h l . I grouchy, he fi~-rlH s iv j tl.t Sharn us, t.he cat.. Here\ a UH..>S age to all the boys who talk trr Hlondie Cald we11 duri11g the c: urse ol a day at baliljJiou. Hlon< lie·i> first rho tJS at hom · are fc-<:ding, Qtring f(Jr and ridiFig a palo:u~ino nJa.re, nam ·<1 "Huney." A( 1 tally, (-;~ring ror Honey isu't ill dlCHe for Blondie. Sbt: Lou;s r, T l or·se ~ arl'r, and ,..,·hen J.l G: rnar i bchaJ.- cs, monel! · rewar Iso her with a hcv.: of Mail Pottck ~o fofJliJ ·. Th , fran Turrt r, .Jr., family 1'1as a a m,t'l),) l::wr of the hott~ h old a y t: ng: p ·s quite a rumpus \.vheu .Judy • crt cs. l~ i v ·-yt:a -o ld L.intla B ·i~cr , daughter of 1 fr. "iin l Mrs.. Art Bcisc·r, hasn'r a worry in tJ1e world when her pal }t: 0 [ cnoug:h fht l. m~tlallS o <"qnip s.even fire su.ttion.'i. And 1 iss Schn6der IHt£ anHmg lt ·r four footed fri en.d:s. . ·x aH ;.tnd t.wo d 'f?,l\. S-e en do.gs for It • 1clnt • re~ and eight. ;;t n im.a ts t the S hneid ·r resid n ee. That \vas the count iJ:J 1 rovemue r. How manv' now? . ' bo kno\\'s? 3 I I • A. - G Rl U T :R \L 17 0 lt nuit the theme, ''Le:llll Toll) nv I oitt);,"' \ 3 lilt I ·din tilt' lh.>Uh'l t •ll mg p;u ad-e. l h ' ti u. l da p1 1 ;tf d thi. tn lr . th<.·• tloak wer emen':d h tll D1. m.u ;, · lui-) n •t t h , llt: 1 f'dlll3tion ( luh. 10~ · 1 .'\ l l 'n ,·T t 'flf ''r .- t H' hu.v prq >•u in th h :uua the p.tr.ad· entt · ~(i <>Tl h atht ti<.' field . 'LUl l ( Jl · ti na .hct mp ion~ ;Hucipat I m tht> Hom (_ \UI ing le~1 i'lll <-' ,., hH h rC' held Jl the ethel k th II fi iJ. ' ' • ' WHFN THL BliTH .L, . c., communi y undc . take. a special pr 1gram, they do it tJI'J in Fand style·. A ll ey staged the ir pe ial H omecomjng prograw at Bethel Hig11 School early in No rernb T , the {?\'1":: ( re embled a smaJl- cale Canton Labor Day celebratim Gaily decorated fl oats repre·· nt ing a:H majoT ctepart-· ments of the school, a football game which :Be hd wun over the Cherokee Indians 34 to 6, a petforman e by the new school band, a sizeable Parent-1 eacher meetin ao.d other features furnished a colo ful settln • for tn!' ' major occasion of the year in the Pigeon \alley e tion . All in all, the homecoming attraction Iefltcted the progress of the community itself . I HOMECOMl:\{G Q EEN and member: of her court are pi cr~t reil he-re j u~t before th • parade started around the footb:dl fi:eltl. The queen, 1ary June Ridule.. 'taud" ;:n !in;,·: -"•l d rt'gi vr kill in tbc :nerwo d, l' 1 t :11ea. t iJi ,ill, arvel' sl1''t th 120 -pountl l u k a t 11b ut '7 .1.1 • on 11w (•P ning tla . 5 • I GOI, G DOW .. 1 into t:he Machi.ue Room , th~ teachers pau e on the steps to get a bird's-eve view oJ No . 25 and 26 1achine . uide Clyde Miller leads the way. Groups were kept small o that the ?iu ides .would be better able to a AS v r quesuon ·. GOIJ G P to the loading floor the Dige. ters,- the tea hers enjoy d th ,ir rid on the slow-moving fr -ighl clel'll tor. c~tide R JY M a~ . left, '"as wel! f[ u:1 lified to gi"e tl e rn a thoro11gh cxplaJ,;Hion of this ph::. ~· of ptodttC· tinn. \4 a i supcrinf<"nd nt of Pulp . 1anu f11ctur e. I CO!' C Lt' l>I N G til - p•r•~-;' :un (j(lr 1ip, h t), \' icc- 1'1 .·idr•JJI Dwight J. ' l llrH II• 'on tdls th t·ach .rs t ile r<'d n• Cll llil)g of ;til llw1' han: Joi(-:,•n artd h •ard . " Jt ,;, fr f'e Ci ll('t jJr i u, h I ping Cl. a ro pions and a ll -othe1 Atlleli ca n.~ t~· an t:\'(T lJi g-he1 standa1 d f Jiving," ' l'!wnt ·on Rit id. G eo e an olicies B-E Day tour gives teachers a close look at the problems and methods of a large industry N ovF.M n • 2 l was a holiday {o ·hoot hildr n in Houston and l'w,ad ' lla. but wllil their pup.ih tnok the t y 4,300 t 'H: he1 ~ were I u·y parti cipating in the n ation's 1- ge~ Sa. in , 'du alionla,. On the appointed da , tl1 t ~a h r deserted lh ir blackb an1 nd de ks for a Grst hat d look at tl e m ri an free emerp6 · sy cem in action t ~00 cooperating fjrm ·. The ·eacher gr up varied in lze fro two to 420. lift -thr e p -r ons vi it d Champion' ~lea Division. Th workshop isits by th teacher in luded trip to dairi , la\ finns, in urance compani es, bank, bakeri , bo. pita! ·, feed mills, tin can manufacturers, steel warchons s, radio station<;, contractors, a tomobile dealers and many businesses. In most case. , conducted tour of phy ical fa.cilities were laken in tf ~ morning, with plant executive · playing ho t for luncheon. The afterno n was devoted to a cliscu ion period with question po ed by the tea(_her about what they had seen on the tour . Champion's Texas Divi ion conducted its program along imil r lines. Industrial Relations Manager and program Master of Ceremonie-:A. M. Koury gave the teacher an over-all view of Champion people and poli cies . He then introduced the Texas Division's wa ·te control expert, Malcolm May, who told them ·what Champion i now doing to lick the problem of industrial odors and wastes. Technical Dir ctor Jeny Moyer follow ed May with a preview of what the teacher- would ee 0 11 their tour, plus a brief explanation of the proce e involved. After these talks the teacher went on a onducted tour of the mill and had dinner as Champion's guest. at the Clubhou e. Vice-Pre· id nt Dwight J. Thomson wound up the program with a talk on what the free enterprise system mean to all American . Th tea her thanked their hosts, collected an aTmload of souvenirs, an l d parted foT home. Dr. vV. E. Moreland, who served as chairman of thi huge Chamber of Commerce-sponsored undertaking, calle 1 it the m ·t sue -- EuJ in the three years the program ha been in operation. ILJCKERI G NDLE lend added solemn it}' to the a' 1ard reremotw a ."cout C h a rJ es I3raun, · aCCQUll an ied by hi. mother, recei\'e hi First Cla , out award. cout Commit t emen C. V. Brann, l Et, and Clyde fiUer, right, pre entcd rhe awards. ex as Parent support proves its worth as Troop 91 awards are made our S couTMASTERS SAY that the success of a Scout Troop and parent participation go hand in hand. Measured by the Scoutmaster's gauge, Champion-sponsored Troop 91 can be rated among the best. The parent-scout turnout for a recent Troop 91 Court of Honor at the Champion Clubhouse was almost 100 per cent. Sixty-three Scouts and Scouter took part. From the invocation and dinneT to the closing Scoutmaster's Benediction, it was a solid two hours of dramatic ceremony and entertainment: the candle lighting on or ceremony with each Scout reciting one of the Scout laws, presentation of achievement awards to the Scouts, and special stunts by the Scouts themselves. The Rattler Patrol proudly displayed its athletic ability in building a human pyramid. The Flaming Arrows demon-, strated the new method of artificial respiration. A "worst-aid" stunt by the Wildcats, and the Adder Patrol's "old jalopy" earned many laughs. A reminder of "Good Turn Day," brought the evening to a fitting end. ro !MITTEEMA. MILLER look n as hi son, Clyde Miller .III, receiv· his award from Committ e:tnan Brann. Mrs. Miller, left, and. the otheT award-wi rwJng Scout·s mother teceived duplicate 1!11nratr1re awards. J tin ha yer, right, wa program chairman. STU TS by the four patrols of Troop 91 provided entertainment for the Scouts and their parents. Here the 'Vildcat Patrol demonsLrates "worst aid" or "how not to treat an accident i tim." During the evening 1'0 Scouts from Troop 91 received awards. 7 • • T • • 8 rliHOl ( ;H 1,\(.,'\ilt-11:-.R Bill (;ulln HU~~ th<: lll l httdl> lif;, <.irck P.d · ttth>l, l'l lOIII' . ·t . lllcl it( Ill ( '"" "'""' Itt>\\ ltl II"' lltt' lll ," M -Ill ny Ch wh1" h h mpion h s finds rt:st con tructive hobby dl.1W11Sl • IrS and rc:la 1,; lton ft r hours" pursu1ng "W OOD ARVl• ·c? \ b .nO, J }f , j ll.St sa)' thJ t J whittlc1" remarketl CarrolL \Vil on, Gene1·al,Oflicc, to a friend r ·utly. Tb.u he. lik. many anoth r mmpion, d cribe an 11~p' ·sing hobb ·. But rh matter what the avocaLion, or '"'hat name i apphccl, man • Ohio han .r inns use th -i.r lonr- winter evening con- tnlCLively in their ba em .nt workshops. Sune ar pare-time gunsmiths, om ti ~ ili ' , others work in· the le trotu<.: held. and a. few x pai-r watches nnd dock. . Th~ J]) ution of timepieces brin.g · to nind Bill G otry. Bill i. · krto n a n good rnan to b.andl ·watch · and lolks lvh.en they ar in need of r pair. :Bill Uk s to a - C< rnl.ilOdate hi (ello~ · h.ampion , and he b.a found that keeping in ~ t p with •atl r Time i lor of tun . lL ta.rted , just a h bb ", ut ho:-tv "the bo " keep Bill t rdt lm · . Repa:iring tel v.i ·ion and radio set ha be .n a bobb ' -:,;vit.h Fred ' teurer. "\Nhen h :wa . weaxing Na y blue, FTed' j b wa t11-at o£ an electronics t<: chn..ician. After stowing hi eabag for o·ood, h found tha t b tinkering ' ith rad.i ' and then television ets he "kept his hand in' and w:r able to u e kill cha t the Navy had taught him, drereb)r ke ·pll:lg n p what he had a t ready learned. WORh.lXG 0 . - A HEAD o.£ hi f:tther, Carroll Wilson .re.lax.e. in hi work-hop b carYing wood. Op bi" bench are se,zeral of the Fred. ha . ome valuabl . advtce to I a,ss oh to owners of 1'V s ts. U lain ts tltat sw it bing channels is hard cn1 a set, and that the n1orc the sele t "wrapp d u1 :· After rno · than two y ·ars of r ·s(~s ("D f'P Roell""), indu-.,trial ;:u~cl ommunity rclres1d nt .R ub n .B • .Rohert<;(m, Jr., L i11g int •rvit>w Ict by liarney O'Rou,:kc, a prO'fe sional actor wl o plays a tnagatine writ r, Martin Aker~. ·tre \'\liJd ing _ Lage . et · n h tCag J wa~ a ncar ntph a of Retd.Hm's office in Jhn·Jiltou. A NE-W EXf'F.R IENCE for two Champion execu ·ives was being ''marJe-up" for the movies. President Reuben B. Rob rtson, J r. (immediately below), and Vice-President Dwight J. 1 hom-n (bottom) are seen with ;\·fake- p Artist Jack Dumont at Wilding's Clticago studio . Both the pre;id.ent and vice-pTesident went through the ordeal in traditional Hollywood . tyle, "'hile Mrs. Thoms0n lent moral support to the cause. Dumont b rt ogni1.ed a' a leading figure in b1s profession . wa .. c n'lpleted d uring th early winter in vVilding Pictu e Productiom, Inc., tudi o..,. "'hooting" star ted la t prin . In th in terim, footage was sh ot in. vir ttt lly e,·ery J.r a of Cl ampion operation . At pre ent "'W:ilding techni ian ar bu il engaged in edi ting the thre film . It is e timated that the first pictur 'wi.ll b read for pre j ·w.ing some time in :March, vith th econ 1 and thir J. to f:o llow a t 60-d a , in.terval ·. Plan for "first h owiiJO's" ar in ompl' t , but will be annotJ nced in an carl ,· edition of h LOG. Professiona l actors ar c.L t in lead pa rt. , 1 ut the company fi lms will have a number o£ Champi ns in supporting role . Many indi idual from the Chan1pion milis and forestry commur1i ties ·will be ·een a,nd heard in the three picture . Each script pTesen ts a dramatic tory in film, with pointed ~bjectiv s a related to th title . However, each picrure also depjcts the over-all Champion ot~:ganization and the communities o£ which it is a part, and each i , a complete program in it el f. In e- enc , the films will serve Lo acquaint Champion's neigJ1bor and cu tomer 'With its forestry effort of encourag1ng . ound woodland policies (or future pulpwood and lumber suppl ; tb values of practical human :\ QV •R A.l.L vr ~·w sho vs Ll c V~s." In Lhe mo' i Dwf.g·l · ~ .vnJu.at~:;s t b~ •o!np:~ny's !JU!ilitkln rmn the 'lall.dpoint of htUl,la t'l valu s and th it· r 1ati6oshlp to indtl trial atmony. l l • . . ei ' - • ' THIS TATE FJ H H T H ER\' in th I ine fore ' ls n a.r Ja:p r i · a boon to Lhousand of Texas ·portsmen. · l 0 V\' , J L r: F D AJ\ 1 ft)l tm J. I ~ I ,700 acr f, 1N ca pa it v rc •rvou· neat j a~1 er . • - • It wel'l deserves its nickname, H t h e j e w e I o f t h e f o r e s t'' ' \ I - ---- 12 • • CARADINE P RK is one of several Line xecreation spots located near the city of ]a per. J PER, TEX has been nicknamed_ "J e·wel oJ th Forest" ' by Chamber of Comm rc pubhnty men. ncl th unu. ual thing about the publicity ni knan · i thar it j inacl qmn to d cribe tbi thriving little cit ' and it beautiful ·urroundings. · Shortly ft cr th vi llag £ Jasp r ' a · sti1bli he I on Sand)• ,r ck on hun lJocd thirt -odd ) ears ago, a visjLOr. G org \V . Sm ·th ·, wrote, '·] was r harn t l with the ,pptarancl' of the otnw . about Ja. p ·r. Th rich folia · - 1he cl n -' ne br:1ke - th.e p r n.nia] · tr 'lt1lS ;:, . 1 of w·at~:r - thc h€':altldnss of the CIDunt:-y-- apuvat<. r 1 and mad m beli vc Bevel' (J ohn H vel, f under of Ja ·per s ttl ement '\ a..s as n ar an .arllfl , paradise as · c- u]d l found." • • . , ' AJ>PR.0f'RJATE. SETTING o[ beautifu l p1ne this puhJic ~ll'irnming pool. in th commun ity . • nngs 'ARL HLL TO:-.:, lef t, manager of Champion's Jasper Pulpwood operations, p, su h a$ ele tricity, water, gas, telephon s, modern s h.oo'ls, church s, paved streets and ot.b. r conveniences. Tbe CC &: F Ra:ilway Fine s rv: s J a per .and two m i11 highways traver.· the county. It has a mod-em airport and nuruerou.s all· weathex fa m-to-mark t biglrwa)~· Jas-per Coun.y is one f the I ading, if not tl e 1 ading fo-req prodw:; t~ Divisi n fo prdpw Ott. - -- • • Diversified fanning, stock ra.isi nb, and poultr · prod t<:tion are a ls-o important industri ' ol this ve llbl sscd ar ·a. Not th kast im1 ort.ant is its l'ri ndly and progr s.· i clti''Z OI)'· Almo. t rvMion, the only Indian re rva tion i ll T a . 14 • r\ , 0 FH I R FAi\1fU. R ~ I , ff"T itt rh J 1. pet ;) rn~ i, Uli~ [Jt tlf)\ •.H)d tn lck. lu the b u kgromhl r 111 be ~n lh(· lt ujldi lt g'i awl fiJI] wOQd ·•orage y::tt d of C'h :l)1tp ~ou's T "· '> Divisi n Jasp r he dqua r1 ' l '· - ,\ CLO 'GR nEW of rhe pwlp1 o tl . torage p rtl Ul j :t>p ·r ~h t w. h:1 111pion R . C. VVunrl : c: d illg' ;'1 loaJ tltHl hu.s hc .lt hr ught in by nn inllcp•:nrlelll prndn r. ' be pro lti C't: is h nr · Hadnot, I ft . ' \ I ~ - - - ~ - APPRoxrM TELY · THRF..E :nom~s' DRIVE from ' Pa.~adeua (l<'V road mile and J. 1. nitile-5 as the crow flie to the northeast i · the little city of Jasper, Texas. 1L i the hub 0f on:e of the Te. as Division's largest pulpwood pr clueing ar as. Th a .. tl:lt:lf c~nter of this extens ive operati-on is ·a .ompany-o~ n l tran of 32-1 acres just ouLide the c:ity limit of Jasper. [t i - the headquarters of the Jasper . Divi ·on o{ the Tcxa:' \Vooc.ls Department and ·erves as · a reo iYing and swrage 'ard foT m~Jl-bound ·p~tlpwood [r m rhat area. Carl Hilwn, manager of the Ja p er 0peration is alw as'li tan::. Texa Divi-ion wood~ 11:1ana~er and manager of T xa.s Fore ·t Fa.tn:1s. He dire t the activitjes o£ a p- • .. I I • - • Busy offic€ serves as G. H. Q. for the company's woods operations over a wide area · proximately 50 company eropluyees, including a 35-man woods cre,w. . .. Independent contraction and the Champion crews in the Jasper area produce almost one out of every six cords of pulpwood consumed. by the Texas Division. The c:tttting area is roughly J30.mi1es long and 75 miles wide. Jasp 1· js near the center and the approxima te bQtn'l:datie.s M"e Center on the nonh, Humtington on the wf,';st, B0'n Wier on the east, and Orange on the south. Four railroad line serve that area and trar;tsport the pulpwood w the mill at Pasad€ila. In addititm to producing, buying and toring wood, Hilton and the other Charupions at Jasper manage a peution of the con1pa.ny-owned forest lands. ' I l\ Ll\ . D 0\.\.;\.l:f.l , · ) . ]), :K n, right, go<~<; o Cl' a ~nu::t uf hi~> holdings l itl\ Ghampi"" l'l Bnyer T•.uda l>e~u. J}e• n <)rtd Kc.!ll di.'ICll ·sed th pfJtU IJility of wol'l:; " t th J, .. p<;r Oll'i · - ls t'ht:: t e~t,on sibilit f th rw ·OOd cut on th.i tl.act. proxhn. tel ): 1 J!) mite~ fr JJJ Pttsad l:l. bt t j-st,b .'nlli <111, Pbnt. ~Lmrdill,lb,_r of' t-'~llJ . " ' rl l· .. ·r e t· in 1 iJ;,rgiug nptipnwut and Ut.nnptutr ''"rkt11cu wlw make tlt t'. hiu)J ' • AI I\ ant' (/tm•e1 f, It ). in ur.Jtl< t IOI!lp;lll } I<")Jlt'.;(.' lli :J till ', ~t:tlld' fll: l11'alh tJt ' filtt'd di\.;t'l l JG a team to finish this j 0 b • • •• ' "'I If I IIICUFR l lltlliJ ~ '!he 100,000 1 ott lld nnit (tup, Ct'lll(' ' h 'f ne it i~ c·t int•' 1ft ~· ltnl ·a t ilw h 1t 1wn of di gt·srt'r. The llnlr 11ao; d11g )lli 'P"'I'il 10 gilt' tilt' di gr\l t' t h-;~rattl(~ llrt nO\\< 1 dy to b low€red into perman<:>~1l position. \\'E \R Y R 1 CCU G R "\. ( loll•r r ,.i14h l ), pa 1 rscs a t.t1p t ~te n e~" ~Jigester. ' h. .fob w s c,m'tlplet d (tui · ly a rt il :ddy dc·,p it. lu~;e workillg qttarLer&. Som 20 ottw.r ere' " aided in til nwvt:'. Wn IN CAROL.LNA t;HAMPLONS tackle a l:ougb assjgnmcnt - such as insta[]ing a 50-Lon li gestcr - they d monstrate that teamwork pays def.inj te c1 i videncl s. Installation of No. I u Digester late in Nov ·m ber posed a different problem. T he 1nam.moth unit had been bought at a cost of more th an $17,000 and it had to be installed qui ckly and safely_ It tipped the scales at 50 tons, was 4 7 feet high and measured I 0 feet in diame ter. There was Iiule clearance on l.y about five in ches here and th ere - ~vhich posed as another pro blem for the workmen, all of . whom had ~; n ccessfullv' ompleted many tough jobs during their Champion careers. . You an't "jerk" a heavy and dose job of rigging. Can ton Champion riggers know this . is so; they can nc:ver afford to d isregard the safety angle. Teamwork, mixed with an abundance of close ooperation among all working units, is the positive answer to compleLing a big, heavy job in record time. L 1- though. the task ·of r emoving and installing digesters is primarily a job for Champion r iggers, at least 20 other crews played a part in this operation. . T he job was completed without the sl ightest accident. T he whole task. was haza.rdou from start to finish, but all Champions -vvho con tributed to the job proved they were safety-minded all down the line. Al Kane, chief e ngineer of the mechanical and e lectrica l div ision of the Mutual Boiler and 1ach.inery Insurance Company, Boston, said Carolina Champion workmen were th.e sa fest, most dependable and rnost reliable of any he h.a ev r known. 1 a nc ohserve l the job cJos ly and h · h ·. be n known for years ru a " very c1 o se o b server. ..· '\ irhin nine days a ft· r· th · old digest r stared mov.ing out the n w No. 16 had been pla.c: ~d on the lin " and w~ s in full production. Whil no dfort ,.vas mad Lo es tablish a record, as su h, in r lllO\ ing nd insta J ling rh hea )' dig ster, a iJ 'ham! ion>:; in ol n.:d nr thankful th • a~si,.,nh ·nt N"as t..m);)plc:L tl ac o ling lO schedule ~ aut a Jy. TJ t pi c ture~ on the~<' t vo p.geyshow . J1ow th. ~:: difficllll msk. wa · ~o eh ool&. " - .'.·. .... . THE NEW ME:\4BERS' DIN:'\ER at the Hamilton YH \ \l'as th occa ion fox this group picture. Left to r igh t: Dick Nein , Ohio Division Emj)lovm cnt; J c.- e Haiue·, •I.OIJ.t\.!Otnt'rv ountv .\u t!itor: I , _. J ~ and iVlel Fields, Ohio Wage dmini. Lrn~ io11 . 1\fr. H.tin s.. fcirmerly a big league pitcheT wi rh the SL. Lou i al' !ina.!. w:-ts princit. J .p aker een a Texa · crab . This fact, O~ OHH'...e, makes The !>lOr · beli vable e\Cn withOIIl pi torial evidence. • FRO\.! O ' LO. ;'\!OR\\ .\\. toP;~ ·1dena. Te~· a. i~ a f~'>ng joulney. !au lhe change in lemper~tLUrc i · cH•n !neater. sa'' Bern l 1-os>t •rs. Tl1 1}1:. k lka s won 13-7, 20 -,;'IT . VV lN OR LOSE, the a n uual Turk y Day football conte . be-tween the Waynesville High chool Mountai:ne r and the Canton High Sch ool Black Bears is the "gan1e of til ~ear·· insofar as this immediate section of \ 1\'e cern 'ort!1 Carolina is concerned. T his year the Bears won the rrrid iron g· rne l · -7. But scores don't amount to m uch with th fans, so long- a · tlt\' two school bands furnish plen ty of a rion ar. h.al f ti l:h . It wa con ·ervative ly stimated tha l no k: than 4. ~ 00 r~ Ih crow l d e · r nook a,nd om er of th 1 a l a1h l tic fid 1 Thanksg.ivino· aftcrnoou. Ki k o ff w·ts r iaht on th button - 2:30p.m. The Wayn . ville-Cant n gnme h ew 1.000 more p T~ons chan saw th Optimist 13ov l ontest in .\ .;;h ,·illc ,.h. ·r' slig·hrly t'rlon' than ~ . 000 [at~s e:rt 011 hand for the fh. nk. - • • g' U1h progrn.m. id fro111 tb gab w lor _ >[ tlt ' 1 rogT~II ll . tht: gri lir0u on tcst pi'Oper w :~ s Ja.b •l •d one uf tht> bcs l o fft'r d in the ouuty in ye. r'i. Hot.h team<; w ' r<' at rheir bes t. Wayr1 s .ill 111a , be• 01 t )lt' wiunirt);!; si 1 _ nJ iht fc)u tba ll 1 dg . c ntc nc I T llallk'>gi iug-. lht t reg n rdk~- 'r how i.h' two t ·amr.; sracl up ne: l •t•ason, a ~ real , howling tttnltl lt wi ll wit ness r b · pl o-gram. Rq;a rllk -,~ o l the> .~C'o r a t haH-Lifl t(', tilt ' ll t·~· m; d n tt nse unti l U1 · fi n;d whi ~ tl · hring~ lb · high st ho 1 o-J·idirnll ·. ·em lo ;,t c leN•. Thl' : lw: ty" rlo. ' • • • •• T Fn r; ,\Rit: - IT "' ' ·n TONY l\U:.NZFR le ft Lhc Ohio I in ion/fiull Pl?n p11:hing a brok- box. bound for tb · Wet End of No. 2 . . -\s th ·y pa.s 'cl th Dog House, th 'y ran lnw Bud ]'.; al \vim w:.t · reportino· dandy Licks to rrll Hoskin Ente1·ing the }\Jachin Roorn on th eir . m, th iGtl trip T ·d and Tnn . ;;n\· that John Fugae h:u:L just stopped making h · nJ ·was pulli.ng the quirt ba ck to the front ide. t.\s }nhu '""enL back to adju ·t the jordan·, he saw Henry Cru·pentei' d1eck ing a furnish, on the way to the 1i ·ht hou ·c. "'e .rer 1 rnen pa eel any in;:>· spud sticks. Had thi. been th ir first day at Champion, Ted Garrett and Tony Menzer probab1 ' would have tried to jump inLO the Labor Pool , f r the lingo at Champion '·oulrl hase been too much for them. · 'om on.e could have explained to them that in a 1 aper mill broke box is merely a large box made to c [}tain t·va te paper, a:nd that hay is the accumulation of w·a-re pape (rom a paper machine after a break. A nRO E BO ' is nothin n · to John $ ump, No. 2 M iJ l Trirnrners. l t's u ·ed l1 e1 e tO w nta ill th sh. ving~ us paper ls l.r iHHtlcd. John 't. job entails b a n 1 · n g t.l e: uo · no the Be t. .r Ro n . They cou ld h ave been tcJltl Ll1at the Dog- Hou ~e in Nu. 2 M.ill i a romn in wbich the humidity is constant, and that iL's u ed to condition paper. They a lso could hav b -en L01d tha t dandy Jicb ;.trt rnadzs or imperfeC-tions le ft on a h cet of paper by th dandy roll. Mo t new employees learn that a furnish is jw.t a recipe for pnpcr, and thaL Jigb t houses arc u ~ ua lJ y io und wherever there's a n eed to mat h a orad to its standard for likeness of shade. • Almo ·t e ery newcorncr to Charnr ion has found out aboHt the Labor Pool, and jn . hort order 1 lea n ll t nJeanings of rnany other terms which ar wed in the manufa~ ture o£ paper. .H guick.ty adds to 1 is vocabula; ry th.e jargon u eel by the Old T irn ersi because th · explanation of many processes is diHic dt without using paper mill lingo. The n ext t ime a youngster approache " you and a ks. «Hey, when~ 's the floppcr?" think back. t , our (irst day and th en tell h im. - - - -- ---- 1.\1\l ( ; H\Y i-.,n<>l- ¥ the dog house , nor - \.. ..,.., -- bulls - ------ - - - - --. • ·THI:, ET LND of ;J p;rp 1 n,;,c-hiJ •C l i [h' r.~ "'ll !IH'III]!,Jt fn11ll 11hc r· ' el 'll:d . Atddt: " MLIIv" \1<:H:lr<>. 1:1 hin<' ' f'<•rt(!f·r• 011 Nq. ?, m-a c· a lr il rlW' iu th rkc· k edp;c· !, ~ r )rn\i t"J~; tlw squirt; it i-s j~' "l on (JI th.c t l ii•U ~and~ tTl dj,l.S llll . ,,t~ 1 rpdrnl oi a , i ll u pap .r !1iJaohine op nHM. 22 • • 1n the b u II pen I ' 'II IF li'l t.NO POOL, llll\re for rn,d l} ki1CI\I n "~ Lh!C (>tJn. l nw " . teri · 1 ('ut.d , j~ ( 16 let th . Jl en , not bull ·. i-n!'i:d c. ·1 ht~ " llull 11eJ.l " i ~ rne r~:,:ly 21 nam g,iven ro tit R1 , ·ar h n ·part· Ol t::ll t .aH ~n<~ t J'iloL l'l. t d by th , Ch m. La b. ~I'h i s is n c ···ary td ontrol fa t rs such d sample LO dtt rrttin ilJ.i tnak ·'· 1.;1 p ::tnd the ma Lcria Is nscd to pnxlu it. Com[ la int o l a nature invol ing the stren gth and ma terhls in our owl papti!rs arc quit~ o(t ·n rderre 1 to onr La:b i.n ord ·r tQ correct (utu re !>hi pro en ts. Alf c f t l.1 . a h~H'!.:! prognnn ' a. we ll a .~ the supplyi ng nf t ·st sr1h1tio ns for o1bn dqxrrcm -,nt. in the mill, D J~ke up d \c wo k pcrfornwo by tht' H~11oilbm1 Di ision Chern J .al . All of he ]X )j>l . working her under the capable sup vi i 11 oi Glyde Nmcros tal« · ]Wide 111. OJll ribu t il b th '- outst::t>nding . et i our mill. • ' Beware the '~S panish Swindle" mysterious l •tt r Iron• M 'xico a rri.v d . re cutly on th , desk of G ~:trd n r vVri .·ht, presid en t o£ the · c:rne l'aper Company of St. Luuis . . . ·This 1 tt "r d c:ribcJ . the p light of ~ . "p ri on·( . in .1 ~ul for banhu p t·cy, who; tt tat rued, had $ ,8FJ,OOQ lucid · 1 jn a u·unk ~·. t a Cus LOlTtS, H ms · i-n The Uni t d State . h Jetiet oHcr<;d Wtjg'hl a on -LJijrcl sha re of the fort1 111c if h · would h ·Jp th . pri · n er to pay r t~un cx pc n ~;es rtecc 'sary to r ~cov er tli e lll011 -y. S , ~~ 1'11e.~ prnsp ~ ct w <:~s yick e~~ ou~ for th · old ~n d farnou 1pam:sh PtJ on T Sw111 ·11e. · It 1s nrren tJy l ·mg operat d by a gang- in Mex ico whi h pr ·ys o 1 unwary Americans i1 tbe h ope of ext.tHCling as much a.$ $10,000 from ea h of tl\cm. Cardn r Wright ptov ·cl unwilling to play th eir game;, how evei~, al d turned his J tl ·t ov r to th _ St. Ju is Pos · Office In 1 e tor. The insp crot irtfonned h·im that s or of th s" J tt<:: rs are b ein rna il d fJ'Om fcx ico; and that de plte I ost OfCice warning:;, ma ny 0 .S. citizens fa ll i tim of the gang. A re ent ani 1. in th . aturday Evening Post give, complet details n the o perational 1 1 tb9ds of th _ windl r, . Meanwhile, 't\Tright notified The OG of hh xperience. "I think it might prove intere .. ting to your LOG reader s,'' he sa id. "e. p ·ciaJJy if i t sav,s tl1em some~ mon ey.' " ' \ IT .CC T , tER. GRO\ , :-.o ~rows Champion . . . Th . noingh;:tm Papn Com pan ' o.f .Birmingl1am , Ala.. has re · entl) at JlUIJ n< -d th e. ·pans.ipn £if i ls I ctor • f. il i ti as hown in the pl .-Jto above. Th t uttiQ.g drum JO.ajo:r and the ~Y rd " · ift)"" ar tl.eir tegi!>t~l ,!fl trad -warl - ju t a the . a mpicrn Xnight and K•J,!F1l:t.n • are trade· roa~" ' h rnpion. ~~ be Rirmingh am Pav Cnm • tl} hU}$ pape:r rr-m h;nuplon l) h RHODA { 'CL , RI, aro limt l)j i ion t JepJwne oper. tor, point" out the .anto · Offi to Lu ill 0.~ , General ffice reHef pera t r. Rhoda \rLsit ·d Hamil on in Ocwb t . n 1 n tu(' f c w fafe it ·m a ~t.ati m ty, tahkt~ and b(J. with m; n. of t b . p ople sh l1a:d me t by phon . fHUt f \' \'J~ i\ RS AGO in n c ·wq ·r Vi eP rct,;iGknt H etb Ranll 11 wn (JJ3era riur; tltfs ,.!J, r ( lrj l)) ut t it Ohio nivi;.ion. H · 11.::t th··n co upping at the Ur,i v>r. it • nl ··n· i!U> II/ ;,' •ht:1 1.t ~ in • P1 tirl '11 1. llidl r · .. ld;il l liJ;'h t ;nd i t ;,rnt . ~•() t ' · tO.Ill Rr'"' 11 Bm . lr 11 . Thi, i~ th•· twtdtl lll:' R 11 .•: u d {fl ' ' .tt> ll J1fn ld p! llfH" lfl • ' · I Texans, Eggs and Chewing Gum By George Steiner Johnny Bryan and Flo ·d "Fu zzy" H oskins frmn down Texa way dropped ii1 at the Safety Office , to say h Uo dq.ring th ir visit 'in July. Both look good, and we mu t sa · they look younger than when they shook off the du t of Hamilton several years ago. 'Fuzzy," being in a generous mood, passed out cigars r.o the hoys in the Safety Office. If Captain· Roy Hollis, ter's conten tion to "judge a man by the cigar he gives away, and not by the cigar he smokes," holds tru e, then our old pal, buddy and sidekick is a gentleman of the first ''rater. The brand of the cigar was "Black Peter/' no le . Ray Lynn wa forced to take a ·week 's vacation after he smoked one, the ,. eakling. Our first glance, when. J ohnny and Fu zzy droppecl in at the Safety Office, wa at their fee t. W'e looked for. T xas boots, l!lut no dice. vVe probably never will ee an_y of tho e hornlares from Houstotl wearing boots, for a man must own two head of cattle before he is en titled .to wear boots in Texa . H e must own three h ead of cattle before he om stuff th right pan ts -Ieg in, four head to stuff both pant<; leg·s in. Only the owner ot six b.ead can wear spurs and y 11, "Yipp ee! ' * * ... The F rench ta-ugh t tbe world 685 ways to pr~ pare eggs fm' rh table, and one way is a good: as tJ:le other, as f.ar as ]0hnny Brehms of C.M. Cutt ·rs is. con ern cL He like th m that well. Egg~ are a st..ap le food, aud if 'l;v onsid ~r that a.n egg umsti.tute a day'. '"''ork for a h n, w • mqst ach1JiL rhat th · prjc of et{gs is ~ath ~.:r· lo·w. nd e m ig h t add tl .at compat ·d to what A<1am. paid (or one a p-ple, frui t · low at any price. A mn..,.,rs it ·m tell ~> o ( a p rop ri·tOr ol an it('·cr~~m parlor in '\Vi hita, Kan s., who ort d nh tg c.tnd 1 ·pailiilg' bis tahle.~ found 1 ~5() wa_d. •>( cbnvi11g gnm ru·ck to their und ·rside. This bring to mind a i1Ailar place here in Ohio. On the tr:ip t Col uri1bu to a ttend th AU.-01. io . afc.-1y C~mgress two year ago, we stopped at a small (own 26 f r c n, ;;~nd dou "h.llll '. To get quLker rs ' rvi e the nt -'U pli int u::ral gro up~. Ffauked ,by Tiu 'bop 'ur c_>r · i~o Totti Ja ·olJi, and B / ' hn r tj up TV J l){)J' 1 a rtm H H he I heeL. 'We' ('J1l('l' >d • n ice:.rr arn alld d"rughn ut shop. ;vtarlin ha.pp ned to nm hn; hand tm ·tv th , ta ble wlnlc v.· w ·re waitinw leo be ~ rv cJ, and discover d that the und ·r· irle w 6 literally < ov red tn b ye . t~f h wing gttm. ·xanunation prnved tlt ' oth r tab! • 10 th .same 0;1chtion. N >ecl1 · o . ;:~ 1 111~ i t h T ue o l us tot1ch 1 the crlo ghn rt in that p l l:I:C(;, , len Baker, B r hop lllli.S t have been C. J1ing good Lhat dar h asked us ·what h o les in boards ar lf: the ·u·c k not hoi s. :13 fore we atl!>Wcr that question w would like tO ask a few our €lves: G len, di y u e er .see an apple turn o-ver? Or a hOT e flyi- • ' MR. AND MRS. Will· · ian1 .Butns, in celeb:ratiHg their .?Oth wedding anni,-• a w cr·11Jell 1tl ~~l ace co wm k, n.nd. tlary ha l'(' 1 noci.('Tful lea l ·• '-hip. \f ' 1 ~ <1 \'l'l i .~ 1k a1 1•hc Lt•t• l will blcs · Gh.;.~ rupi n an I lt>t it I .. JH O\ f i'l a I •·1 )' .. • Ohio WITH EDDIE STOO P'S :tppearing to I~· a leep artd Ierli n Brifl ·s hand in tbe ail . Lhe camera nwght mcf11be-rs of tl1 cl a.->s f t920 a, the might have appeucd to th i . tc. ·
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Issue 15.4 of the Review for Religious, 1956.
A. M. D. G. Review for Religious JULY 15, 1956 To The Sons of Ignatius ......... Pope Plus XII For the Greater Glory of God .... Henry Willmerlng Sisters’ RetreatsmlV .......... Thomas Dubey The Occasional Confessor ...... Meurlce B, Welsh Mother Theodore Guerln ........ Sister Eugenla Thoughts on Transfers ......... Winfr~d Herbsf Book Reviews Questions and Answers Communicafions VOLUME XV No. 4 R V EW VOLUME XV FOR RELIGIOUS JULY, 1956 NUMBER 4 CONTENTS TO THE SONS OF IGNATIUS--Pope Pius XII .......... 169 SOME PAMPHLETS .... : .............. 172 FOR THE GREATER GLORY OF GOD--Henry Willmering, S.3. . 173 ST. IGNATIUS AND THE EUCHARIST ........... 176 PICTURE MEDITATIONS ................ 176 SISTERS’ RETREATS--IV--Thomas Dubay, S.M ......... 177 OUR CONTRIBUTORS .................. 184 THE OCCASIONAL CONFESSOR-~Maurice B. Walsh, S.3 ...... 185 VOCATIONAL FILMSTRIP ................ 188 MOTHER THEODORE GUERIN--Sister Eugenia ......... 189 PAMPHLETS ..................... 201 THOUGHTS ON TRANSFERS---Winfrid Herbst, S.D.S ........ 202 COMMUNICATIONS .................. 206 BOOK REVIEWS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS-- Editor: Bernard A. Hausmann, S.J. West Baden College West Baden Springs, Indiana ............ 210 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS-- 24. Obligation for Postulants ~o Make General Confession ..... 2i9 25. Helpful Canon Law Books .............. 220 26. Putting Water in Finger Bowl Before Mass ........ 220 27. Too much Canon Law in Constitutions? ......... 220 28. Why Frequent Mass in Black Vestments .......... 221 29. Beginning Noviceship While Hospitalized ......... 222 SOME BOOKS RECEIVED ............... ¯ . 224 REVIEW FOR RELIGIOUS, July, 1956. Vol. XV, No. 4. Published bi-monthly: January, March, May, July, September, and November, at the College Press, 606 Harrison Street, .Topeka, Kansas, by St. Mary’s College St. Marys, Kansas, with ecclesiastical approbation. Entered as second class matter, January 15, 1942, at the Post Office, Topeka, Kansas, under the act of March 3, 1879. Editorial Board: Augustine G. Ellard, S.3., Gerald Kelly, S.J., Henry Willmering, S.J. Literary Editor: Edwin F. Falteisek, S.J. Publishing rights reserved by REVIEW FOR RELIGIOUS. Permission is hereby granted for quotations of reasonable length, provided due credit be given this review and the author. Subscription price: 3 dollars a year
50 cents a copy. Printed in U. S. A. Before writing o us, please consult notice on inside back cover. To the Sons d Igna!:ius Pope Pius XII [EDITORS
NOTE: We present here the text of the letter sent by the Holy Father to John Baptist Janssens, General of the Society of Jesus, on July 31, 1955. The footnote references have been omitted.] IT was a real joy for Us to hear that the Society of Jesus, which you, beloved son, have been governing for the past nine years, is about to celebrate with solemn festivities the memory of its holy founder on the fourth centenary of his death
to the end that all its m’embers may be aroused to a more ardent love of their beloved father and lawgiver, and a more perfect observance of his Institute. These centennial celebrations receive Our hearty approval and We join thereto Our prayers for their success, all the more willingly for the well-founded hope that rich benefits will flow from them not only to the sons of St, Ignatius but also to the souls of the faithful. For, just as by an" Apostol.ic Letter expressing Our affection on the occa-. sion of the fourth centenary of the founding of your Society, as a gesture of comfort to Ourselves as well as to you, "We reckoned up with gratitude those remarkable achievements which God in His providence had brought about in the course of the past four hundred years "through’the Society of old and today," so We take pleasure in recalling the same on this occasion as a precious pledge for the future. We are also happy to exhort you once more from the heart of a father to carry forward with untiring earnestness, especially in the spiritual sphere, all your activities, your ministries and everything by which you may give timely answers to the changing and ever-increas-ing needs of our own times. We have been informed that all your provinces throughout the world have with a will set themselves to celebrate this centenary year by devoting themselves with still greater zeal and fidelity to the Spi6tual Exercises of their father and founder and to spreading their use more Widely. In truth, St. Ignatius has left his sons no legacy more precious, more useful, more lasting than that golden book which,: from the time of Paul III, sovereign pontiffs and innumerable saints in the Church have frequently praised most highly. If there is truth in that which Father La Palma wrote, that the book of the Spiritual Exercises was the firstborn of St. Ignatius, the saintly author can be equally well said to have been the firstborn of those Exercises. They are what invigorated his soul with new life, guided his first steps in the way of perfection, increased his strength to enable him 169 POPE PIUS XII Review for Religions to choose the divine King wearied by toil, harassed by insults, sub-missive to torture and death in the service of His eternal Father, and to follow Him to the very summit of love, so that, ablaze with the fire of divine love, he ardently desired to bring not only himself, but the whole world, to the feet of Christ our Savior. Ignatius, who had tested the great force of these Exercises, on one occasion declared that in them was contained ".everything that is most excellent that I can think of, feel and comprehend in this life, to enable a man to make fruitful progress in his own soul, and be of benefit and a stimulus to others." So no one will be surprised that your saintly founder wished to be fully tested in these Exercises each one who desired in this Society "to fight God’s battle under the banner of the Cross, and to serve solely our Lord and His Spouse, the Church, guided by the Roman Pontiff, Vicar of Christ on earth.’
He wished his sons to imbibe that spirit, which is the foundation of the Society, from the same source from which he had drunk his new life. This spirit is a mar-velous and holy ardor of mind, aroused by the grace of God work-ing in the Exercises, which would make them not only desirous, but prompt and eager, to devote themselves to God’s glory, and for the sake of the same, to undertake exacting labors. Hence, forgetful of their own convenience, shunning leisure, devoted to the practice of prayer based on personal mortification, they would strive with all their might to attain the end proposed to them in the Society. Btit when Ignatius, authorized by Pope Paul III, Our predeces-sor of happy memory, later composed the Constitutions and gave them to his companions, his intention was not that rigid laws should replace the living and life-giving law of interior love. And after the Society was established, he did not lose sight of the meaning of that phrase, "to be at the special service of the Holy See" under the stand-ard of the Cross, that Cross to which Jesus Christ affixed the decree written against us, after He had wiped it out, so that all men might be freed from Satan’s power and march in the light of faith and warmth of charity. The command given on Mr. Olivet sounded clearly in his ear: .’,and you will be my witnesses . . . to the ends of the earth." Later Augustine would write: "spread charity through the whole world, if youl want to love Christ because Christ’s mem-bers are throughout the world." And Ignatius himself was destined to see over a thousand of his followers serving under the standard of the Cross in the distant lands of Europe, America, India, Ethiopia. This was the beginning of that apostolate which would call his sons 170 ~ 1956 TO THE SONS OF IGNATIUS to the vast field of the I~ord, some to the heathen missions, which the popes over the years would be entrusting to them to till with un-remitting labor, exact knowledge, ’even with their blood
others tO labor close to heads of state, or among those oppressed by slavery
still others to direct schools of youth or to occupy university chairs
still others to give the Spir.itual Exercises to every class of men, or to enrich and brighten the world of letters by their writings. It will be for the Constitutions to open the road by which the whole So-ciety and all its members, though dispersed throughout the worId yet united to each other and its head by the same love of the eternal King, might in the spirit of the Ignatian Institute attain that perfect manner, of life which is the chief fruit of the Exercises. Beloved son, who of the Society, in this fourth centenary year, will not listen .to that word, once Paul’s now Ignatius’: "Be con-tent, brethren, to follow my example and mark well those who live by the pattern we have given them." Through God’s goodness, the Society never lacked saintly men, who, exactly obedient to the Exer-cises of Ignatius, kept that pattern unmarred, and drew energy and strength to live precisely according to the Constitutions, so as to re-produce in themselves more perfectly that patte,rn, and work more effectively for souls. Plus VII, of immortal memory, sought men of this stamp when he wished to equip Peter’s storm-tossed bark with strong, expert oarsmen
Holy Mother Church in these troubled times asks the Society for helpers of the same mould. May today’s sons of Ignatius, therefore, strive to follow in their footsteps. Under the standard of the Cross may they stand firm against all the at[acks of the princes of this world of darkness. Loving and ready obedience must be shown to superiors, especially the Supreme Pontiff
this is their most honorable badge. To worldly desires, love of poverty must be opposed
to empty pleasure a certain austerity of life and un-tiring labor
to the discords and. quarrels of the world, gentle and peace-bringing brotherly love, love for each other and for all men
to materialism that sincere and earnest faith which always acknowl-edges and reverences the presence of God in the universe. If all this comes to pass, Ignatius, though dead, will live on in his sons. As We write these lines, dear son, with all the love of a father’s heart, Our thoughts turn to those fathers and brothers who have suffered or are actually suffering bitter exile and torture at the hands of their persecutors. Surely they are most worthy sons, echoing the most glorious traditions of the Society of Jesus. They are confessors of the Catholic faith,, who are aft" honor to their brethren as well as 171 PoPE PIUS XII an example.. May God strengthen them
most willingly do We bless them. But it is to all the softs of Ignatius that We extend our lov-ing greetings, begging God that under the patronage of your founder, father, and lawmaker, protected by the ever Blessed Virgin Mary, they may day by day increase in virtue, thus moulded by divine grace into a strong instrument so that all things may be guided aright by the di~,ine hand, and happily contribute to the greater glory of God. In testimony of Our special benevolence towards the Society of Jesus, We lovingly bestow on you, dear son, and on all those re-ligious throughout the world entrusted to your charge, the Apostolic Blessing. SOME PAMPHLETS All That 1 Want. The story of John F. Logsdon. Edited by Paschal Boland, O.S.B. Grail Publications, St. Meinrad, Indiana. Pp. 107. 25c. In Silence Before God. Examination of Conscience. By M. M. Philipon, O.P. Translated by A. M. Crofts, O.P. The Newman PresL Westminster, Maryland. Pp. 46. 30c. Family Limitation. Modern Medical Observations on the use of the ’Safe Period.’ By John Ryan, M.B., B.S., F.R.C.S., F.I.C.S. Foreword by .Alan Keenan, O.F.M. Sbeed and Ward, 840 Broadway, N. Y. 3. Pp. 36. (Price not given.) Sacramentals, Medals, and Scapulars. By Winfrid Herbst, S.D.S. Society of St. Paul, 2187 Victory Blvd., Staten Island 14. Pp. 55. 35c. Your Child’s Religious Liberty. By Virgil C. Blum, S.J. Catechetlcal Guild, Educational Society, St. Paul 2, Minnesota. Pp. 64. 15c. Mental Prayer. By Cyril Bernard, O.D.C. Clonmore and Reynolds, 29 Kildare St., Dublin, 1955. Pp. 48. 2/6d. The Canon of the Mass. By Dom Placid Murray, O.S.B. Part I deals with the history of the canon. Part II gives a new English translation. Here is new light on an old problem. Pp. 14. Fourpence. The Furrow, St. Patrick’s College, May-nootb, Ireland. The following pamphlets are from the Queen’s Work, 3115 S. Grand Blvd., St. Louis 18, Mo., and are 10c each. How Brave Can You Be? By Bakewell Morrison. S.J. Pp. 31. Personality and Mental Health. By Hugh P. O’Neill, S.J. Pp. 27. These Lucky Catholics. By Daniel A. Lord. S.J. Pp. 40. Mary’s Morning Minute. Compiled by Florence Wedge. Pp. 40. Mary Always Remembers You. By T. N. Jorgensen, S.J. Pp. 32. What a Sinyle Girl Can Do fdr Christ. By W. B. Faherty, S.J. Pp. 32. Which Rites Are Right? By Brother Aurelian Thomas, F.S.C. Pp. 29. The Tree of Life. Also, Seven Supernatural Powers. By Rev. Joseph A. Lauritis, C.S.Sp. Holy Ghost Fathers, 1615 Manchester Lane, N.W., Washington 11, D. C. Pp. 32. 10c each. Why a Priest Is Called Reverend Father." By Dora Rembert Sorg, O.S.B. Plo Decimo Press, Box 53, Baden Station, St. Louis 15, Mo. Pp. 22. 20c. 172 For Ehe reat:er lory ot: Henry Willm.ering, S.J. THIS well-known maxim of St. Ignatius Loyola ,aptly expresses his devotion to a great cause: the. spread.of God s kingdom on earth. We consider here how he came by it, lived by it, prayed for it, suffered and died for it
and how, realizing that he could not carry out God’s work alone, he gathered disciples about him, who embraced the same cause: namely, to pray, labor, and suffer for this ideal, the promotion of God’s greater glory. Inigo of Loyola lived in an era of conquest and discovery. The year of his birth, 1491, marked the conquest of Granada and the liberation of Spain from Moorish rule. In this conquest Inigo’s father took a prominent part. The next year Columbus discovered a new world
and during Inigo’s youth great national heroes, like De Soto, Cortez and Pizzaro, added many provinces to the Spanish empire. A brother, Hernandez, died in the conquest of Mexico
and two otherbrothers fell on Europe’s battlefields. What wonder that the youngest son of Loyola should wish to distinguish himself in the service of his ~sovereign majesty and devote his talents to the promotion of the greater glory of Spain. In this ambitious career, God halted him after his first display of heroism. A far nobler course and loftier ideal was revealed to him. He was invited to enlist in the service of an eternal King. But the thought of transferring his allegiance frightened him at first
it seemed so fantastic to give up a promising career and disappoint all his friends. After a hard struggle, he yielded to divine grace, though the plan he bad for the future was still rather vague and imaginative. After making a pilgrimage to Palestine, he thought he might live as a hermit: pray, fast, and practice other austerities, as did the saints, in atonement for his past sinful life. Before God can use an instrument for His purpose, He must first temper it in the fire of suffering. The desire of doing and suffering great things for God is often "an illusion of self-love, and nothing so effectively blocks the designs of God as this human failing. Accord-ingly Inigo had to be purged of every vestige of self-complacency. After a brief period of peace of soul and heavenly consolations, he was continually troubled with harassing fears and scruples. He re-doubled his penances and prolonged the time of prayer and sought relief in works of mercy, but all in vain. Neither repeated confes-sions, nor the. advice of spiritual directors offered him the least con- 173 HENRY WILMERING Reoieto For Reliqious solatioh. It was only after his soul had been stirred to its very depths and he-had been led to the brink of despair that finally he regained his composure of soul
and then he had, as he said, "mar- ,,ellous illuminations and extraordinary spiritual consolations." He seemed io himself like a new man, "who had been awakened from a ’drugged sleep." Ever after he had a different outlook on life and cdncentrated all his efforts and care on promoting the greater glory of God. During this period he began to note down material for what was to become the book of the Spiritual Exercises. Briefly he set down in writing the truths upon which he had meditated, the ex-periences through which he passed
and, by combining them into a systematic course, he forged a weapon that would be serviceable, not merely to the soldier who first wielded it, but which would pass from one generation to the next as a trenchant "sword of the spirit, th’at is the word of God." ¯ We so often emphasize the infinity, knowledge, and providence of Gc
d. In the Spiritual Exercises we find another aspect of the divine nature made central: the will of God. St. Ignatius points out to us that God has a purpose, a plan, a will for each one of us. His Mm ih the Exercises is to make men realize this important truth and to bring them to that disposition in which they will say with our Lord: "I seek not my own will, but the will of Him that sent me." Because God is infinitely wise and good, His will represents the o. nly thing in life worth living and dying for. The man who seeks continually to know and do God’s will lives for the greater glory of God. St. Ignatius made this the bed-rock principle on which he built up his own spiritual life. So firmly did he hold to it, that some years before his death he could say, that for thirty years’he had never put off anything which had been de-cided for God’s greater glory. As a trained soldier, however, be wished to receive God’s orders through a. captaih. The thoughtful perusal of the life of Christ dur-ing his convalescence had convinced him that Jesus Christ was the divinely appointed leader, whom all must follow. Since the prin-ciples taught by our Lord are the expression of His Father’s will, and the example of Christ is the norm by which we may measure our conformity to it, the imitation Of Christ is the fulfillment of God’s. will. The ideal is, that even when "the praise and glory of God would be equally served, I desire and choose poverty with’Christ poor, rather than riches, in order to imitate and be in reality more FOR THE GREATER GLORY OF GOD like Christ our Lord
I choose’insults with Christ loaded with them, rather than honors
I desire to be accounted as worthless.and a fool for. Christ, rath’er than to be esteemed as wise and prudent in this world. So was Christ treated before me." Our divine’Lord had a mission entrusted to Him by His Father: to call all men to His standard and encourage them to embrace His principles. He trained apostles and sent them throughout the whole world to spread His doctrine among men. Similarly St. Ignatius gathered disciples," taught them the principl~s of Christ. through the Spiritual Exercises, and, when they were well trained, he sent them to every land to spread G0d’s’kingdom and promote His greater glory by word and example. With a view to perpetuating this work, he organized his companions into a "company," and called it "the Company or Society of Jesus." That this new religious order should, meet with opposition and persecution was inevitable. It introduced many innovations in re-ligious discipline that were demanded by the spiritual labors it planned to carry on. In a period when drastic reforms were urgently called for amoog both clergy and laity in the Church and when heretics were preacl~ing their false proj6~ts of reform in almost every part of Europe, St. Ignatius and his companions set about effecting a true reform. By means of the Spiritual Exercises many prelates and priests were induced to seek not their own advantages in life but the advancement of the Kingdom of Christ. The preaching and teach-ing of Peter Faber, Peter Canisius, Claude LeJay, Alphonse Salmeron, and other Jesuits in countries infested with the new doctrine of the heretical reformers saved many districts for the Catholic faith and converted countless souls from heresy, Yet this activity caused them to be calumniated, persecuted, and drixien from place to place. Along with their Founder, they bore such ill treatment #ith admirable fortitude and patience. Once when St. Ignatius was asked what was the most certain road to perfection, he answered, "To endure many and grievous afflictions for the love of Christ." Once the Society was founded and bechosen to direct the same, Ignatius lived in Rome for the rest of his life. He took the deepest interest in all the labors carried on by his companions and invariably showed the affection of a devoted father to every member whom he admitted into his Society. He ardently longed to share their labors: and, even when broken with age and infirmity, he said that should the Holy Father order it, he would immediately set out for any part of the world to spread God’s kingdom. He was asked one day which 175 HENRY WILMERING he would prefer: to die immediately with a guarantee of his salvation ’ or to continue for some years more, with opportunities of helping souls but with no guarantee at the end. Knowing his burning zeal for God’s gIory and his all-consuming zeal for souls, we are pre-pared to hear that he. declared for the second alternative. Now four hundred years have passed since his death. Ever since and in every land the sons of St. Ignatius in his spirit and according to his principles have labored for God’s greater glory. He is ranked by the Church among the great founders of religious orders, Sts. Benedict, Francis of Assisi and Dominic
and rightly so. As a prac-tical organizer and great lover of Christ, he served his Leader and King with an un’divided heart and induced numberless souls to live, labor, suffer, and die for the greater glory of God. ST. IGNATIUS AND THE EUCHARIST Few people realize the tremendous efforts of St. Ignatius Loyola and his early followers in behalf of frequent Communion. A thorough study of their Eucharistic apostolate was published in 1944 by Father ,Justo Beguiriztain, 8.2., on the oc-casion of the Fourth National Eucharistic Congress of Buenos Aires. The Spanish original has recently been translated by 3bhn H. Collins, S.,I., and published in a very attractive form under the title The Eucharistic Apostolate of St. Igr~atius Loyola. It is an excellent souvenir of this Ignatian centenary. Price:’ $I.00. Order from: Loyola House, 297 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston 15, Mass. PICTURF.’ MEDITATIONS Father Aloysius ,L Heeg, S,J., has prepared four charming booklets entitled Picture Meditations for the use of all who want to learn and practice a simple form of mental prayer. Each booklet contains seven meditations on the life of Christ, and each meditation is illustrated by a picture in full color. Not only are the booklets ideal for teaching youth the practike of mental prayer and, for helping the sick to pray~ but they should also be very useful for religious who find it hard to concentrate during the period of mental prayer. There are also two picture rolls. each containing 14 full-color enlargements (21x33 inches) o’f the pictures in the booklets. The price of the booklets is 10 cents each, 35 cents per set
special quan-tity prices. The price of each picture roll is $2.15 net. Order from: The Queen’s Work, 3115 South Grand Boulevard, St. Louis 18, Missouri. 176 Sist:ers’ Retreats--IV Thomas Dubay, S.M. WrE leave now in this series of articles problems dealing with retreat approaches, techniques, and mechanics and enter the less tangible realm of understanding and aims. While less palpable, these latter are at least equally crucial if not more so. UNDERSTANDING OF RETREATANTS’ NEEDS Judging from their conferences and meditations, do you think that retreat masters understand your rea! spiritual needs? __yes, very well __sometimes yes, sometimes no __no, not too well Further comment (space provided) With this question the sisters were invited on to thin ice, for it can be at times genuinely difficult to know if one is understood or not. However, even though certain knowledge may often be impos-sible on this point, opinion is not: and it is the latter that was sought. Of those answering the question 192 (27.8 %) thought that re-treat masters understand their needs very well
466 (67.7%) be-lieved that some priests are successful on this score and some are not
and 31 (4.5 %) thought that retreat masters usually do not under-stand them. The overall picture is a trifle disconcerting, not chiefly because of those in the third category, but because of the high percentage of sisters in the second. Any physician likes to think that he under-stands the patient, and any retreat master hopes that he possesses at least a good general understanding of a majority of the sisters’ needs. However, it seems questionable their a large number of retreat masters hold.the sisters’ confidence on this point. That a considerable num-ber of priests do hold that confidence cannot be doubted, but none-theless we would like to think that all enjoyed it. But most clouds have a silver lining, and we need not look in vain for a cheering side to this problem. The sisters’ readiness to understand the difficulties the retreat master faces and charitably to explain any lack of understanding on his part is encouraging. We think that this spirit of kindliness is evident in their further corn-ments: It is difficult for a priest not living your rule to understand your spiritual needs. He tries his best, but he sometimes draws on his knowledge of other communities. A friendly chat on various subjects with the superior before retreat might help. .17,7 THOMAS DUBAY Review [or Religious This is only natural. Religious life among women differs from that among men just ~as] the dispositions of men "and women differ. How can the retreat master understand unless the Holy Spirit enlightens? A sister can usually tell the first day whether such is the case. Some priests seem afraid to get down to particulars--everything is so general that it i~ va.gue. Those who are teachers themselves seem to understand our spir.itual needs as teach-ing religious better than those whose main work is giving retreats. Sometimes I’d like to interrupt and say something like, "Yes, I know, but I can’t .do that: this is my problem, see?" But on the whole they are understanding. Very few retreat masters understand the life of a hospital sister. It is very hard to be united to our dear Lord, because everything is rush, rush in hospital work today. We are sometimes too tired to pray. A really good retreat master is rare! Most do not understand the psychology of women. They miss real evils in religious life and fail to get at real problems. They judge what needs to be talked about by confessional difficulties which their own talks have often inspired. Many times they hit the nail on the head. Too frequently a retreat master judges by his own life and community. The activ-ities of nuns and their life is very different. Amazingly well. Too much attention, I think, is given to the needs of the purgative way and too little of a challenge to advancing sanctity. Because they are busy we get their courses which aren’t what we need when our physical and mental state is mighty weary. The master would needs be pretty good to know all the spiritual needs of nuns. mean real feminine needs for a virile spirituality. Most priests do a pretty good job. Sometimes I feel they’re not too patient with our problems. Sometimes I don’t think they understand all the interior struggles of women. Wo-men are not, unfortunately, as "’manly" as men are. They can be very petty. Depends on the individual. Then, too, it is hard to reach everyone from age 20-80, engaged in all kinds of work. If the retreat master wants to know, he might pass out questionnaires after the retreat. Most of the time. It would seem that the more fully they live their own religious life the better their grasp of the problems of others. They try to, I believe, so why not give them credit? If one comes along who’s dull, I make my own retreat find a good spiritual book for in between and get my spiritual needs supplied there. God’s grace helps. Essentially our needs are the same and it is up to the individual and grace poured in to put his words to work (application). I love retreats for that reason--the exercise of that part of soul and brain! 178 July, 1956 SISTERS".RETREATS--IV Too often they seem to"forget we have voluntarily chosen a life of striving for per-fection and are therefore not, interested in minimum standards.. It might be well "for us to single out for explicit mention the precise problems that the sisters think cause or occasion a lack of understanding in the retreat master: 1. The psychological differences between men and women. 2. Differences in the religious life as lived by men and as lived by~ women with the consequent failure to see the real problems in the latter. 3. Differences in the religious life as lived by different communi-ties of women. 4. Problems connected with particular kinds of work in which the sisters engage, e.g., teaching and nursing. 5. Tendency to be vague due probably to a lack of application of principles to concrete cases. 6. The assumption that sisters are interested only in mediocre goodness. The last two observations lead us naturally to the next sections of this article. HEIGHTS OF HOLINESS Thus far in our study the reader may have noticed that one of the deepest and most frequently reoccurring undercurrents causing muddy retreat waters is the wide variety in personality, background, and gifts of grace found in the sisters making any retreat. Perhaps nowhere in our study is this undercurrent more in evidence than in the present question, dealing as it does with the heights of sanctity. What one religious considers the "heights" another may regard as a mere stepping stone. A goal that discourages one religious may serve merely to whet the spiritual appetite of another. And, to make the truth all the more difficult to discover, most of the sisters in registering their affirmative or negative views are talking about entirely different retreats and retreat masters. We might reasonably hope for more agreement if all had made the same retreats. At most, therefore, we can seek to bring common ideas into relief and through them work out retreat approaches that will serve to meet the spiritual aspirations of even greater numbers of religious. The question put to the sisters was worded as follows: Do you think that retreat masters ordinarily urge you sufficiently to the very heights of holiness? ~yes __no Further comment" 179 THOMAS DUBAY Reoieto [or Religious A majority of the respondents, 410 (63.1%), felt that their retreat masters usually did urge them sufficiently to the heights of sanctity. Many of these sisters pointed out the fact that some of their retreat masters did not so urge them to sanctity but that most of them did. A minority of 240 (36.9%) were of the opinion that ordinarily their retreat masters did not do enough urging to the heights of holiness. Again the importance of the word "ordinarily" in the question was brought out in that here also some sisters in-dicated that an occasional priest was an exception to their statement. The sisters’ further comments cgnnot fail to throw light on the problem. Respondents voting "yes": The greater number of retreat masters were splendid spiritual men with a fund of understanding human nature. Much or almost all depends on the retreatant herself. I believe in climbing the heights of holiness: however, most of us keep firmly on "’terra /irma" and practice observance of the rule which eventually will help us to attain sanctity. In a general way they do. I think they ought to do more of it in the confessional. Ordinarily retreat masters have that ability. Sometimes it is the sister’s fault. Either she gets a poor start because she is so tired or she is not well physically. And some-times she does not work hard enough. Retreat masters cannot do it all. What is sufficient for a group, many members of which need’practical advice, is not necessarily sufficient for every individual. This answer is relative. I think this is my own fault because I am not fully relaxed or able to concentrate. Our life is so full of activity. We go from one thing to another all in working to save souls, but I think we need to take more time out to consider our own heights of holiness. Yes, and it helps very much if they use the sm
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Issue 39.6 of the Review for Religious, November 1980.
The Fot~rth Level of Prayer Developmental Stages and the Novice Limits of Adaptability of the Exercises Volume :~9 Number 6 November 1980 REVIEW ~:OR Rrl.J~aOt~S (ISSN 0034-639X). published hi-monthly (every two months), is edited in collaboration with faculty members of the Departmenl of Theology of St. Louis University. The editorial offices are located at Room a,28:3601 Lindell Blvd.: St. Louis, MO 63108. It is owned by the Missouri Province Educational Institute
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Ann Arbor, Michigan 48106. The Benedictine Call to Judgment James M. Desche~e, O.S.B.. Brother James has written this article especially to celebrate the 1500 anniversary of the Benedic-tines. His last article, "Journey into Christ," appeared in the issue of July, 1980. He resides at Christ-of-the-Hills Monastery
P.O. Box 32849
San Antonio, Texas 78216. Make no mistake about the age we live in
already it !s high time for us to awake out of our sleep.., the night is far on its course.., day draws near... (Rm 13:11,12). Despite the Lord’s command to comfort the afflicted, one cannot help but be struck by the frequency with which the Lordhimself afflicts the comfort-able. Despite our very human tendency to seek peace and security, one cannot easily forget (for the Lord will not permit it) that Christ came "not to send peace, but a sword" (Mt 10:34). When, like ancient Israel, we have come to prefer the security of enslaved lives, the Lord, ever perverse in his grace, calls us out of our comfortable slavery to wander in a desert of freedom, exiled from security and peace. ¯ Wandering.in that terrible place, we long with all our hearts to be back in the dreary mud pits of Egypt, preferring the dry but dependable crusts of slavery to those fierce, unsatisfied hungers we discover within us as we sojourn in the desert of fre~edom.and ~of judgment. Whatever the pain of crises in our lives, we must never forget that the crises themselves are divine gifts. The Greeks, who had a word for everything, gave us the word crisis. But they wisely knew (as we often do not) that the word, while it involved pain, really meant a time of challenge and judgment, an opportunity to-measure and evaluate and change. For the Christian, crises are moments in which God confronts us with truths we had preferred not to see, with realities we have chosen to ignore, with decisions we have refused to make. For the Christian, a crisis is a 801 802 / Review for Religious, Volume 39, 1980/6 moment--albeit painful--of deepest grace. For a Christian who has become settled in a life of slavery to routine and superficial existence, a moment of crisis is a moment of salvation and an opportunity to regain touch with th~ deep roots of being, to be enlivened and energized by a return to life and grace. Just as there are moments of crisis ! of j udgment-- in each human life, so are there moments of crisis in each human generation and in each human society. This is the human condition: to stand--as an individual and as a race--at eve.ry moment in need of judgment and of conversion, in need of redemption and of new life. It is his recognition of this condition--and of Christ’s lordship over all our crises--that prompts Saint Paul to call us to judgment: "Make no mistake about the age we live in
already it is high time for us to awake out of sleep." Paul’s word, translated here by "high time," is the Greek kairos, with its sense of urgency, of.opportunity, of occasion. The word for Paul usually suggests a critical time (a time of judgment), a God-filled moment of salvation, an end and a beginning. Fifteen hundred years ago was born a man whose wisdom in crisis was to have an incalculable influence on the history and life of our. western world. Benedict, born around the year 480 in the small Umbrian town of Nursia in the Apennines, found himself thrust into a world in crisis. The old Roman Empire and its social fabric were f~lling into ruin around this young man. Rome itself narrowly escaped attack by Attila the Hun in~452 only to be sacked a few years later by the Vandals. Nor was the Church im-mune from crisis. In 451, churchmen struggling over the doctrinal issue of the two natures in Christ met in council at Chalcedon. The results were a victory for dogma but a defeat for Christian unity, giving rise to the two schisms of the NestOrians and the Monophysites, and planting the seeds of the great disunity between east and west that were to bloom prodigiously in the later Middle Ages. In brief, it was an age not unlike our own. Into the crisis of his age entered this man Benedict who wisely allowed the larger crises of his time to become one with his own personal moment of crisis, of judgment and of salvation. In the person of Benedict, in fact, a judgment is passed upon the age itself: "Even while still living in the world, free to enjoy all it had to offer, he saw how empty it was and turned from it without regret" (St. Gregory the Great: Dialogues, H, Preface). It is the genius of Saint Benedict, and the special mark of his,holiness, that this judgment, while never compromising itself, always avoids the taint of the puritan harshness we of later generations have come to expect in those who renounce the world. Instead, as we discover in the Prologue to his Rule, Benedict’s judgment is filled with goodness and grace, with charis as the ancients knew it, sounding clear notes of kindliness
graciousness and mercy. Benedict calls his advice that of a "loving father" and finds only joy in the~call to judgment: "What can be sweeter to us, dear brothers, than this voice of the Lord inviting us? Behold, in his loving kindness the Lord shows us the way of The Benedictine Call to Judgment / 803 life" (Rule, Prologue). As the monk confronts the crisis of his own life, any hardness results from the very hardness and smallness of his own heart. But in crisis, the Lord stands ready to give the monk a neff heart and with this growth comes an ineffable joy: "For as we advance in the religious life and in faith, our hearts expand, and we run the way of God’s commandments with unspeakable sweetness of love" (Rule, Prologue). In its essence, the monastic or religious life as Benedict understands it is a call to judgment, a call to be ever open to the voice of the Lord, a vocation to enter into each and every moment of crisis with the faith tha, t God is present in that moment to recreate and renew our hearts and our lives. The great enemy to this vocation is hardening the heart: "Today if you hear his voice, harden not your hearts." And Benedict’s remedy for this is sounded in the opening of his Rule: "Listen, my son, to your master’s precepts, and incline the ear of’your heart." For Benedict this is no poetic fancy. To listen, to incline the ear of the heart, is exactly what is meant by obedience. "By the labor of obedience you may return to him from whom you had departed by the sloth of disobedience" (Rule, Prologue). Obedience, to the Latin ear ofSaint Benedict, always carried a message we easily miss in the English word. Obedience (from ob +audire) has to do with listening, with hearing, with attending to. It involves an openness and a sensitivity to the voice and,the, will of the Lord speaking to each person in each situation. To obey is tobe wholly open and submissive to the Lord in crisis
it is to be ever willing to enter into crisis because that is .where the Lord will be found at that moment. It is a willingness to allow the Lord tobe our judge, to have his way with us. It isa willingness to let one’s,heart be broken, if that is the Lord’s will. It is to. hold back no part of one’s life,ands’being from the Lord of all life and being. To obey is to be wholly the Lord’s creature, Benedict clearly indicates that it is in obedience that the monk finds a deep stability when he quotes from the Gospel the words: "Whoever listens to these w~ords of mine and acts upon them, I will liken him to a wise man who has built his house on rock. The floods came, the winds blew and beat against that house, and it did not fall, because it was founded on rock" (Rule, Prologue). When we are in crisis, security and stability appear to lie in avoiding the critical issue. When .the Lord calls.us out of slavery into the desert, slavery doesn’t look so bad. Only the0deepest faith and the deepest trust in the Father’s love can teach us to face the crisis, to enter into judgment, to listen to and obey the voice that calls us into seeming desert and chaos and.ruin. For Benedict this faith and trust are reflected in the words: "In his loving kindness the Lord shows us the way of life." What appears to be a way of death is really the way of life. One of the.practical ways Benedict provides to his monks for learning this deep trust in the Father’s unfailing love is the office of the abbot
the abba who incarnates among the monks the Father himself. It is by his obedience to the abbot that the monk learns obedience to the Father. Indeed, it isin his obe- 804 / Review for Religious, Volume 39, 1980/6 dience to the abbot that the monk is obedient to the Father. Yet Benedict is careful to remind the monk that obedience-- in its radical sense of openness to crisis and the will of God expressed in concrete situations--is not limited to the relationship between a monk and his abbot. The monk is to recall that he must be obedient to all his brothers. "Not only is the boon of obedience to be shown by all to the Abbot, but the brothers are also to obey one another, knowing that by the road of obedience they are going to God" (Rule, Chapter 71). The call to crisis involves every member of the community. No one is to be denied our obedience--our listening, our sensitivity, our responsiveness. Every crisis between Christians, whether they be monks or not, is a God-filled kairos, a time of salvation. In light of the foregoing, it may be objected by some that this appears to be a diminution of the force of the vow of obedience. I have avoided all the juridical and legal aspects of the vow. Yet I have done this purposely, and for two reasons. First, the vision I find in Benedict of obedience is deeper, stronger and more demanding than. any purely juridical concept. Indeed, it is possible (perhaps even common) to find juridically conceived obedience an effective means of escaping real crisis, real judgment and encounter between the monk and the Lord. Secondly, a purely juridical view limits our considera-tion to those who are juridically bound by a vow. Yet Benedict’s view of obe-dience is no less applicable to every Christian man and woman than to monks. All are called to crisis, to judgment. No Christian is exempt from this demand nor from the demand of obedience to each of his fellow Christians. Nor is any Christian exempt from the demand Benedict makes by the vow of conversatio morum, usually translated as "conversion of manners" or "reformation of life." For in its most profound sense, this vow is essentially a radical call to crisis, to judgment. It requires that at every moment we respond to the voice of the Lord calling us to newness of life. Today’s response may have to be relinquished to tomorrow’s response. Our hearts must be continu-ally open to each new judgme.nt and call from the Lord. We are not to settle down, not to set camp in the desert, but to be continually on the move. There is no standing still in the service of the Lord. Endless conversion, perpetual metanoia, are the marks of a truly living Christian. To guarantee that the monk will not be tempted to escape this demand of endless reformation and endless conforming to the living will of God as revealed in crisis and discovered by obedience, Benedict adds the third vow of stability. By this the monk renounces his right to escape God’s demands in the present moment and circumstances by moving into other circumstances. Run-ning away is not permitted the monk and so there is nothing for him to do but to submit to the divine crisis and know it is God’s will that he submit. From the day of his profession, the monk is assured by God’s promise that it is here, among these particular persons,, that God will confront him in crisis. To flee from these brothers, then, is to flee from God and his call. (I do not wish here to enter into the problematical issues of canonical transfer of stability or of The Benedictine Call to Judgment / 805 departure from the monastic life, though these deserve fuller treatment in light of what has been said here.) One of the last points to consider in Benedict’s vision of the Christian life authentically lived is the place of humility. A close examination of his chapters on hi~mility reveals that humility has a great deal to do with truthfulness. It has to do with facing the truth about ones.elf. It has to do with seeing oneself for what one is. It is a virtue of utter and radical realism. Above all, its end is tosee oneself as God sees one. It involves looking at fearful truths intently and steadily, refusing to turn away from them, until by grace and work, all fear is transformed into love and "the monk will presently come to that perfect love of God which casts out fear" (Rule, Chapter 7). Humility is thus related to crisis
it helps us to face crisis, to endure judg-ment, to bear the truth. It also enables the monk to be of assistance to his brothers in their need to face crisis. The monk serves his brother by being perfectly truthful, by obscuring nothing of his own weakness or sin and nothing of his brother’s weakness and sin. Humble monks do not support one another in self-deception. Equally importantly, the monk is alway.s ready, in humility, to take from the moment of crisis the truth of his own goodness and to affirm the same in his brothers:.Humility is the readiness to admit the truth as it is revealed at every moment. This is particularly seen in the requirement that the monk hold back nothing about himself from his spiritual father. Every selfish thought, every petty jealousy, every twinge of hatred--all must be laid without hesitation before the spiritual father. In this way, spiritual direction for the monk becomes in the truest sense a crisis and a moment of salvation. Nothing of Benedict’s vision is without relevance to the life and growth of every Christian. In this fifteen-hundredth year of Saint Benedict’s gift to Christianity, it must be seen that his gift is a gift to all men and women who seek the Lord. The gift of his monks is to be bearers of crisis. The monk must live in such a way that the world may never forget that Christ is Lord. The monk must live in such a way that the values of the world, insofar as they are opposed to the values of Christ, are absurd and empty. Benedict’s sons and daughters must see that their lives bring a continual judgment on the lives of all men and women
that their lives are lived in a way that proclaims the power of truthfulness, of humility, of obedience. The monk must live his life in such a way that it would make no sense if there" were not a loving Father guiding and ruling all things. It is this "senselessness" that can bring the world into crisis, into facing the truth of its own empty values, its own abandonment of God, This is the Benedictine crisis, this call to judge the world not by condemn-ing or rejecting it, and certainly not by fleeing it
but by living every moment in such a way that the world must face the question of God’s rule and the reality of his kingdom. Our criticism must lie, like Benedict’s, not in speaking against the world (though this too has its place), but by the positive and grace-filled 806 / Review for Religious~ Volume 39, 1980/6 living of our lives in truth, in love, in brotherhood, in simplicity, in peace: In our time, perhaps more than ever, this is the task to which Benedict’s monks and nuns are called, For all of us it is a time of crisis, of asking whether weare really doing what Saint Benedict interided. To answer this question, we do not ’need to examine our effectiveness. For our effectiveness lies entirely in our observance of the Rule and spirit of Saint Benedict. It is by being witnesses to God’s kingdom that we shall have our effect, and this witness lies in our fidelity to the principles we have briefly looked at~here: obedience, continual reformation, stability, humility. For fifteen hundred years the presence in the world of Benedictine monks has been a sign and a challenge, a judgment and a question .--a crisis. So long as~we do not ourselves abandon the elements of our life which keep us ever open and sensitive to the workings of the Spirit, so long as we have the faith and the courage to examine ourselves for fidelity to the authentic Benedictine tradition and to step into the future with faith and trust and submissive-ness- so long as these things are present,,the Benedictine family and mission will be .needed, will be in crisis, will be genuinely alive, ~ We attest to a frightened world that the’sword of Christ.is but a prelude to the peace of Christ, that death through olSedience leads to the fullest life, and that the ruins of our lives in the crises we meet are the foundations of Resur-rection. The world’s fear must be cast out by the perfection of our love..For it is love that is the greatest judgment and crisis in all of human history. Benedict, in his school of the Lord’s service, shows us the way to the crisis of love. The Fourth Level of Prayer: Mystery David J. Hassel, .S.J. Father:Hassel is Associate Professor of Philosophy at Loyol~i University in Chicago. His last arti-cle, "’Prayer of Personal Reminiscence: Sharing Oners Memories with Christ," was printed in the issue of March, 1977 and is still available in reprint form. He currently resides at 6525 North Sheridan Road
Chicago, IL 60626. Ironically, the terms most frequently used to describe our present-day spirituality can cause us the most c6nfusion: peace, consolation and desola-tion, dryness in prayer, contemplation in action, discernment. Since these terms.point to.mySterious processes within our experience, even a book-length analysis of them would be hardly adequate. But perhaps an article can achieve some clarity if it attempts simply to locate the happenings described by these terms~ In other words, if we were to ~st~rvey the various level~ of human awareness--e~en with some crudity--we might better understand the events occurring at these levels.’ But before doing tlais survey, could we first describe the problems to be touched hire? For ~xample, people can feel disturbed about the peace they experience in their decisions and their prayer. Is this peace simply the euphoria of having finally made a decision after hours or days of sweaty deliberations? Is peace in prayer mainly exuberant physical ~nd mental health? The f6~ty’- year old priest has decided that God no longer wants him to practice° his priesthood but now wishes him to marry the woman who has helped him so ’ I am deeply indebted to the retreatants whose honesty and trust have furr~ished me with the data out of which this article rises, i am particularly indebted to the following persons who have attempted to save me the usual number of unhealthy exaggerations inevitable in such an article as this: Mary Ann Hoope, B.V.M., Robert Harvanek, S.J., Paul Clifford, S.J., John Schuett, S.J., Richard Smith, S.J., Robert Murphy, S.J, :Mary Jane Linn, C.S.J., Frank Houdek, S.J., Jules Toner, S.J., Mrs. Mary Ellen Hayes. 807 808 / Review for Religious, Volume 39, 1980/6 much in his ministry and in his discovery of manhood. He feels peace in this decision
but is this "peade" simply the relief from heavy parish obligations and the glad anticipation of married life? Will "peace" remain when his new life begins to place renewed obligations on his shoulders? Again, a person can experience what seems to be a split in his personality. He finds himself half-miserable, half-happy. He asks himself: "How can I, at one and the same time, experience the depressing defeat of losing my job and yet, in my depths, feel confident? Are there two of me? Is this the play of con-solation and desolation within my life? Or are the pressures of life splitting my consciousness into two?" A third problem is Christ’s command: "Pray always." Such a request seems psychologically impossible when a mother is raising four children between the ages of two years and twelves years or when an engineer is testing a heavily traveled city bridge for stress-breaks and wondering what will hap-pen in the business community and-at city hall if he condemns the bridge, or when the advertising executive is sizing up a prospective customer, estimating the product to be advertised, and puzzling over the morality of a slick sales-pitch which has just come to mind. But if Christ is asking the psychologically impossible, is he not providing the conditions for skepticism about his whole message? A fourth problem arises when we focus upon discernment process the three puzzling cases just mentioned. What does it mean to discern God’s will in a decision, if I am unsure about peac~, consolation-desolati0n, and ongoing prayer in my life? Such discernment is often termed the concrete call of Christ to the individual Christian or to his community. But does God call only through external circumstances and other people, or does he not also" make his desires known within the experience of the individual Christian? Does such an interior experience occur in the imagination or in the mind or in the heart of the person? Or in all three at the same time? Or somewhere else? Some clarity, it is contended here, can be attained in these problems if one distinguishes four levels of awareness in the praying Christian: the superficial, physical, psychic, and mysterious. Could we, therefore, describe these levels then indicate a way of uncovering the fourth level, next show the type of partial solution which the appreciation of this fourth level offers to our prob-lems, subsequently explain how the fourth level would seem to affect the upper thre~ levels of awareness, and finally offer some cautions about the use of this fourth-level explanation? These five steps would be the strategy of this presentation. Four Levels of Awareness2 First Level: the Sensuous-Superficial. This first level is the skin-surface of experience: sensuous awareness. It is a tissue of minor irritations and pleasures. For example, I am displeased by the cold draft playing on my neck during the auditorium talk, or by the raspy.voice of the woman describing her The Fourth Level of Prayer: Mystery / 809 Florida vacation or by the first gnawings of hunger at 4:30 p.m., or by the slight rash on the back of my hand. At this same level, I experience satisfac-tion at a favorite meal of ham and sweet potatoes, at the sweet smell of spring grass just cut, at the relaxation of a hardy laugh, at the caressing of the family cat. Such minor irritations and pleasures ordinarily do not demand much at-tention and are taken for granted as the normal flow of life. Though I am often barely conscious of them, they do give life its continuous texture. Second Level: the Physical-Vital. Underneath the first level of awareness, there are other happenings which demand attention because they last longer and are more intense tfian events of the first level. Here are the pains and joys which go deeper than minor ir.ritations and pleasantries~ Anyone who has experienced the steady throb of neuralgia or the constant harassment of ulcer pains or the brain-deadening effect of insomnia will vouch for the e~xistence of this second level of awareness. Here are also pleasurable joys which exceed the simple pleasures described in the first level. There is, for example, the exuber-ance of glowing health, the feeling that "all the world is beautiful and owned by me’~-experiences which the carbonated-drink advertisements exploit. At this level the fifth symphony of Beethoven can stir a person to his depths with its elegant majesty, can make him feel noble beyond his dreams. Or this level contains the sustained sat!sfaction of slowly mastering one’s tennis or golf. Here, too, the ecstasy of sexual pleasure .occurs with its deep drum-beat of powerful delight. The very power of the pains and pleasures of this second level demand our attention and make us aware of how superficial the first- . level irritations and pleasures are. Yet these second-level happenings do com-penetrate and influence the first-level, sensuous awareness. One’s enjoyment of a favorite dinner is enhanced by the feel of good health or diminished by in-somnia. Third Level: the Psychological-Psychic. Although the second level of awareness contains happenings of insistent strength, still the third level of awareness is capable of riveting a person~.s attention and so possessing him or her that, for a time, he or she is seemingly unaware of second- or first-level happenings. The deep sorrows and the pure joys of this level totally permeate a person’s being and consciousness. For example, the young woman, working at her first secretarial job, may be hypnotized by fear of failure so that her voice creaks, her fingers clog the typewriter keyboard, her memory fails and she feels no hunger throughout the first day of work. The paranoid person 2 In their article "Phenomenology, Psychiatry, and Ignatian Discernment," (The Way, Supple-ment #6, May, 1968, 27-34) Felix Letemendia and George Crofts’peak of four levels of experience: the sensorial, the vital, the psychic and the spiritual, which somewhat resemble the levels described here. They have borrowed their descriptions from Max Scheler, the philosopher, and from Kurt Schneider, the psychiatrist. Of course, there are many levels of experience, if one wishes to be very specific. But perhaps this more simplifiedlsketch of four levels better serves our present purpose. 810 / Review for Religious, Volume 39, 1980/6 may be so concentrating on the "derogatory actions" of others that he walks through a glass door without knowing that he is bleeding from cuts. At this third level a woman may experience haunting doubts about her ability to love another adeq~uately and thus may begin to feel like a dull, unattractive child u~na.ble to evoke love from another. A father’s mental pain at watching his daughter waste away in unrelievable cancer is matched on this level only by the suffering of a wife undergoing systematic and.continuous belittlement from her husband while the children look on bewildered. But at this third level, the depth of the pure joys~equal such sorrows. Here an6ther mother experiences the warm security of being loved by an admired husband and of being respected by admiring children: Here, too, is where the older brother ~njoys the four-touchdown afterri0on of his younger brother whom h~had 6oached on all the moves of a tigl~t end during four years. It is at this third lev61 that the novelist reads over the’laudatory reviews of his book and experiences lasting gratitude to the elderly journalism teacher who had taught him his craft. Here, too, the woman social worker sits late at her desk, savoring the bone-tiredness but deep satisfaction of a day well spent in patiently binding together fragmenting families, persons, and situations. This third level, then
encompasses the top two levels’and, in so doing, can render them almost routine. For the top two-levels, distracting as they may be to this thir~l level of awareness, are integrated into a fuller meaning at the°third level. The tired social worker does feel the pangs of hunger at the ~irs~t level, and at the second level does anticipate the pleasure of relaxing at home with her husband over a leisurely dinner, but all this is occurring in the wider and deeper context ’of fulfillment in her work at the third level of awareness. Fourth Level: the Underground River of God. ~ The fourth level is like a great underground river which, underlying the upper three levels, quietly nourishes them, sustains them in their storms and blisses, acts as the continuity (the stay-in~ power) underneath~their sometimes rapid fluctuations of irritation-pleasantry, pain-pleasure, sorrow-joy. Compared to theupper three levels, this fourth level is a quiet beneath turbulance, a constancy amid flux, a seem-in~ Passivity under great activity. Consequently, the fourth level is never explicitly conscious in itself (as are the top three levels) but only by way of cont~ast with the top levels. It is not simply experiential, but implicitly experiential,’ as we note in the following two cases. Discovery of the Fourth LevEl A remarkable case-history, whose details rife changed to disguise the ~ Being ignorant of C. G. Jung, the author would not wish the combined images of underground river and of ever deeper experiential levels to be interpreted as intentionally Jungian. ’ John F.~ Dedek in his Experimental Knowledge of the Indwelling Trinity: an Historica/Study of the Doctrine of St. Thomas (St. Mary of the Lake Seminary Mundelein, Illinois, 1958, pp. 125r142) calls attention to Aquinas’ doctrine that.the Christian’s knowledge of the Trintiy is quasi The Fourth Level of Prayer: Mystery / 811 person, illustrates how this fourth level can be discovered. A woman novice in a religious order located onthe west coast came to a midwest Jesuit University to begin her collegiate studies. Her novice mistress had taken a dislil(e to her, told her that her lack of intelligence would keep her from ever being a useful member of the congregation, succeeded in turning the other novices against her and yet had capriciously admitted her into vows. When ! met this woman, her skin was blotched with anxiety, the doctor had diagnosed stomach ulcers, she herself felt isolated and :depressed~ But she also was convinced that, despite all the sufferings, God wanted her to be a nun. As three years went by, she discovered that she was a straight "A" student, that she had special talents for political science, that she was being accepted by her fellow students and by the nuns with whom she lived, that she could pray. In other words, she found that she had a future, that deep happiness could occur in religious life.. As these discoveries slowly permeated her life, the skin-blotches .disap-peared, the ulcers became healed, the sense of alienation was replaced with the warm feeling of being accepted by her religious community. The steady accomplishment felt at the top three levels of her experience now allowed her to experience by contrast a constant uneasiness or lack of peace at her deepest level, the fourth level. During the period of her novitiate experience, she could not be clearly aware of the uneasiness at the fourth level, because it was clouded by all the disturbances at the upper three levels. Only the growing brightness at the top three levels of-her experience during her collegiate days enabled her to appreciate the bl~i9k uneasiness at the deepest level of her being. After a year or so of disc_e~
nment at-this fourth level, she gradually came to acknowledge that the Lord was asking her to leave the religious community and was calling her to another way .of life. She resisted this leave-taking because she had found so much pleasure, joy, fulfillment in her religious com-munity and in her study-work. Finally she accepted God’s will and, leaving the congregation, secured a job in Washington as research assistant to a member of Congress who bullied every member of his staff consistently and impartial-ly. The former novice’s skin again
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Issue 2.5 of the Review for Religious, 1943.
A. M. D. G. Review for Religious SEPTE/xlBER 15, 1943 Prayer to Christ the King ....... Thomas A. O’Conno’r" Progress in Prayer. ............. Robert B. Eiten ,Sacred Vessels and Linens .... ~ .... James E. Risk Leadership in Catholic At÷ion ¯ ¯ ¯ .. , ¯ Vouree Watson Devotlonto the Holy Name Gerald Ellard Sfimmer School in the Spiritual Life .... Patrick M. ,Regan ’~ Book Reviews Communica÷ions Questions Answered Decisions of the Holy See VOLUME II NUMBER 5 RF.VII::W FOR. RELIGIOUS VOLUME 11 SEPTEMBER 15. 1943 . NUMBER CONTENTS THE PRAYER TO CHRIgT THE KING--Thomas A. O’Connor, S.J2.81 PROGRESS IN PRt~YER--Robert B. Eiten. S.d ......2..9.7 THE STORY OF CARMEL .............. 306 THE HANDLING OF SACRED VESSELS AND LINENS---~ James E. Risk. S.d. .~ ........ 307 PAMPHLET NOTICES ................ 311 THE PRINCIPLE OF LEADERSHIP IN CATHOLIC ACTION-- Youree Watson. S.J ........... 312 D.EVOTION TO THE HOLY NAME OF JESUS--Gerald Ellard, S.J.327 A SUMMER SCHOOL IN THE SPIRITUAL LIFE’--- Patrick M.. Regan. S.J ......... 329 COMMUNICATIONS (On Vocation) ............ 333 BOOK REVI-EWS (Edited by Clement DeMuth. S.J.)m THE MASS PRESENTED TO NON-CATHOLICS-- By the Reverend John P. McGuire ..... 336 . A HANDY GUIDE FOR WRITERS--. By the Reverend Newton B. Thompson, S.T.D. 336 AN OUTLINE HISTORY OF THE CHURCH BY CENTURIES-- ¯ By the Reverend Joseph McSorley ...... 337 THE ONE GOD. By the Reverend Reginald Garrigou-LaGrange, O.P.337 HANDBOOK OF MEDICAL ETHICS. By the Reverend S. A. La Rochelle, O.M.I. and the Reverend C. T. Pink, M.D., C.M. ’ 338 QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS-- 32. Meaning of "Constitutions" . ........... 339 33. Blessing of Subjects by Superigress .......... 339 34. Legislation on Benediction of Blessed Sacrament ...... 339 35. Moment when Dispensation from Vows takes Effect .~ ..... 340 36. Diocese of Origin for a Convert ........... 341 37. Abstinence Imposed by Rule and by Church ....... 341 38. Presence Required for Mass of Obligation ......... 342 39. Intention Required for Gaining Indulgences ....... - 342 DECISIONS OF THE HOLY SEE OF INTEREST TO RELIGIOUS343 REVIEW~ FOR RELIGIOUS, September 1943. Vol. II. No. 5. ’Published bi-monthly : January, March. May, July. September, and November at the College Press. 606 Harrison Street, Topeka, Kansas. by St. Mary’s College. St. Marys, Kansas, with ecclesiastical approbation. Entered as second class matter ,January 15, 1942. at the Post Office, Topek.a, Kansas, under the act of March 3, 1879. Editorial Board: Adam C. Ellis, S.3.. G. Augustine Ellard. S.3.. Gerald Kelly. Copyright, 1943, by Adam C. Ellis. Permission is hereby granted for quotations of reasonable length, provided due credit be given this review and the author., Subscription price: 2 dollars a year. Printed in U. S. A. The Prayer Ch ris : !:h e,King,- Thomas A. O’Connor, S.3. 44 lONG live Christ theKing!" The shout rose to a roar..Up from the streets below, this battle cry of the persecuted Mexican Catholics floated through the open windows of the presi-dential palace. Calles heard it and knew that somehow his triumph .was being turned into defeat. Only a day before he was sure that he had conquered. The scene of his imagined triumph was an enclosed courtyard, with powder-blackened Walls, pockmarked.by bullet holes, before which jutted up a protecting log barri~ cade with flat, human-sized wooden dummies before it. This was where the firing squad did its bloody work. The political prisoner, whose death Calles had unjustly decreed, showed not even, the slightest trace of hatred or surliness in his manner, as he stood there’in his dark suit with a checkered vest sweater showing through his unbuttoned coat. "Have you any last request?" barked the captain of the firing squad. "Permit me to pray," he calmly replied
and he knelt down on the sand and gravel, turning slightly away from the crowd. Reverently he made the sign of’ the cross, prayed devoutly for a few moments with joined hands, then, kissing fervently the little crucifix he held in his hand, he rose and faced his executioners. Crucifix in hand, he made the sign of the cross over the soldiers and officers there. "May God have mercy on you all." 281 THOMAS A. O’~CONNOR Then with his rosary twined about his left hand, he extended his arms in the form of a cross. "I forgive my enemies from the bottom of my heart." Saying this, he lifted his eyes to the clear, blue heavens. A moment’s pause: then slowly, r~verently, firmly came the beautiful words: "Long live Christ the King!" Th~ rifles cracked. The prison~er slumped heavily to the ground. An awful silence. A sergeant stepped up, and fireda bullet through the victim’s head. It was 10:30 a. m. November 23, 1927. Two years before, on December 11, 1925, Pope Plus XI had issued his encyclical on Jesus Christ King. Father Pro arid hisloyal Mexican Catholics had heard this call to a more valiant service of Christ the King. In trying to win their country to the Kingdom of-Christ, the)~ had sealed their lives with their blood. Father Pro’s last words, "Longlive Christ the King," had been the spark which detonated the thunderous roar that Calles heard the next day, as six thousand marchers and five hundred cars escorted the body of Father Pro to Dolores Hill for burial. The Feast or: Christ Our King In his encyclical, Quas Primas, establishing the Feast of Christ the King, Pope Plus XI said: "When we command that Christ Our King be venerated by Catholics throughout the world, We are providing for the special needs of our own day a very effective remedy against the pests which pervade human socie.ty." In other parts, of the same encyclical, the Pope further explained these special needs of our time: "Evil has spread throughout the world because the greater part of mankind has banished Jesus Christ ~nd His holy law from their lives, their families, and from public 282 PRAYER TO CHRIST THE KING affairs .... There will never arise a sure ho]ae of lasting peace between the peoples oi~ the world as long as individ-uals and nations continue to deny or refuse to acknowledge the rule of Christ, Our Savior. It is necessary for all men to seek ’the peace of Christ in the Kingdom of Christ’ .... "Today...we grieve..., over the seeds of discord apparently sown everywhere, the rekindling of hatreds and-rivalries between .pe0ples which prevent the re-establish-ment of peace.... In spite of :this we are sustained by the holy hdpe that the Feast of Christ Our King, wbich will be ’ :celebrated hereafter every year, will at last lead society to our Blessed Savior .... It appears to us that an annual cele-bration of the F~ast of Christ Our King will greatly assist all nations .... In fact, the more the dear name of Our Redeemer is passed over in shameful silence, be it in inter-national meetings, be it in parliaments, so much the more nec?ssary is it to acclaim Him as King ~ind announce every-where the rights of His royal dignity and power. "All indeed can see that since the. end of the last century, the way Was being prepared for the long desired institution of this new feast day .... The supremacy of the Kingdom of Christ w’as also recognized iri thi~ pious practice of all those who dedicated, even co.nsecrated, their families to the Sacred Heart of Jestis." Then he referred to Leo XIII’s cons.ecration of the whole human race to the Sacred Heart.. Announcing his intention to do this, Pope Leo XIII had said: ."I am about to perform the gr~eatest act 6f my pontificate." .In his encyclical on "The ConSecration of all Mankind to the Sacred Heart," given on May 25, 1899, he added: ",lust as, When the newly born Church lay helpless under l~he yoke of the Caesars, there appeared in the’heavens a cross,, at once the sign and the cause of the marvelous vict0~y that was soon to follow, so today before our very eyes there appears 283 THOMAS A. O’CONNOR another most happy and holy sign~ the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus, crowned by a brilliant cross set amid raging flames. In this Sacred Heart we shall place all our hopes
from it, too, we ask and await salvation." "In virtu~ of Our Apostolic authority," said Pope Pius XI, "We institute the Feast of Our Lord Jesus Christ King, and decree that it be celebrated everywhere on the last Sun-day of October .... Likewise We decree that on this very same day, annually, there is to be renewed the consecration of all mankind to the. Sacred Heart of Jesus." Pra~ter t~ ~Christ the King On February 21, 1923, through the Sacred Peniten-tiary, Plus XI approved the Prager to Christ the King, and to its recital he attached a plenary indulgence, once a day, under the usual conditions (Preces et Pia Opera,. 1938, n. 254). Undoubtedly it was the Pontiff’s wish that every loyal follower of Christ would daily recite this act Of per-sonal loyalty to Christ the King. In the remainder of this article we are developing the various phrases of the Prayer to Christ the King, somewhat after the. manner .of the second method of prayer, by quoting generously from Pius XI’s encyclicals on "Christ the King" ~Quas Primas), and "Reparation to the Sacred Heart" fMiserentissimus Redemptor), and from Leo XIII’s "Consecration of all Mankind to the Sacred Heart" (Annum Saqrum). "’0 Christ Jesus" "Whose name is above every name .... who though by nature God .... made (himself) like unto men .... appearingin the form of man" (Philippians 2:6). In the words of the Athanasian Creed, "He is God begotten before all ages from the substance of His Father, 284 PRAYER .TO CHRIST THE KING and He is Man born in time from th~ substance of. His Mother." The Second Person of the Blessed Trinity, assuming human nature, united it to the Divine Nature under His single Personality in a union which is called the Hypostatic Union. Hence "not only is Christ to be adored as God by angels and men, but also angels and men must be subject to His empire as Man." He is perfect Man as He is perfect God. "Thou art beautiful above the sons of men," says the Psalmist, "grace-is poured abroad in thy lips, therefore hath God blessed Thee forever and ever." In Him, flowering forth in all its fullness, is ever~ virtue and perfection: kindness, sympathy, patience, strength, courage, wisdom, loyalty, self-sacrifice, love. He is also God with full power and kingly majesty: all-wise, all-holy, all-powerful, all-merciful. Christ .Jesus, at whose name "every knee should bend of those ifi heaven, on earth and under the.earth, and every tongue should.confess that the Lord Jesus..Christ is in the glor~ of God the Father" (Philippians 2: 10). ’~I Acknowledge Thee King of the Universe" "We assert that it is necessary to vindicate for the Christ-Man both the name and power of a King in the full meaning of that term." (Quas Primas) "Christ reigns as King in the minds of men not only because of the keenness of His mind or the vastness of His knowledge, but also because He is the Truth. It is there-fore necessary that all men seek and receive the truth from Him in full obedience. "Christ reigns as King in the wills of men either because there was in Him a complete submission of the human will to the Divine, or because He influences our free will in such 285 THOMAS A. O’CONNOR an efficacious way by His holy inspiration that we are led to desire only the noblest things. "Finally Christ is recognized as the King of Our. Hearts because of that love of His which surpasses all understand-ing and because of the supreme attraction we have for His divine meekness and kindness. No man, in fact, ever was so much loved as Jesus Christ, or ever will be." (Quas Primas) "The. Empire of Christ extends not only over Catholic peoples, and over those who, reborn in the font of Baptism, belong by right to the Church
it embraces even those who do not enjoy the Christian faith, so that all mankind is un-der the power of Christ." (Annum Sacrum) The doctrine of Christ the King is amply vindicated in the words of the New Testament. The Archangel Gabriel announced to the Virgin Mary that she was to bear a Son. "He shall be great, and shall be called the Son of the Most High
and the Lord God will give Him the throne of David His father, and He shall be king over the house of Jacob forever
and of his kingdom there shall be no end" (Luke 1:32). Christ took every opportunity to call Himself King and publicly affirmed His Kingship in the court of the Roman governor (John 18:37). "Thou art then a King?" asked Pilate. "Thou sayest it," Jesus answered, "I am a King. This is why I was born, and why I have come into the world, to bear witness to the truth." In the Apocalypse (1:5) St. John calls Him "the ruler of the Kings of the earth" and again (19:6) "King of Kings, and Lord of Lords." Of His kingship Christ said: "All power in heavena.nd on earth has been given to me. Behold I am with you all days even to the consummation of the world." 286 PRAYER TO CHRIST THE’KING "Could He possibly have meant anything else by these: words than that His regal power was absolute and that His kingdom extended over all th~ earth?" (Quas Primas) "He announced before .the Roman consul that His kingdom ’was not of this earth’," yet, "since Christ has received from His Father an absolute right over all created things, so that all are subject to His will, they would err grievously, who would take from the Christ-man power over all temporal things .... " (Quas Prirnas) "’All That Has Been Created Has Been Made for Thee" "All things were made through him, and without him was made nothing that was made" (John 1:3). "As God, Christ possessed full and absolute sway over all created things. As Man, it can be said-that He has received ’power, honor, and a. kingdom’ from the Father." In the book of Daniel (7:13) we read: "I beheld a vis-ion of the night, one like the son of man came with the clouds of heaven.., and he gave him power, and glory, and a.kingdom
and all peoples, tribes and tongues shall serve him
his power is an everlasting power that shall not be taken away
and his kingdom that shall not be destroyed." The prophet Isaias tells us of the future coming of the King, who will be no less than God Himself, appearing up-on earth in the lowly and endearing form of a human babe. "Achild is born to us and a son is given to us, and the government is upon his shoulder
and his name shall.be called Wonderfu!, Counsellor, God the Mighty, the Father of the world to come, the Prince of Peace. His empire shall. be multiplied, and there shall be no end of peace: he shall sit upon the throne of David, and upon his kingdom
to es-tablish it and strengthen it with judgment and with justice, from henceforth and for ever" (Isaias 9:6-7). "The Lord hath made all things for Himself," saysPro- 287 THOMAS A. O’CONNOR verbs (16:4). God brought into being from nothingness all things that are. Being Infinite Wisdom He could not act without some definite purpose in mind. Since nothing had existed previously but Himself, and since nothing but Him self could be an end worthy of His action, He created all things for Himself. Not that He needed these. No. For, being Infinite, nothing was wanting to Him. Nor cou!d these add to His perfections since, being All-Perfect, He pos-sessed all things in their fullness. But being Infinite Goodness He longed to communicate His gifts to others
and "from His fullness we have all re-ceived" (John 1:16). By His omnipotent fiat all things were made. Every-thing called into existence is a copy, even though necessarily imperfect and limited, of some aspect of His infinite perfec-tion. Each reflects something of His nature and attributes. "The heavens show forth the glory of God and the firma-ment declareth the work of his hands" (Psalms 18:2). "If any one Shall say that the world was not created for the glory of God, .let him be anathema" (Vatican Council). "’Exercise upon Me All Tby Rights’" "Christ rules over us by right o1: birth." He was born a King. "He has dominion over every one of us by His very essence and nature. "But Christ rules over us not only by right of birth, but also by right of conquest," by His redemption of mankind. "You know that you were redeemed.., not with perishable things, with silver or gold, but with the precious blood of Christ" (2 Peter 1 : 18). "We therefore no longer belong to ourselves alone, for Christ has bought us with a ’great price’." (Quas Primas) "Do you not know . . . that you are not your own? For you have been bought at a great price. Glorify God and 288 PRAYER "~O CHRIST.THE KING bear. Him in your body" (I Corinthians 6:20). "Do you not know that your bodies are members of Christ?" (1 Corinthians 6: 15). "Your members are the temple of the Holy’Ghost" (1 Corinthians 6:.19). Christ rules over men also by His right of law-glver. "For the Holy Gospels not only tell us that Christ promul-gated laws, but they also present Him in the very act of making them." (Quas Primas) Again Christ rules over men b.y His right of judge. "For neither doth the Father judge any man, but hath given, all judgment to the Son" (3ohn 5:22). lzastly, "executive power must equally be attributed to Christ, since it is necessary for all to obey His commands," and no one violates them without meeting the punishments He has established. "I Renew Mg Baptismal Promises Renouncing Satan and All His Works and Pomps" The Kingdom of Satan and the powers of darkness.are opposed to the Kingdom of Christ. In his Epistle to the Ephe~ians (6:11) St. Paul urges us to "Put on the armor of God that you may be able to stand against the. wiles of the devil. For our wrestling i~ not with flesh and blood, bu~ against the Principalities and the Powers, against the world-rulers of this darkness, against the spiritual forces of wickedness on high." We renew the promises we made at Baptism. "Do you renounce Satan and all his work~ and pomps?" the priest asks at Baptism.. And the one being baptized or the sponsor answers: "I do renounce them." "’I Promise to Lead a Good Christian Life’" The Kingdom of Christ "requires from its subjects not only that their souls be deta, ched from riches and worldly things, that they rule their lives, and that .they hunger and 289 THOMAS A. O’CONNOR thirst after justice, but also that they renounce themselves and take up tl~eir cross." (Quas Primas) Before Christ can reign over the whole world, He’must reign over the hearts of individuals. Before world-conquest’for Christi we must think of self-conquest. With a complete surrender of ourselves there will follow quickly an entire dedication of our energies and ability to His Divine service and to doing Our part in conquering the world for Christ. Christ the King must rule over our minds, over our ¯ wil!s, over our hearts, over our bodies. Listen to the~vords df Pope PiusXI: "It is necessa~ythat Our Lord should rule over the mind of man, who by his intellectual submission shall firmly and at all times assent to the revealed truth and doctrines of Christ
that He rule over the will, which shall obey the divine law and com-mands
that He rule .over our hearts, which despising mere natural love shall love God above all things and be united to Him alone
that He rule over our bodies which as instru-ments .... will promote the sanctity of the soul." (Quas Primas) By leading a good Chris
an life we not only horror God, but we bring great peace and happiness to ourselves: For, truly
to serve Him is to reign. He alone is deservng of our whole-hearted attention, and to serve Him devotedly i~ to reign in a peace and happiness which the world cannot give. To serve Him and not the world
to serve Him and not the flesh, to serve Him and not ourselves
is to reign over the deceitful allurements of the world, is to reign over the imperious demands of our traitorous fl~sh, is to reign over the fretful importunings of our self-love with all its yearn-ings for prominence and vain display. To serve Him is to reign over our fickle feelings, our wild, intemperate impulses, and all the chaotic twists of our sin-disrupted 290 PRAYER TO CHRIST THE KING nature: our outbursts of impatience and irritability, our fits of moodiness, our haughty airs and domineering ways, our quick, sarcastic tongues, our instinctive shunnings of little hardships, our selfish seeking of comforts and the good things of life, our petty quarrelings, and our puerile nursing of work-a-day bruises as serious, intentionally- .inflicted wounds. Only by serving Him and forgetting ourselves, do we rise to that greatness of soul whereby we reign over self, over the vicissitudes of life and over the. creatures of time. .~ t//"And to Do Ail in M~! Power to P~ocure the Triumph of the Rights of God and That Church" "The rule of Christ over mankind’has been denied, the Church has been refused the right which comes from th~ very law of Jesus Christ to teach all peoples, to make her own laws for. the sp!ritual government of her subjects in. order to bring them to eternal happiness. Little by little the Christian religion has been made. the equal of other.and false religions .... The Catholic religion was made subject to the civil power and was practically abandoned to the control of rulers... . There were not wanting governments which imagined they could do without God and ~over up their lack of religion by irreligion and disrespect for God Himself." (Quas Primas) How are we to meet this modern apostasy from God and bring back Christ to the modern wbrld? We must do all in our power to bring about the ]:eign of Christ. We must use every legitimate means to restore His. rule over the individual, the family, the nation, and the whole, world. For this "purpose the Feast of Christ the King w.as instituted. It is a clarion call to a "more virile, more militant, more 29i THOMAS A. O’CONNOR aggressive Catholicism." Every Catholic is called upon to serve in this campaign. "To hasten this return to Christ by means of good works and organized social actions is a duty incumbent on every Catholic, of many of whom it can be said truthfully, that neither positions nor authority in civic life have been accorded as would be fitting to those who tarry before them the torch of Truth. "This condition perhaps is due to the a.pathy or timidity of the good who abstain from strife and are apt to resist only too weakly. From our weakness the enemies of the Church are emboldened to greater and more fearless acts of audacity. "But w.hen the Faithful clearly understand that they must fight with courage, always under the banner Of Christ Our King,. they will then sttidy with the zeal of Apostles how best to lead rebellious and ignorant people back "to God. At the same time they will themselves acquire strength to keep inviolate God’s holy laws." (Quas ¯ Primas) Last Christmas Eve Pope Plus XII, b.roadcast[ng t6 ~he whole world, called upon "all men of good will to unite in a holy crusade . . .. Sad as is the condition of the world today, it is not a time for lamentation. Now is the time for action .... ¯ Be ready to serve and sacrifice yourselves like the crusaders of old. Then the issue was the liberation of a land hallowed by the life of the Incarnate Word of God. Today the call is to set free the holy land of the spirit, that, liberated from all the evils and errors to which it is subject, there may arise thereon a new social order of lastingpeace and justice .... Thesewords are meant as a rall_ying cry to the magnanimous and brave of heart." They are a call’to them "to unite in a solemn vow" whereby they pledge themselves "not to rest until in all peoples and in all nations 292 PRAYER TO CHRIST THE KING on earth there shall be formed a vast legion who are bent on bringing back man to God." "’Divine Heart o~: Jesus, I Offer Thee M~t Poor Actions" Young and 01d, weak and strong, learned and unlet-tered-- Leach one can do much to hasten the reign of Christ over man. ¯ Made a soldier of Christ by Confirmation, each of us must "labor as a.good.soldi~r of Christ" (II Timothy 2:4). .- Insignificant as our actions seem, they yet have great efficacy for good. "A wondrous bond joins all the Faithful to Christ, the same bond which unites the head with the other members of the body, namely, the communion of saints, a bond full of mystery which we believe in as Catholics, and by virtue of which individuals and nations are not only united, to one another but likewise with the he~d itself, ’who is Christ. For from him the whole body (being closely joined and knit together through every joint of the system according to thefunctioning in due measure of each single part) derives its increase to the- building up of itself in love’ " (Ephesians 4:15-1 6). (Miserentissimus) "W.e are held to the duty of making reparation by the most powerful motives of justice and love
of justice, in order to expiate the injury done to God by .our sins and to re-establish by means of penance the Divine Order which has been violated
and of love, in order to suffer together with Christ... so that we may bring Him, in so far as our human weakness permits, some comfort in His sufferings." ( M iserentissimus ) "At the present ,time we in a marvellous manner may ¯ and ought to console that Sacred Heart which is be.ing wounded continually by the sins of thoughtless men, since Christ Himself grieved over the fact that He was abandoned 293 THOMAS A. O°CONN~R by His friends. For He said, in the words of the Psalmist, ’My heart has expected reproach and misery. And I looked for one that would grieve together with Me, but there was none
and for one that would comfort me, and I found none... "Anyone who has been considering in a spirit of love all that has beefl recalled [namely about the sufferings Christ endures from men].., if he has impressed these thoughts, as it were, upon the fleshy tablets of his heart, such a one assuredly cannot but abhor and flee all sin as the greatest of evils. "He will also offer himself whole and entire to the will of God, and will strive to repair the injured Majesty of God by constant prayer, by voluntary penances, by patient suf-fering of all those ills which shall befall him
in a word be will so organize his life that in all things it will be inspired bythe spirit of reparation .... "We order .... a solemn act of reparation in order that we may, by this act, make reparation for our own sins and may repair the rights which have been violated of Christ, the King of Kings and our most loving Master." (Mis-erentissimus) "’That All Hearts Mag Acknowledge Thg Sacred Rogaltg’" "The annual celebration of this feast [o~ Christ the King] ~will also become a means of recalling to the nations their duty of publicly worshipping Christ, that to render Him obedience is not only .the duty of private individuals but of rulers and governments as well .... His royal dig-nity demands that. Society as a whole should conform itself to the commandments of God and to the principles of the Christian life, first by the stablizati0n of its laws, then in the administration of justice, and above all things in pre-paring the souls of our young people for the acceptance of 294 PRAYER TO CHRIST THE KING sound doctrine and the leading-of holy lives." (Quas Primas) "If the heads of nations wish the safety of their govern-ments and the growth and progress of their country,, they must not refuse to give, together with the people, public testimony of reverence and obedience to the Empire~of Christ." (Quas Primas) "’And That Thus the Reign ot: Th~ Peace Mar Be Established throughout the Universe. Amen." If men, both privately and publicly, will recognize the ~overeign power of Christ, the signal benefits Of a just free-dom of calm order and of harmony and peacewill pervade . the whole human race. Just as the royal rights of our Lord" render the hflman authority of princes and heads of states sacred to a certain degree, so too they ennoble the duties imposed by obedience on the citizen. "If princes and legitimate rulers will be convinced that. they ’rule notso much in theii own right as through a man-date from the Divine King
it is easy to see what holy and wise use they will make of their power, and with what zeal for the common good and the dignity of their subjects they will be inflamed both in the making and the enforcing of laws.. When. this happens every reason for sedition is removed and order and tranquility flourish and grow strong. When citizens see that their rulers and the heads of their states are men like themselves, or are for some rea-son. unworthy or culpable, they will continue even then to o.bey their commands because they Will recognize in them the image of the authority of Christ, the God-m~in. "As for the effect of all this upon concord and peace, manifestly the vaster this Kingdom is and the more widely it embraces mankind, so much the more will men become conscious of the bond of brotherhood that unites them. 295 THOMAS A. O’CONNOR Just as this consdousness of their brotherhood ’banishes conflicts so too it weakens bitterness and turns ’them into, love. If the Kingdom of Christ, which rightly embraces all men, should in fact embrace them, could we then despair of that peace which the King. of Peace brought to earth, that King, We say, who came ’to reconcile all things, who did not come to be served but to serve others’ and who, though the Lord of all, made Himself an example of humility and charity as His chief law? ’My. yoke is easy and my burden light’ (Matthew 11:30). "Oh, what happiness might we enjoy if individual families and states would only allow themselves tobe ’ruled by Christ! ’Then indeed,’ to use the words of Our Prede-cessor, Leo XIII, addressed twenty’-five years ago to all the Bishops of the Catholic world, ’would many wounds be cured, and every right would r.egain its ancient force and the blessings of peace would return, and swords and weapons would fall to the ground, when all would will-ingly accept tl6e Empire of Christ and obey Him and when every tongue would proclaim that Our .Lord Jesus Christ is in the glory, of His Father’." (Quas Primas and Annum Sacrum) To serve Him is to reign, now and forever. Thy Kingdom come. Thy will be done. Long live Christ the King! [NOTE: The ~ompl~te text of the Prager to ChriSt the King reads as follows: 0 Christ Jesus, I acknowledge Thee King of the universe. All that has been cre-ated has been made for Thee. Exercise upon me all Thy rights. I renew my bap-tismal promises renouncing Satan and all his works and pomps. I promise to, live a good Christian llfe and to do all in my power to procure the triumph of the rights~ of Go’d and Thy Church. Divine Heart of Jesus, I c.ffer Thee my poor actions.in order~to obtain that all hearts mag acknowledge Thy sacred Royalty and that thus the reign of Tb~l peace may be established throughout the universe. Amen.] 296 Progress In Prayer Robert B, Eiten, S.J. 44=I"o PRAY well is to live .well"--this is an old saying
famiiiar to us all. In modern scientific dress and as applied to religious, the first part, "to pray well," might be paraphrased by "progress in prayer"
and the last, "to live well," by "spiritual progress." Thus complete, our new title would be: "Progress in .Prayer is Spiritual, Progress." We religious are-all certainly-interested in spiritual progress5 for we have often heard of the obligation of tending to perfection or of making spiritual progress. We must then be interested in progress in prager since it is a very important factor in our spiritual growth. Note the title reads: "Progress in Prayer," not "Prog-ress through Prayer." Here we are not concerned with showing how prayer helps us to grow spiritually. We have taken that for granted. With this in mind our whole attention is rather focussed on progress in prayer. Besides--to make a brief important digression=-if we had been told in our early novitiate days that we should always make our prayer in the same way and that there was no hope of progress in our prayer-life, I believe that we should have been much discouraged and not very ambi-tious. That is only natural, for all life-activity seeks im-provement and development. Thus, prayer, being an activ-ity of our supernatural life, naturally.should develop, or, t6 come back to our title
there should be "Progress in Prayer." Progress in prayer carl refer either to the intensity, that is, the deep fervor of our prayer., or to. its continuity and frequency, or to both at the same time. We shall limit our- 297 ROBERT B. EITEN selves here.to its continuity, for through this approach a mode of intensified prayer-life will also be found. Perhaps there are some souls who never have the proper attitude towards prayer. These really need a few ¯ simple and
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Issue 49.5 of the Review for Religious, September/October 1990.
R[ vl~ w ~-OR R~-t ~G~OUS (ISSN 0034-639X) ~,, pubhshed b~-monthly at St Louis Unlver,,~ty by the M~s-soun Prov~nce Educational Institute ol the Society of Jesus: Editorial Office
3601 Lmdell Blvd.. Rm. 428
St. Louis, MO 63108-3393. Second-class postage paid at St. Louis MO. Single copies $3.50. Subscriptions: United States $15.00 for one year
$28.00 for two years. Other countries: US $20.00 for one year: if airmail. US $35.00 per year. For subscription orders or change of address. write: R~vtEw FOR R~-:~.w, ous: P.O. Box 6070: Duluth. MN 55806. POSTMASTER: Send address changes tu R~:vw~:w vor Rv:~.~aot~s
P.O. Box 6070
Duluth, MN 55806. ~1990 Rv:vt~.:w vor Rl.:Li~
~ot~s. David L. Fleming, S.J. Philip C. Fischer, S.J. Elizabeth McDonough, O.P. Jean Read Mary Ann Foppe Editor Associate Editor Canonical Counsel Editor Assistant Editors Advisory Board David J. Hassel, S.J. Mary Margaret Johanning, S.S.N.D. Iris Ann Ledden, S.S.N.D. Sean Sammon, F.M.S. Wendy Wright, Ph.D. Suzanne Zuercher, O.S.B. September/October 1990 Volume 49 Number 5 Manuscripts, books for review and correspondence with the editor should be sent to Rv:\’~:w v’o~ Rv:w.uaot~s
3601 Lindell Blvd.
St. I~mis, MO 63108-3393. Correspondence about the department "Canonical Counsel" should be addressed to Eliza-beth McDonough, O.P.
5001 Eastern Avenue
P.O. Box 29260
Washington, D.C. 20017. Back issues and reprints should be urdered from Rr:\’~:w roa Rr:~.~
m~s
St. IA~uis, MO 63108-3393. "Out of print" issues are available from University Microfilms International
300 N. Zeeb Rd.
Ann Arbor, MI 48106. A major portion uf each issue is also available on cassette recordings as a service for the visually impaired. Write to the Xavier Suciety for the Blind
154 East 23rd Street
New York. NY 10010. PRISMS... At the May meeting of the Advisory Board for REvIEw FOR RELIGtOUS, the members became engrossed in a discussion of the heritages-- Benedictine, Dominican, Salesian, and many others--that consecrated life fosters and should foster in the Church. Sometimes women and men religious forget their special call to be channels of their own spiritual tra-dition and practice. Religious life, signalized in Vatican II documents as belonging to the charismatic structure of the Church, continues to give birth anew to its members by the overshadowing of the Spirit. The particular spiritual in-sights and practices which establish each religious community become permanent gifts not only to the vowed members but also to the whole Church. The Church’s recognition and approval is based on this prem-ise. Religious life plays a critical role in carrying forward the Christian spiritual-life traditions in the Church community. The Church expects in-dividual religious and religious families to give witness to their spiritual traditions. It is no surprise, then, that books and journals dealing with the spiritual life (such as REv=Ew FOR REUCtOUS) are so often the product of people living in this consecrated lifeform. In our times we are being made far more aware of the tradition of the Pauline Body of Christ, with the differing gifts of its members. One of the gifts specially present in religious life is its responsibility to hand on the spiritual-life traditions within the Christian community. Obviously God’s gifts are never merely self-enhancing, and so religious life was never meant to be a caste apart or its own separate church. The gift of religious life within the Church only heightens the ways that Christians feel called to live out their following of Jesus in their own day--not only the members with a particular religious calling,.but also friends, cowork-ers, students, parishioners---in a word, all who are touched in some way by members of a religious community. This journal’s very title could seem to restrict its reading audience to people following a certain consecrated lifeform recognized in the Church. But, as a matter of fact, from its beginnings almost fifty years ago, REvmw FOR REL~CIOUS has invited diocesan priests, bishops, and lay people to find in its pages the roots of our Christian spiritual heritage which nourish us all. The number of subscribers other than religious was small in the beginning, but has grown steadily, especially with the bur- 641 642 / Review for Religious, September-October 1990 geoning of ministries and prayer groups in the Church after Vatican II. Articles in REvmw FOR RELm~OtJS will continue to focus on various Christian heritages which religious life helps keep alive in the Church. We hope thereby to provide for all our readers access to roots as well as to budding developments in the living of the Christ-life. The authors in this issue again are representative of our reading audi-ence. For example, Barbara Dent, well-known for her spiritual writings, continues her own experiential reflections on a prayer tradition deep in the Carmelite religious family. Father Richard Lamoureux, a.a., takes an "American" approach to an age-old Augustinian tradition of prayer. The diocesan priest Father Clyde Bonar uses the experiences of St. Fran-cis of Assisi to suffuse with faith the human experience of shame. Dr. James Magee, professor of gerontology, in his article "Planning an In-tercommunity Skilled Nursing Facility," tries to facilitate the working together of religious groups coming from various religious traditions. Perhaps at this time in history we especially need to grow in our ap-preciation of religious life as the purveyor of the Christian spirituality heritage. If we do grow in this way, the Church worldwide will become all the richer in its own life and mission. David L. Fleming, S.J. Moral Issues in Spiritual Direction Shaun McCarty, S.T. Father Shaun McCarty, S.T., teaches in the Washington Theological Union and is a staff member of the Shalem Institute for Spiritual Formation. His address is Holy Trinity Mission Seminary
9001 New Hampshire Avenue
Silver Spring, Maryland 20903. My gracefully aging mother has acquired a certain Wisdom from the ex-perience of her years, yet she still seeks confirmation from her clerical eldest in matters of faith and morals! Vatican II suited her just fine be-cause, she says, "It said a lot of things I always thought!" On my weekly visits, she will often begin with, "Now tell me if I’m to think this way, but .... " And then she will go on to comment on some issue she has been thinking about in the quiet of her "digs" in a condomin-ium for the elderly (which she sometimes thinks may be the only heaven she will get to!). On the issue of Church: "I go to church because I like to, not because I have to. But I can’t see running in and out all the time. Especially when people need you. What good is it to go to church if it does not help you be a better person outside?" On prayer: "God’s not just in church. He is (she is not fully feminist yet!) in my apartment too. And I do not think ! have to say a lot of prayers
God and I just have these talks when I say what is on my mind and he talks to me." On sev-eral occasions she has raised this moral issue: "Now tell me if I am wrong to think this way, but I think a lot of these rules that come from the Church are not God’s. Most are man-made. Now I think God gave us heads to think ourselves. Not just run off and ask the priest what is right or wrong or wait for the Pope to tell us what to do or not do. If you ask me, I just think the reason people do that is because they are too damn lazy to think for themselves! Now is it wrong for me to be think-ing this way?" I ask her: "Now, Morn, don’t you think the Church has 643 644 / Review for Religious, September-October 1990 anything to say about what is right or wrong?" She answers: "Of course, but I’m choosy about whom I listen to!" I just smile, shake my head and assure her that she will probably escape ecclesiastical censure! Actually, she gives new meaning, life, and hope for the terms spiritual and moral life! ’Moral is one of those words laden for many with negative undertones ~uch as repressive, punishing, puritan, pharisaical, and the like. Spiri-tual often connotes an a_nemic and pious evasion of down,t0-earth~ d~ ~o-day living. Until we encounter both embodi_e_d_and~i0tegr_~t_ed_i_n~--~l ,rpeople like Mom ,hose lives and choices validate t~]~ch~i’~hg0i~nd prayer! rYOften, too, moral life and spiritual life are separated: the former re- .ferring to what is right and wrong
the latter, to what is good and beetler. 19 the ministry of spiritual direction, which aims primarily-at-’spiri~ual ~rowth, moral issues frequently arise and discrepancies become appa~ ~.nt either within the value system of the dii’ectee, between the dire~tee an~ Church teaching, or between the value systems of the d~rector and the~ dtrectee. What follows wall be an attempt to provide a frame.w~o_rk m which spiritual gu~des~can-tleal’w~th~moral-~ssues’and’grapple with such ~liscrepancies. ~I will first explore the meaning and relationships of some key terms ip.cluding moral and spiritual life, conscience and discernment. Then, I will consider the role of Church as teacher and the role of the spiritual director as guide in the formation of conscience, including some specific ~reas in which the director can be helpful. Finally, I will raise some dif-ficulties that can occur in dealing with moral issues in the ministry of s~iritual direction. ~Moral and Spiritual Life I.n the context of this article, spiritual life means graced growth in the~spirit, that is, in that dimension of human existence by which we are ~.open t~___.transcendent_ rove and drawn by the Spirit into intimate union ~.with God and communion with each other through, with, and in Christ. ~lokalli~ refers t0-th-~t ~i~e~ct of life that has to~do with. human C~h~0~ic~-s ~fi~eely~made~and~lowngl6ehav~ors~freely:embraced~that
-:under:grace, en- ~able one to pursue good, avoid evil, and~ herice, grow hurria-~ly. ,~ As moral theologians point out, unfortunately in the past, there tii~S ~.been and continues to be a split between moral and spiritual theology. Respected Redemptorist theologian, Bernard Haring says: Moral theology for the use of confessors and penitents was almost un- Moral Issues / 645 avoidably guided by the knowledge of dominion and control. Since such a theology, written mostly for controllers, could threaten the freedom of believers in the realm of things solicited by grace, it seemed best to leave out or bypass spirituality .... ~ This resulted in a dual track for Christians: one for an elite who wanted to strive for maximum ideals in "seeking perfection" and the other for those who were satisfied to meet minimum expectations in "sav-ing their souls." Beatitudes were for the former
commandments for the latter. Not only was there a split between classes of Christians, but indi-vidual conscience also was divided into two compartments: one for moral norms, the other for "works of supererogation" (those above and be-yond the call of duty!). ~e dichotomies_are unfortunate. Moral and spiritual life are warp and w~i’~?oi
~ameTf:~l~i-U.~’~’~]i~~fiaor~a~:~on focuses on an~ai-ea key to human, and therefore, spiritual growth--namely, that of choices that define a person more-thah anything else and behaviors that promot~ ~0~ih~.
there is a universal call to holiness. To love God with all our hearts and to love others as Christ loves us is a normative ideal for every Christian. The choice is not between a "spiritual" life or a "moral" life. Whether intentional or not, every Christian is on a spiritual journey and summoned to be challenged by the beatitudes as well as by the com-mandments. Again, B. Haring: It is detrimental to the very fundamental norms of Christian ethics, but especially to the formation of a distinctively Christian consciousness, if the law of growth and the criteria for a deeper understanding of Chris-tian love are relegated to another discipline .... But it should be equally clear that a distinctively Christian formation of conscience does not belong to those who specialize in "knowledge of control"! For it is at the very heart of salvation.2 The bottom line is that love is the highest common denominator of every moral act as well as the source and goal of all spiritual growth. ~Con~_s_cience ~I~n general, as a faculty of moral lif~-,-~ohscience is concerned with .~ ~ ........... ~.-:~ ~. . - ~ . .~- ,h~urfian cbOic6s of good or ewl. An ~nformed conscience is the final ar-biter of moral choice. It refers to that element in the experience of free-dom that makes one aware of responsibility and accountability for one’s decisions and actions. The biblical term for conscience is "heart" in which God’s will is written (Rm 2:15). Theologically speaking, it is "self-consciousness passing moral judgment.’ ,3 In speaking of the dig- 646 / Review for Religious, September-October 1990 nity of moral conscience, the Fathers of Vatican II described conscience as "... the most secret core and sanctuary of a man (sic). There he is alone with God, whose voice echoes in his depths."4 Conscience may be said to operate at three levels: ~(1) Fundamental level: This refers to th~ hiJFria--ff-~apacity freely t6 ~hoose a life-orientation towards God (the Choi~ce)
_tp. p~_rsue .good(the Wight) and to avoid evil (the Darkness) with an awareness of respp.n__s_i~ ~ility and accountabilii’~At this level, one may be said to have a ge~n- ~ral sense of value.’ A fundamental choice for the Light assumes that to be human is to have basic freedom and to have a radical openness to the mystery of God which, again, defines a person more than anything else. To take this option is to experience metanoia (change of heart) which af-fects the whole person (body, mind, and spirit). It is an invitation to turn over all of one’s energies to God, to put one’s life at the disposal of God, to be a disciple in loving service of others as Christ did and to live under the guidance of the Spirit in subsequent day-to-day decisions. It is in the light of this fundamental level of conscience that important life-decisions such as marriage, priesthood, and vowed life should be made. (2) Reflection/assessment level (individual choices): This level con-cerns day-to-_day choices of varying degrees of importance requiring a process of moral reasoning related to concrete situations.~It calls for re-flection, discussion, and analysis. I think it is what my mother means I~y "using the head that God gave us." Here one is concerned with spe-cific perception of value. At this level, there is room for difference, dis-agreement, error, blindness, distortion, rationalization, confusion, and cultural blindness. Consequently, it is primarily at this level that a per-son needs assistance from more objective sources including Sacred Scrip-ture, one’s faith community, friends, confessor, and spiritual director. It is precisely at this level that conscience needs continually to be formed and informed. For that to happen effectively, a person needs humility so that conscience can "kneel at the altar of truth" to which conscience is always subject. It is at this level that the teaching Church as reposi-tory of the values of a faith-community, has an important but limited role as moral teacher and one distinct from that of spiritual director. More about this later. ~,~.(3)~Action level: This refers.to.the_moral judgment or choice of wh~t one believes to be right that brings with it a moral imperative to act. At C~his lev~e_l, a person exercises responsibility and accountability for actions ~and for the consequences of actions that conscience commands. A sign of responsible moral choice is growth in willing, compassionate concern/ Moral Issues / 647 action as opposed to willful, selfish action/inaction. In other words, genu-ine moral judgments and decisions find their completion and become enfleshed in moral deeds. pis:ernn~en~t i Discernment refers to the prayerful sorting out of interior movements ~expenenCe~d ~n-theprocess of tnakmg judgments and deos~ons to deter-m~ ne’wh~ch are of the Spent consequently resonant w~th the fundamen-taVl level-of c-~fiscie0.~e.-It presupposes a quest Of interior freedom as w~ll ~.ffs-careful attent~0n to the concrete particulars of a situation taking into i~onsideration subjective feelings as well as objective facts. It is possible to speak also of levels of discernment that bear some correlation with the levels of conscience occurring at: (1) the fundamen-tal (or core) level of faith, where a person becomes aware of God-experience in light of which one perceives that way of life where she or he can best express and pursue a fundamental choice of God and the good
(2) the reflection/assessment level of day-to-day choices of vary-ing degrees of significance and permanence made with a sufficient de-gree of interior freedom and in resonance with one’s fundamental expe-rience of God
(3) the action level whereby a discerned judgment or de-cision is brought to completion by translating it into a concrete behavior that, if it is truly discerned, will bear the fruits of the Spirit. Relationship of DiScernment and Conscience Discernment is critical in the process of what lawyer-priest, R.P. Stake, calls the "evangelization of conscience" which entails the power of the Gospel to reveal to an individual the fact and the seriousness of one’s sins.5 What discernment brings to the evangelization of conscience in:~ cludes: (l) a sharper focus on the subjective and unique factors at work,] for this person in this .situation (especially important at a time of accel-erating moral complexity and waning adequacy of objective moral norms and extrinsic moral authority)
(2) a situating of decision-making within ff ~?a biblical tradition of both Old and New Testaments, especially in the letters of John and Paul
~(3) a rooting and contextualizing of the decision-r~ aklng process in a person’s prayer and experience of Go~l
(4) a more ihtentional attempt to examine motivations to see from where they are ~commg and to where they are ’l~ading so as to create the conditions for greater interior freedom in making choices
~(-5) a nuancing of choicest-- not just of the good over the bad, the genuinely good over the supposed good, but also choices among goods
~(6) in contrast to an excessive de- 6411 / Review for Religious, September-October 1990 pendence on laws and authority as sources of moral judgment, discern-ment is conducive to ~clearEr focusing of responsibility four,the decision ~. 3. -- a~nd its cons~equ_e_n-ces on_ the pers_on making the de_.c~!s~on
(~7) ~n contrast to an individualistic and isolated process, a situating of the decision~ making process within the context of a person’s faith commUfiity
(,8)~ contrast to a more exclusively rational and deductive approach (~s is often the case in the exercise of prudence ), ] serious~consideration of human affectivit~ as an important locus of grace~in human choice. , In testing the spirits oy measunng them against one s tunoamen-tal God-experience, moral judgments are more likely to be integrated with conscience as well as reinforcing of conscience at the level of one’s fundamental choice¯ In short, discernment makes for a more prayerful, thorough, personalized, interiorized, and human process of conscience formation¯ Hopefully the discussion thus far makes clear that discernment is not dispensation from moral law, but rather an invaluable help in observing it. Rather than an "occasional exercise," discernment presupposes the cultivation of a "prayerful mode" and commitment to contemplative practice that can clarify one’s vision and solidify one’s dedication to truth¯ It is interesting to note that moral theologians today are showing a marked interest in a discernment approach to moral choice.6 ~,Role of the Church in Formation of Conscience ~The Church (understood as the e~n~ir’~Z~P~’o~le~f~G~d)~ qt preserves and hands down a faith-community’s values, is an impor-tant, but limited agent in the evangelization of conscience¯ The teaching ~’Church is not a substitute for conscience
nor is its proper role one o~ ~Grand Inquisitor"
nor yet is it the ultimate arbiter of morality¯ Con-science is. But the Church is a privileged moral teacher and recognized ~leader that plays a significant role in thg~ilJp_mination of conscience. It d~es not create morality. Rather it helps people to discover God’s de-sires for humankind which are written on the "fleshy tablets" of the hu- ~man heart¯ Not only does the Church embrace historically and cross-culturally an experience far wider than that of a single individual or cul-ture, but believers hold that the Church has special guidance from the Holy Spirit. Though the Church cannot be expected to address all the val-ues in every moral situation, it can provide norms against which people can measure their own moral judgment. Such norms protect values. Val-ues may be protected in different ways in different eras and/or cultures. Above all, the Church is eminently equipped to help form mature Chris-tian consciences that will enable people to accept responsibility for "us- Moral Issues / 6t19 ing the heads God gave them" in arriving at sound moral decisions. ~Role of-Sp~tual Director in Formation of Conscience ¯ ,Since:mOraVand~spiritual~life:should not’be d~vided~ the~d~rector ob7- ~o~s.~y ~ concerned w~th the moral choices of the directee. In the pro-cess of disce~ment, choices should be consonant with a fundamental choice of the Light and with the person’s value system. Though neithe~ ~a represeatative 6fthe-teaching Church as such nor a moral judge of oth- .ers -Consc~ence~ ~n the role of spiritual dire&or, nevertheless ihe-dir~’ t~r dbe~ have a responsibility to assist in the ongoing evangelization of conscience by way of enabling individuals to find their own way.- The director also needs to pay attention to his or her own blocks, biases, and unfreedoms that can arise from conflicts between the director’s value sys-tem and that of the directee. The director’s moral code is not normative ,for the directee. ~ spiritual director acts best as moral guide by being a witness to ~,(trut~hd pers0ndleXample Of integrity~- In addition, the director can help form consciences by appropriate interventions, pat~’e nt wa~t~ng," " compas-sionate understanding, and by maintaining a non-judgmental attitude, -~hde at the same t~me offering honest challenge. The most helpful in-tervention is attentive listening. All spiritual growth, including the evangelization of conscience, happens incrementally. This calls for pa-tience and attentiveness to the readiness of the directee in a~iving at her or his own judgments. It should be noted that self-denigration is one of the most basic moral issues with which many in direction need to deal~ Real or supposed moral lapse especially can deepen it, and this calls for compassionate understanding. Yet, good people are prone to subtle ways of rationalizing and, at times, need honest challenge. It is one thing to experience ambiguity in moral issues
it is another to refuse to wrestle with it] It is comfo~ing to remember that when difficulties arise, the same Holy Spirit who illumines discerning hea~s is also leading persons to moral integrity~ What specifically can a spiritual guide do to enable the formation of conscience? At the fundamental level of conscience, it can be assumed that the person coming for direction has made a fundamental choice of God and the pursuit of good. It would be important in making discerned moral choices that persons continue to refer back to the deepest level of their God-experience. In reference to a major life-decision affecting a per-son’s deepest commitments (for example, to enter or to leave marriage, priesthood, vowed life), a director might ask: Has the directee spent shf-ficient time in serious prayer? Made a careful examen of motives? Asked 650 / Review for Religious, September-October 1990 others for feedback? It is at the reflection/assessment level of conscience that most guid-ance is sought. :S~6’~ " a "ec o be ~i~fulz ~ (1 ) In assessing moral maturity: What is the quality of the moral rea-soning process of the directee in reference to this choice? Does the per-son have a sufficiently informed conscience? Where are the blind spots? To what extent is the directee open to outside input? Is she or he making efforts to inform conscience by some reference to moral norms? (for ex-ample, Scripture, norms of his or her faith community?) Has the directee already made up his or her mind and now is unwilling to be "confused with the facts"? Does the directee rely on authority and law for some directives she or he likes, but on a subjective process of "discernment" for others she or he does not? Who will be affected and how by this moral choice? (2) In clarifying values: What values seem important to the directee (as they become visible in choices acted upon as well as spoken of!) and in what priority are they held? Does the person have sufficient clarity con-cerning these priorities? What values does the directee perceive in refer-ence to the specific moral issue with which she or he is now struggling? Is there any struggle? In "grey" areas is the directee willing to strug-gle? Has the director grappled with the same issue and know where she or he stands at present? Is the director clear about his or her own value system? What unfreedoms in the director might significantly hinder fa-cilitating the directee’s discernment? (3) In establishing a prayerful mode: Is the directee bringing the is-sue to prayer/discernment: sufficiently in touch with her or his experi-ence of God? seeking inner freedom? gathering sufficient data? attentive to affective responses as options are explored and data gathered? In re-flecting on and in assessing options, does the directee feel any incongru-ence or resistance within towards one or the other option? In deciding on the action level of conscience: Does the directee trans-late moral judgments into deeds? Is she or he open to accountability? Will-ing to take responsibility for his or her actions? What are the conse-quences of the directee’s moral decision for others? For self? ~Difficulties Facing Directors in Dealing with Conscience ,Since consciences differ as people do, it .is tO be expe~.cot_eod_~that diffi- ~’ulties can arise indealing with moral issues. These include: ~(1) Difference in moral conviction: When there is a difference of moral conviction on an issue with a directee (for example, divorce, Moral Issues / 651 greed, tax fraud, contraception, sexual activity, and so forth), what is the moral responsibility of the spiritual director? Although a guide in the process of moral choice rather than a teacher of morality, a spiritual di-rector must make a judgment as to whether she or he feels so strongly about an issue as to be unable to help the person deal with it. The direc-tor might pose the question: Will my own strong conviction constitute a major interference in the direction process? What would be appropri-ate to share with the directees at this time concerning my difference of conviction? (For example, a director might be absolutely unwilling to help a person "discern" an abortion.) ~(2) Inadequate social moral consciousness of the directee: What can a director do to help a person broaden the horizons of a conscience lack-ing in social consciousness or with little sense of social sin? On the one hand, the director needs to respect the value system of the directee and to respect readiness for change. On the other hand, the working alliance between the two should also have provided for appropriate challenge as a help to growth. If social consciousness seems to need broadening, a director might: (a) suggest readings to provoke thought
(b) be attentive to possible points of entry for discussion arising from life experience re-ported by a directee that can be occasions of broadening social aware-ness-- for example, a chance brush with a beggar or a personal experi-ence of discrimination
(c) suggest firsthand exposure to situations of so-cial concern--for example, volunteering time at a shelter for the home-less
(d) at times of periodic assessment (for which a good working alli-ance will also make provision), an honest and direct, yet gentle challenge may be in order. ~)(3) Distress after moral lapse: Without unduly mitigating a healthy sense of guilt that helps a person to recognize culpability and move to repentance, a compassionate director can help minimize the debilitating preoccupation that often accompanies guilt. If a person is overly dis-traught over a moral lapse, a director can help by getting the directee to contextualize it, that is, to see it in relationship to his other fundamental option and to the rest of his or her moral life. Does it reverse the funda-mental optioh? Erode it? Not substantially affect it? In addition to sin, where has grace been experienced? How might the experience of moral lapse and its aftermath (for example, a lessening of spiritual pride) been an occasion of grace? Conclusion In dealing with moral issues in spiritual direction, we have explored the meaning and relationship of moral and spiritual life and seen that the 652 / Review for Religious, September-October 1990 two should not be divided. Moral life has as one of its concerns a key aspect of spiritual life--namely, decision-making and its relationship to character formation. Discernment is not an alternative to, but an enrich-ment of moral decision-making. Both Church as moral teacher and spiri-tual director as moral guide play significant, but different and limited roles in the formation of conscience--the final arbiter of moral judgment which, in turn, must always remain open to ongoing formation. Finally, we considered some ways for a spiritual director to deal with difficulties that arise in dealing with moral issues. Hvopefully, both Church and spiritual director will provide teachi~g~ find guidance that will enable folks, as-Mom says, "to use the heads God !~ga,~ethem to think for themselves!" That might give both the terms moral and spiritual life better press! You know, as I think of it, my mother was and continues to be my first (and probably my best!) profes-sor of moral and spiritual theology! Exercise Can you think of a situation in which your moral judgment differed from that of a directee? One in which the directee’s was in conflict with Church teaching? What did you judge as your own moral responsibility towards the di-rectee? How did this affect your ability to discern as spiritual director? How did you try to discern what you should share with the directee? What aided your discernment? NOTES ~ See B. Haring, Free and Faithful in Christ, Vol. I (New York: Seabury, 1978), pp. 2-3. 2 Ibid, p. 253. 3 K. Rahner & H. Vorgrimler, Theological Dictionary (Herder & Herder, 1968), p. 95. 4 "Gaudium et spes," (n. 16) The Documents of Vatican II, W.M. Abbott, ed. (New York: Guild Press), p. 213. 5 R.P. Stake, "Grounding the ’Priest-Penitent Privilege’ in American Law," Con-fidentiality in the United States (Washington, D.C.: CLSA, 1988), p. 151. 6 For example, see Tracing the Spirit, J.E. Hug, ed. (New York: Paul ist, 1983), pp. 379ff. Should Spiritual Directors Be Licensed? Timothy Brown, S.J. and Harriet A. Learson Father Timothy Brown, S.J., is assistant professor of law in the Sellinger School of Business and Management, Loyola College in Baltimore, Maryland. Harriet Lear-son, M.B.A., M.A., is a senior management consultant, Right Associates, in Phila-delphia, Pennsylvania, and is a practicing spiritual director. Correspondence may be addressed to Loyola College
4501 North Charles Street
Baltimore, Maryland 21210- 2699. In today’s service-oriented society, one can hardly avoid the media’s al-most daily reports about the issue of malpractice. Doctors, lawyers, psy-chologists, psychiatrists, and human service professionals are becoming increasingly liable and vulnerable to public scrutiny regarding their prac-tices, philosophies, and ethics. In an editorial in the Jesuit publication Human Development Father James Gill, S.J., a Jesuit psychiatrist, raised the question of licensing spiritual directors. He comments: Haven’t we reached a point in the Church’s history when a group of well-trained and experienced spiritual directors can come together and deter-mine what type and amount of preparation would entitle a candidate to be licensed as a spiritual director? For the self-confidence of the direc-tors, no less than the well-being of their directees, a board of examiners and a certifying process comparable to those mai
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Issue 55.4 of the Review for Religious, July/August 1996.
Revi for Retig ous i, a fo .m for shared res ea on on the lived experience of all who find that the church’s rich heritages of spirituality support their personal and apostolic Christian lives. The articles in the journal are meant to be informative, practical, or inspirational, written from a tbeological or spiritual or sometimes canonical point of view. Review for Religious (ISSN 0034-639X) is published bi-monthly at Saint Louis UniversiD, by the Jesuits of the Missouri Province. Editorial Office: 3601 Lindell Boulevard ¯ St. Louis, Missouri 63108-3393. Telephone: 314-977-7363 ¯ Fax: 314-977-7362 E-Mail: FOPPEMA@SL UVCA.SLU.EDU Manuscripts, books for review, and correspondence with the editor: Review for Religious ¯ 3601 Lindell Boulevard ¯ St. Louis, MO 63108-3393. Correspondence about the Canonical Counsel department: Elizabeth McDonough OP 1150 Cedar Cove Road ¯ Henderson, NC 27536 POSTMASTER Send address changes to Review for Religious ¯ P.O. Box 6070 ¯ Duluth, MN 55806. Periodical postage paid at St. Louis, Missouri, and additional mailing offices. See inside back cover for information on subscription rates. ©1996 Review for Religious Permission is herewith granted to copy any material (articles, poems, reviews) contained in this issue of Review for Religious for personal or internal use, or for the personal or internal use of specific library clients within the limits outlined in Sections 107 and/or 108 of the United States Copyright Law. All copies made under this permission must bear notice of the source, date, and copyright owner on the first page. This permission is NOT extended to copying for commercial distribu-tion, advertising, institutional promotion, or for the creation of new collective works or anthologies. Such permission will only be considered on written application to the Editor, Review for Religious. for religiou$ Editor Associate Editors Canonical Counsel Editor Editorial Staff Advisory Board David L. Fleming SJ Philip C. Fischer SJ Regina Siegfried ASC Elizabeth McDonough OP Mary Ann Foppe Tracy Gramm Jean Read James and Joan Felling Iris Ann Ledden SSND Joel Rippinger OSB Edmundo Rodriguez SJ David Werthmann CSSR Patricia Wittberg SC Christian Heritages and Contemporary Living JULY/AUGUST1996 *VOLUME55 *’ NUMBER4 contents 342 symposium - part 3 Religious Life: Directions for a Future Albert Dilanni SM reviews three stages of religious-life renewal and sets forth those areas for future efforts. 365 expanding vision Internationality: Consciousness Raising and Conversion Janet Malone CND highlights six stages of consciousness raising in the process of a religious group’s becoming purposefully international. 373 Toward Multiculturalizing a Religious Community Finian McGinn OFM presents the challenge of multicultural diversity in religious-life communities and some directions towards resolution. Review for Religious 388 396 new life It’s Summer! A Letter to Young Religious Robert P. Maloney CM encourages those who are young to enjoy and use well the gifts of this summertime of life. Emerging Forms of U.S. Religious Life Marlene Weisenbeck FSPA identifies the motivations and the relationships between charism, mission, and ministry in the formation of new communities and styles of consecrated life. 414 425 340 431 436 witnessing I Guess and Fear Donald Macdonald SMM suggests some clarity points in the midst of current confusions in religious life. Force of Habit William Jud Weiksnar OFM reflects upon the sign and symbol value of the simple brown tunic of a Franciscan. departments Prisms Canonical Counsel: General Chapters: Current Legislation Book Reviews .~uly-August 1996 prisms FVhenT/~7 is "enough" enough? It is the common question: Did you get enough to eat? enough to drink? Is the room warm (cool) enough for you? Enough is a hard concept to define in our practical living. If people’s perception of their own worth as persons is tied up in their work, when have they worked long enough or hard enough? Some people find it difficult to turn over responsibility to others or "to retire." Enough seems not to have a place in their vocabulary. Others at a younger age let work consume their days and evenings and weekends. They, too, seem oblivious to the possibil-ity of freely chosen limits. We have heard the phrase "get a life" and we know that it can be a criticism to the quick for such people. Besides questions of food and drink and work and rest, enough plays a similarly difficult role in determining security. When are there more lights outside and more locks and alarm systems than we need for reasonable secu-rity? When do we have enough money for travel and its surprises and emergencies? When is there enough money put aside for care of the elderly--others or ourselves? The danger with a money-focus is, as Jesus describes in a story, that our barns are never quite big enough to hold our piled-up wealth. When we consider healthcare in the industrialized countries, we find again the difficulty of knowing when enough medical care has been called upon and when we are moving into extraordinary and sometimes minimally enhancing medical procedures. The subtlety of enough allows us morally to steer our way between the always immoral assistdd suicide and the decision to refuse any extraordinary means to prolong life. Review for Religious For each of us, in our uniqueness, to know how to live enough and move enough and have being enough remains a rich grace-gift to be prayed for. We call the gift which helps us to say "enough" Christian discernment. To be a person who discerns demands that we be people attuned to the working of God’s Spirit in our lives. Discernment is not a process of decision making that we stir up on a moment’s whim. When we think of people (per-haps including ourselves) as being attuned to God, we mean that they have a serious and ongoing relationship with God in prayer and in reflecting on the Scriptures and God’s workings in the world. Such people find themselves growing in a sensitivity, as all lovers do, to the ways of seeing, the desires, and the ways of acting of the one loved. That kind of sensitivity is the power source of our Christian discernment. Because sensitivity is involved, it is not something we learn by rulebooks although Jesus reminds us that "I have come, not to abolish [the law and the prophets], but to fulfill them" (Mt 5:17). As we can appreciate, the process of discerning is not a sometime thing that we can blithely manage at short notice unless we are sensitized lovers of God. The dailyness of prayer and Eucharist are privileged ways for us becoming lovers growing in sensitivity. Today we seem to live with the question of Enough? in many areas of our lives, and our personal decision about enough does not come easy. We need to enter deeply into our Catholic faith and experience Jesus’ promise of "another Paraclete." Yet there is one instance of enough which remains a paradox. Can we ever grow enough in God’s love that our sensitivity for discernment can say "enough"? David L. Fleming SJ NOTE: On our inside front cover we provide our E-mail address. For some of our domestic and international subscribers, it may give convenient and helpful access to our editorial office. ALBERT DI IANNI Religious Life: Directions for a Future symposium part 3 Today we often hear a question seldom asked before Vatican Council II: "How is it going with your congre-gation?" And We know immediately that the questioner is interested in vocations. Nearly always the answer is: "Quite good in the third world, but bad in the first world." After thirty years of renewal efforts, the average age of most congregations founded before the 20th century is in the 60s for male l~eligious.and in the 70s for female reli-gious. Patricia Wittberg speaks of "catastrophic decline," "collapse," and "probable demise," and Markham, of "mas-sive denial." In the 1960s religious women in the United States numbered over 200,000. They have suffered a 55 percent decline and now number about 90,000. Given their average age we can expect further decline. Male reli-gious have suffered a decline of over 30 percent. We can hedge about these cold facts, but they are a cause for deep concern. A moderate decline in vocations would be man-ageable, but such a steep decline demands that we ask searching questions about the process of renewal. There are disparities within the vocation situation. In the first world, some communities are attracting significant numbers of candidates. They are the newer communities like Mother Teresa’s Missionaries of Charity and the Albert Dilanni SM last wrote for us in September-October 1993. He is now superior of the Marist novitiate, Our Lady of Mercy, at 15 Notre Dame Avenue
Cambridge, Massachusetts 02140. Review for Retigio’us Legionaries of Christ. In Mexico the Legionaries are referred to as the. new Jesuits and are subjected to criticisms similar to those launched against Jesuits in an earlier age. (A new group with a similar name, Cruzados de Cristo, has sprung up in Mexico and is enjoying similar vocational success.) The Fellowship of New Religious Communities had sixty-three new Catholic congrega-tions on its 1993 mailing list. There are at least two dozen oth-ers) Most of these groups are traditional in theology, but creative in developing community structures and prayer forms and in their integration of the laity. Even in the third world, vocational growth is not homoge-neous. The .main areas of growth are sub-Saharan Africa and parts of Asia, especially India and Indonesia. Brazil, on the other hand, is either stable or on the decline. The crucial factor seems to be that the churches of Africa and Asia, often surrounded by strong Muslim groups, tend to be more "conservative" of classical Catholic practices and spirituality, while the Brazilian church more than all others has adopted liberationist tendencies. Three Stages of Renewal I believe that we are in the second’ phase of a three-step pro-cess in the renewal of religious life since Vatican II. The first step was the explosion immediately after Vatican II, an explosion pro-voked not only by the council but by the secular cultural revolu-tion. It was a time for rejecting all categories and trying to live in the in between. It was a time’of high experimentation in theology and lifestyles, of reexamination of all institutions including the family, traditional morality, and etiquette. In religious life we moved away from whatever seemed rigid, artificial, and stiflingly traditional, in favor of what seemed more dynamic, new, and life-giving. No longer defensive regarding the democratic ideals of the West, we sought to integrate them into our congregational existence. We dismantled structures that were in place for cen-turies, emphasized interpersonal dialogue and individual needs, decentralized authority, created leadership teams, redefined poverty, chastity, and obedience, abandoned institutional aposto-lates in favor of small-group work with the poor or the marginal, and reinterpreted community in terms of sharing quality time together. It was the best of times and the worst of times. It was a time of great creativity especially in the founding of new types J’ul),-./lugust 19~6 Dilanni ¯ ReligiousLife The second stage of the renewal, is the time of the winnowing fan, the stage of sober reassessment. of apostolate--Joan Chittister often stresses this and women’s role in it--but also a time of great confusion, of loss of identity, of abandonment of loyalties, of many departures and few arrivals, of decline in morale and fear of the future. The second stage of the renewal, in which we presently find ourselves, is the time of the winnowing fan, the stage of sober reassessment. Recent books and articles from all "over the ideo-logical spectrum are calling for self-criticism and evaluation of the directions taken .by the renewal: Avery Dulles, Elizabeth McDonough, Joan Chittister, Patricia Wittberg, Martin Tripole, Mary Jo Leddy, Judith Merkle, David Nygren and Miriam Ukeritis, and on and on. Almos~ all urge a move beyond the individualism apparent in the so-called "liberal" model. They speak of the need of "common vision" and a "corporate sense" and "criteria by which the validity of their lives can be measured." The authors do not agree on the solution. Some call for a deeper retrieval of the community’s charism (if it has a charism)
others, for a real communal commit-ment to helping the poor and the oppressed
and still others, like MaryJo Leddy and Joan Chittister, for a move beyond liberalism to something even more radical or revolutionary. The third stage in this renewal process will be, I believe, a time of greater peace, when the good features of the new have been institutionalized and its excesses discarded and Catholics once again view religious life as a way to follow Christ in a more literal way. In this symposium, however, we are still at the stage of sober reassessment, discussing whether we need to shift into a new gear and or just stay on cruise-control. I approach this challenge not in despair but in hope, a hope that arises out of reading the his-tory of religious life. Before the French Revolution (1789) there were 300,000 male religious "in Europe. Forty years after the Revolution this number had decreased by more than two-thirds to 70,000. But in the 1830s a great revival began. Some 600 new Roman Catholic religious congregations were founded in the 19th century, more than at any other period, and the actual number of religious attained historic new heights. The Jesuits, who had been suppressed from 1773 to 1814, flourished as never before. A similar reflowering is not impossible in our time. Review for Religious o The contemporary crisis of religious life has been very deep. It is related to the .attempt to restate the Christian faith for an age called postmodernity. We have been adapting with great strain to a new kind of need for God, not a God of the gaps who fills in for the weaknesses of science, but a God at the center of life, a God who provides depth of meaning and answers our ultimate concern. Directions for a Future: Background Considerations ., George Aschenbrenner SJ felt that in my 1994 book I had set down criteria that might guide a reevaluation of the renewal and an effective move to the future.2 So for the present symposium he assigned me this topic: What are the criteria for judging whether a .proposed change of direction or structure in religious life will be a profitable change? What are the signs of a good change? I have interpreted his question as asking: In what directions should we move, and why? But, before we can entertain the question of directions, some background considerations are necessary. First, we must realize that the theological backdrop to religious life has shifted dra-matically. Up to thirty years ago, all religious, irrespective of their style of life, shared a theological consensus that dated back to the early church. Whether they were hermits, monks and nuns, medieval mendicants, apostolic Jesuit-type religious, or religious of the newer 19th-century type, all religious viewed themselves as primarily engaged in saving souls, their own and those of others. Christianity in general and religious life in particular were given a mystical and eschatological interpretation and were concerned with union with God and "the four last things." Intellectual activ-ity and teaching and care of the sick were important, but were subordinate to a concern for eternal salvation, the "one thing necessary." Since Vatican II, however, chinks have appeared in this higher unity, this sacred canopy, and basic questions have been asked about the meaning of Christianity and the place of religious within it. While the media and some religious focus on controversial issues of church polity like clerical celibacy and women’s ordination, the deeper questions are: How should we conceive of our relationship to God? Does salvation begin on earth? What is the meaning of the kingdom of God? Within the mystical-eschatological emphasis, the dominant metaphor for women’s congregations was that of becoming a ~uly-Aug~st 1996 Dilanni ¯ Reli~ous L~e "spouse of Christ." To some people of today, this may seem intol-erably sexist, patriarchal or "kyriarchal," but the image contains a core of meaning valid for both men and women. It underscores the need for an affective union with Christ and with a personal God. Mystical language was its common coinage. Commentators spoke of "spiritual marriage" and "transforming union." Many books were written about progress in mental prayer, contempla-tion, and the three stages of the interior life. Today a hunger for spirituality is still alive among religious, witness the popularity of directed retreats and the Ignatian Exercises. It is part of what David Tracy calls an "amazing resurgence in spirituality.’’3 Nevertheless, our consuming interest has been elsewhere. Whereas previously religious sought to move outward from a deep interiority, we have preferred to begin with exteriority. Like behaviorists, we have been convinced that action shapes hearts and that congregational renewal would come from movement into relevant apostolates that reexpressed our charism. The "spouse of Christ" model was criticized as a "beautiful soul" spir-ituality, and its practitioners were compared to birds preening themselves. Salvation was brought down to earth, and holiness was linked with wholeness--becoming a well-integrated person-- and with service to others. "Crazy" saints like Philip Neri (who did outlandish things out of humility) were out. The fasting of Catherine of Siena and others has been understood as "holy anorexia" (Rudolph Bell’s term), a subconscious protest against male domination. Unless mortification was relational--a sacri-fice involved in one’s work for others--it was conside~’ed unhealthy. Better to work for and with the poor than to fast in adoration of God. As a result, a new metaphor for religious life replaced spouse of Christ. It was the image of the prophet at the cutting edge of social and political issues,, breaking new ground in the liberation and humanization of peoples, especially through systemic change in favor of the poor and oppressed. After the Jesuits’ dramatic shift toward faith and justice, the charisms of most other active congregations, no matter how diverse, were suddenly found to center on these same concerns. The Roman synod of 1971 called social justice a "constitutive" part of the Christian apostolate, and many interpreted this as meaning that it was to be a necessary component of each apostolate. Most recently, however, a reac-tion has set in. Jesuits like Avery Dulles and Martin Tripole, while Review for Religious agreeing .that social justice should be a fundamental concern of religious life, resist the notion that it is an essential ingredient of each Jesuit apostolate. It is now reported that even Pedro Arrupe SJ, its principal protagonist, had second thoughts about how it was absolutized.4 Strangely, the metaphor of religious as social prophet did not attract numbers of vocations, certainly not in the first world. Marie Augusta Neal admits this and attributes it to fear of its inherent difficulty and risks. But, historically, danger did not deter but rather whetted the appetite of people intent on the religious adventure. Nineteenth-century missionaries like St. Peter Chanel boarded rickety ships on precarious one-way trips lasting eleven months to preach to peoples who had not yet emerged from can-nibalism. Could the resistance to the new prophetic stance be due to something other than fear? Could it be that, however admirable, it is not perceived by Christian consciousness to be at the center of the religious project? In what follows I will set out three directions in which we must move in future efforts toward renewal. The first two are sociological and could apply to almost any social group or cor-porate entity. They are actually dialogues with Wittberg and with Nygren and Ukeritis, whose studies I find revealing. The third direction is theological and addresses some of the questions just raised. Directions for a Future The first direction: An effective religious community must be visible. Recent authors have sounded the alarm that religious life, especially among women, is disappearing as a visible corporate entity, as an institutional presence. Joan Chittister writes that religious communities have "done a great deal to foster the prophetic individuals in their midst," but "at the same time, they have done very little to function as prophetic groups.’’5 Elsewhere she dramatizes: "Religious must ask themselves what they stand for as a congregation and who knows it, because if nobody knows it we don’t stand for it." She continues: "When we stood for edu-cation, health service, and the care of innocent children, everyone knew it. When we stood for insertion of Catholics into the white Anglo-Saxon world, no one called that political, and everyone knew what we were about, Religious congregations stood as bul-j~ uly-dug~st 1996 Dilanni ¯ Religious Life warks against ignorance, illiteracy, disease, abandonment, and secularism. We turned our resources in those directions. Now we have the best-educated groups in the world, each member of which is regarded with professional respect, and the most invisi-ble congregations.’’6 " This is an important point that should guide future planning. If as religious we desire truly to influence others and attract new candidates, we cannot act as disembodied spirits, noncorporeal freedoms, anti-institutional angels. We must witness not only as individuals but as a collective unity. And to do so we must be vis-ible as a collective unity. Clearly, religious were more visible as members of a group when they worked in institutional commit-ments and wore an identifiable religious habit. When they left these institutions and took on secular jobs in social service, when they declined the habit and were absorbed into the crowd, they tended to lose corporate impact of all kinds, even the new one of being socioreligious prophets. "The more its members became unidentifiable," says Wittberg, "the more difficult it became for any order, as a corporate entity, to fulfill its newly defined prophetic role.’’7 Another major cause of the current invisibility of religious congregations has been our readiness to embrace contemporary democracy’s postmodern move toward absolute egalitarianism and nonelitism. Eager to abdicate every hint of triumphalism, we have become levelers. This is seen in the way we have interpreted Lumen gentium’s universal call to holiness, which, according to Wittberg, hit like a bombshell and robbed religious of a sense of distinctive identity. It had this effect because theologians and reli-gious interpreted it politically rather than theologically or spiri-tually. "We are all called to holiness," said the commentators, emphasizing the word all, as if the point of the doctrine were to rule out all talk about more or less effective roads to holiness or about religious life being a way of perfection aspiring to something higher. But is the political point the central thrust of the decla-ration? Should we not place less stress on the "all" and more on what we are all called to, that is, holiness? Should religious not be less worried about standing out (or failing to stand out) and more concerned about redoubling their efforts to achieve holiness within their life and lifestyle? In fact, what happened was that the idea of striving for personal holiness dropped out as the cen-tral concern for religious. Review for Religious The reason for this overemphasis on the political may be due to the church’s relative inexperience with democracy and moder-nity. In her sociological study of religious orders
Wittberg con-tends that the 19th-century religious congregations, sharing the restorationist mentality of the church, never really came to grips with the modern thrust toward liberty, fraternity, and equality. Rather, these congregations retreated into a fuga mundi (flight from the world), reinstated 17th-century practices, and lived in a time warp for years. In America this was exacerbated because most religious sprang from and ° worked in isolated immigrant subcultures. It is perhaps because of this that, when Vatican II opened the doors, the congre-gations went overboard in their embrace of the new forms of participative democ-racy. We eagerly adopted its absolute horror of distinctions for fear of elitism and played down all differences between religious and laypersons. As a result we vanished as visible corporate groups purporting to be on a different road to holiness.8 But can this continue? Can the concept of religious life long endure in an atmosphere of hyper-egalitarianism? Would reli-gious life ever have sprung up at all if some persons did not desire to be different and follow Jesus in a more literal way? Wittberg describes religious life as a form of virtuoso or (less frequently) heroic religiosity. Practitioners of virtuoso religiosity are those within a religion who want to go the extra mile. They want to create a zone of intensity within the field of holiness. They p(r-ceive themselves as different and, to some degree, as exemplars. Prospective virtuosi come together, says Wittberg, "in the expec-tation that their participation will help to maintain some collective good--the health and welfare of the destitute, or the conversion of heretics, or even the establishment of a utopia of saints on earth that can serve as a beacon to others.’’9 Christianity and other religions have always spawned such virtuosi. Luther dissolved the vows of the monks and declared everyone equal in the quest for holiness, but soon Protestantism was crowded with Pietists, Mennonites, and Anabaptists. Later it was the Shakers and today the Pentecostals. Recently, new virtu-osi groups have mushroomed Within Catholicism: the Legionaries of Christ, the Missionaries of Charity, the Lion ofJuda, Les Fr~res We must witness not only as individuals but as a collective unity. July-August 1996 DiIanni ¯ Religious Life de. St. Jean, the Opus Dei, the Neo-catechumenate, the Focolare, the Sant’ Egidio community of Rome, Comunione e liberazione, and so forth. All model themselves on the early Christian com-munity in Acts or the seventy disciples commissioned by Jesus (Lk 10), both of which seem to represent Christianity lived in its highest purity. Like the early Christians, these new groups believe that forming Christians is not easy, but requires being challenged to live one’s baptism
requires a formation process, a "way" (some form of RCI& program), a sustaining community, and a partici-pative liturgy. We must accept the fact that as religious we desire to be dif-ferent and follow Christ in a distinctive way. If we are to influence others, to witness as prophets, our commitment must be in some way public and Visible. If this is perceived as a higher way, so be it. Chalk it up to diversity. We cannot blur all distinctions out of a fear of elitism. All groups that aspire for something more are in danger of elitism and must be warned against it, but their enthu-siasm should not be crushed. Members of religious congregations purport to live their Christianity in a way that is differently orga-nized, more regulated, more intense, and at times more difficult than that of other Christians. They will have an impact on oth-ers to the degree that their sacrifice is real and their corporate witness is visible. Whether through all this they always succeed in becoming men and women of God is another question. The second direction: Effective religious community should be inten-tional as opposed to merely associational, and this demands a transcen-dent corporate goal and adequate commitment mechanisms. An intentional community is a community with a purpose for the sake of which members are willing to make significant sacri-fices of their individual preferences. Examples are sports teams and the military. An intentional community is different from an associational community, which admits a plurality of goals and calls for a lesser degree of sacrificing of individual preferences. Intentional communities have a strong sense of direction. This is due to at least two things: a transcendent corporate cause and a set of commitment mechanisms, that is, common sacrificial prac-tices that reinforce commitment at a level deeper than rational persuasion. We will consider these two elements in turn. A transcendent corporate goal: Discussing visibility, we have already dealt with the need for a goal, for being clear on where the Review for Religious group stands. Here I make the further point that the goal must be one that transcends the community itself. I say this because some authors seem to believe that the goal of a community can be inter-nal to ~the community itself. Edwin Keel and Susan Beaudry, for example, propose a third ruling metaphor for religious life, beyond those of the spouse of Christ and prophecy. For them, religious life is best presented under the image of a journey together toward God. They maintain that "what religious have been seeking, whether they realize it or not, and what religious community can offer, is neither surrogate family life, nor friendship, nor the intio macy~of small groupings, but faith companionship on the spiritual journey." 10 They describe the common spiritual journey in terms of a discovery of one’s personal vocation before God and an integra-tion of it with that of others. Spiritual maturity is achieved by getting in touch with what Jung calls the Self, which lies deeper than the ego and is the place where we truly meet God. The old perfection model of holiness with its rigid rules tended to flat-ten individual differences and to foster immaturity. The journey image with its new and democratic skills--province assemblies, mission statements, corporate reflection processes, confrontation techniques (all now permanent parts of religious life)--may seem messier, but is psychologically healthier. Community life is like a family going on a trip in a crowded van, constantly negotiating, sometimes bickering, always arriving, never reaching. Some of these spiritual-journey elements are valuable
but I wonder whether the journey can be the dominant metaphor of religious life. Does it not tempt us to remain in an associational model of community, which, to believe tl~e experts, does not endure beyond one generation?I’ Does it not come too close to what Gerald Arbuckle has called the "therapeutic" community? Can it generate the needed intensity and direction? For all the benefits of psychology, are not psychological self-absorption and an overly intense regard for the internal aspects of community part of the cause of our present decline? Wittberg says, "’The dominant language of religious life.., shifted from theological constructs to social and psychological paradigms,’ that were inad-equate to explain what was distinct or desirable about the lifestyle."~2 This has gone so far that in some congregations com-munity members who desire entry into a new local community must first present a written evaluation of themselves from the July-August 1996 Dilanni ¯ Religious Life community they are leaving. In other congregations the .concern for personal autonomy and consensus has at times resulted in the election of effete leaders at the local level. Is there nota middle ground between the not-in-touch-with-their-feelings religious of the past and some present-day religious who have become too self-involved as individuals or as community? In order to form an intentional community, people must come together for the sake of a cause that transcends both themselves and their experience of journeying together. A clearly articulated spiritual or apostolic vision and ideal must draw them on. Each member must partially relinquish his or her personal, vocation in favor of the vocation of the congregation. One’s personal project must be trimmed in favor of the community proiect, Older reli-gious tell stories of pioneer days in schools and hospitals when they roomed together in classrooms and toiled almost slave hours. They may stress the pain and suffering, but from the glee with which they tell the stoW we know they would not have exchanged it for the world. Their reward lies in having been part of some-thing greater thanthemselves, protagonists together in a great religious adventure. Commitment mechanis
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Issue of a furniture trade magazine published in Grand Rapids, Mich. It began publication in 1936.
OCTOBER • 1936 F. H. MUELLER . . . led the mountain to Mahomet. (See page 18) Two dollars a year 20 cents a copy Grand Rapids, M i c h i g a n ir^- '&»£? i f o r U n e t u r n i u t ' ^ ^ p r o CA=VEL new line of Ca-Vel Upholstery Fabrics, on the furniture you sell, presents new weaves, new textures and new colors that reduce "sales resistance" to a minimum! In addition, they help yOu trade up your customers. You get the better profits that result from the sale of quality items. Go into your regular selling season with a better styled more attractive line-well equipped to take advantage of the easier sales and better profit produced by furniture covered with these fabrics bearing the Ca-Vel label. COLLINS # AIKMAN CORPORATION 200 Madison Avenue, New York, N. V. Weavers of Ca=VeI Fabrics All Mohair Fabrics Guaranteed Against Moth Damage for 5 Years! . A •" '£ For the retailer with a discriminating clientele . . . for the merchant who desires INDIVIDUALISM in his offer-ings of upholstered furniture, MUELLER'S distinctive line of Eighteenth Century Adaptations offers an unparalleled oppor-tunity for new volume, better unit prices and substantial profits. There is a verve, an individualistic appeal in all of MUELLER'S upholstered pieces that sells itself. Quality of covers and excellence of construction are nationally famous. Prices are planned to fit into the price ranges that will insure steady sales and superlative profit on each piece. MUELLER FURNITURE CO. 600 Monroe Ave., Grand Rapids, Mich We appreciate mentioning you saw this m FINE FURNITURE FINE FURNITURE DEALER PROFIT BECAUSE. . . WOLVERINE PRODUCTS ARE STYLED RIGHT - PRICED RIGHT - AND BUILT RIGHT Dealers who invested in WOLVERINE UPHOLSTERY CO. line in the July market have reordered in an un-precedented manner. Our 18th Century and Modern pieces, both, are being received by the trade because they are right—in style, price and construc-tion. The No. 1282 chair, illustrated, is an example. Loose down pillow back and seat, with the latest fabric. And of generous proportions. It retails for $67.50. WOLVERINE UPHOLSTERY CO. GRAND RAPIDS MICHIGAN FlN€ FURNITUR€ the Homefurnishing Magazine from the Furniture Style Center of America VOLUME I 1936 NUMBER 6 GEORGE F. MACKENZIE. President PHIL S. JOHNSON, General Manager ROD G. MACKENZIE, E d i t o r K. C. CLAPP, Merchandising Counsel OCTOBER The Boiling Wake 4 Page Nine 9 Planning Christmas Promotions, by Ralph Spangler 12 Furniture Frolics, by Ray Barnes 14 Tuning in for Added Volume, by Rod Mackenzie 15 Historic Examples from the Metropolitan 17 Modern Crusade, by K. C. Clapp 18 Biographing Famous Furniture Firms 20 Direct-er Direct Mail, by Ruth Mclnerney 21 A Portfolio of 28 Floor Coverings and Fabric Displays . . 23 The Sketch Book, by Charles Witman 28 Retailing Tips 30 Market Centers of the West 32 Chet Shafer on a Shinglin' Bee 34 Cash for Credit Sales, by Murray French 35 This 5-Way Plan Trades Up Range Sales 39 Humble Kitchen Slaves Become Transformed Cinderellas 40 Is OUR Face Red 43 Homefurnishing News and Reviews 46 New Stores 50 Published monthly by the Furniture Capital Publishing Co., 155 Ottawa Ave., N. W., Grand Rapids, Mich. Acceptance under the Act of June 5, 1934, authorized April 30, 1936. FINE FURNI-TURE copyright, 1936. Eastern office: S4S Fifth Ave., New York City, phone Murray Hill 23909, S. M. Goldberg, representative. Chicago office: 307 N. Michigan Ave., phone CENtral 0937-8, Bassler & Weed Co., representatives. Subscription rates: $2 per year in the United States and American Colonies; $3 in Canada and foreign countries; single copies, 20 cents. l o r OCTOBER, 1936 Federal AMERICAN An Ensemble to Capture and Hold the Interest of Those Who Appreciate True Traditional in Furniture Design 27 Pieces 5 Different Tables 5 Sideboards 3 China Cabinets 4 Chair Designs Other Supplementary Pieces L r 4 ^ p y ^ ^ 1 1 ^ ^ ^ ••> ;• v- . .. • = ' •-•<;,• ••?.: • • • -c ' - • • — -•••' • - • - • • * _ • - - • i4 MADE of all Cuban Mahogany, the finest of cabinet woods. Styled in the most romantic period of the romantic South — this group recaptures the gracious charm of Virginia Manor Houses of the days preceding and just after the Federation of the American Colonies. Aristocratic Furniture Priced for Democracy And so easy for your customers to acquire! One or two pieces at a time, the customer can enjoy the true collector's thrill, assembling the perfect dining room, at her convenience, over a period of time until she has acquired the harmonious whole. Based on the historic past, this ensemble is destined to make future home furnishing history. TRUE GRAND RAPIDS IMTMUUNO A2I048 Furniture you will be proud to sell — your customers will be proud to own. Many other Dining Room and Bed-room groups in a great variety of woods and finishes, as low in price as any dealer dare sell who ex-pects today's sales to build to-morrow's reputation for depend-able furniture and honest values. G R A N D RAPIDS CHAIR C O M P A N Y We appreciate mentioning you saw this in FINE FURNITURE FINE FURNITURE THE BOILING WAKE Aldy Submits 100-Proof Sirs: You fellows are certainly going to town with your FIXE FURNITURE. You've left out the dry drivel that no one ever reads anyway, and filled it full of the live news, timely tips and actually useable infor-mation that any live furniture store can cash in on. It's a teeming textbook, not a pompous "puff-sheet." I hope more and more furniture stores see more of it. Incidentally . . . Early Americana isn't the only thing I collect. I submit a photo (see illustration) of a corner of my base-ment gameroom as proof . . . about 100- proof, I'd say. M. C. A., Hartford, Conn. Those Factory Waiting Rooms Sirs: Amen to the brother-buyer's indict-ment of furniture factory waiting rooms, used as an editorial on your September Page Nine. Of all the depressing, unattractive lobbies m which I ever cooled my heels, those in furniture factories are the saddest. L. L. M., Cincinnati, Sirs: Reading your September issue . . . I came upon an editorial maligning manu-facturers for failing to provide attractive waiting rooms. . . . In defense, I want to ask what need is there to maintain ebb-orate waiting rooms? It is seldom that our trade visits the factory, except those plants that have factory showrooms, and I venture to assert most of these are sightly enough for anyone. . . . Dolling up ,of waiting rooms would entail just an added item of expense and overhead that the buyer is anxious enough to avoid in his purchase of furni-ture. Incidentally, I've seen some mighty dowdy executives' offices m stores . . . and they're constantly being seen by the gen-eral public. S. R. M., Grand Rapids. The Suppressed Ad Man Sirs: Many thanks for your editorial support of the abused advertising manager as contained in the article on page 31 of your September issue. Your paragraph, "If your ad man is something besides a yes-man and an office boy, has ideas of his own, give him leeway to put some of them across," certainly hits the nail on the head. 1 want to tell you that it is becoming in-creasingly difficult for the advertising man-ager in the average store — at least the "borax" store — to be anything but a rub-ber stamp for the boss who usually can think of nothing but screaming ''Lower Prices" in his newspaper publicity. Any originality — any idea of making people desire the comfort and beauty of fine fur-niture— is frowned on and stepped on imme-diately. More power to you, too, in your effort to get merchants to use direct mail. Now is the time for it. E. W., Flint, Mich. How Century Has Grown! Sirs: Calling your attention to an error in the sketch of Aldrich on page 26 of your September issue. You describe the Century Associates as being "a syndicate of better Eastern stores." As a matter of fact, sev-eral stores on the west coast are members of the Century group, to say nothing of others in the Middle West. However, that's picking flaws in diamonds, for both Aid-rich's article about direct mail and the amusing outline of his career were sparkling. Congrats on a swell issue! R. D. M., Washington, D. C. When Glamour Goes Borax Sirs: Mclnerney's plea to glamourize furniture products by endowing them with names is great, and I do think both manu-facturers and retailers are tending this way more and more. However. I trust it does Morgan Aldrich says that Early Amer-icana isn't the only thing he collects and submits this corner of his game-room as proof—about 100% proof—he claims. not get to the point where the borax houses go in for it extensively. Imagine a mam-floor display flashing cards like these: On a coffee table, "Boxwood Beauty;" on a bedroom suite, "Ninety-day Wonder;" on an upholstered chair, "Fanny-Be-Careful." G. E. S., Chicago. So Would a Lot of Others! Sirs: Aside from the fact that Kellar Stem is NOT the president of the G. R. Bookcase & Chair, that his son IS, 1 enjoyed immensely the sketch of him in September FF. Incidentally, do you have Miss Sea-gren's exact address? I'd like to get in touch with her. M. R., Chicago. He'll Take a Fin's Worth Sirs: The next time you run an ad ask-ing for subscribers, why don't you include in it some idea of how much the maga-zine is? Anyhow, here's five bucks. Just keep on sending it to me until the five bucks runs out. Then we shall see. You have a mighty swell publication. N. R.. Detroit. Shafer Has a Reader Dear Mr. Shafer: I feel somewhat acquainted with you altho I have never seen you, but I am a regular reader of the FIXE FURNITURE magazine and so I see your name often. Paul was up to our Lion meeting the other nite and said he thot perhaps we could get you to come over to visit him some time and he would bring you on over for our meeting and give us a talk on organ pumping or some other suit-able subject. We are going to have our ladies nite October 20, Tuesday ev., at 6:30 and we would very much appreciate it if you would be here on that evening. Altho I think Paul is all set now for Congress, still I don't think one more appearance here will do him any harm. I would be glad if you would let me know if this can be arranged as early as possible. Yours from cornish to cornish, V. J., Bellevue, Mich. A Thanks Sirs: We wish to thank you for the very fine issues of FINE FURNITURE that are mailed to our studios. I know that we find many things of interest in them. C. S. C, Grand Rapids. A Tuesday, For Sure! Sirs: Just when, in your opinion, will Shafer really get down to Roody's? T. T. W., San Jose, Cal. Advertising Budgets Sirs: I was interested in the table on page 34 outlining suggested advertising budget percentages and dollars. How much w*ould you advise for a store that is doing, or plans to do, around $20,000 a year? (A) For newspaper, (B) Direct mail? F. L., Cincinnati. For total advertising, $1350 to $1500; newspapers, $950 to $1200; direct mail, $275 to $325. We Agree Sirs: Your editorial in the September issue entitled. "Shabby Stores," was okay. It always gives me a laugh to see some merchant shout through his ads, "Dress Up Your Home," and then walk into his store on worn, squeaky floors, rub against dirty walls and be unable to see the grain in the top of the table he's showing you because the lights are so covered with dust. It "ain't" consistent. C. C, Milwaukee. 1 See Page 28 Sirs: In your June issue you had a draw-ing of a secretary by Henry Koster. I have a customer who is very anxious to secure a piece similar to this one. Will } ou p'ease advise me where I can obtain this piece. M. S. O., Boston. Originally "The Sketch Book" was insti-tuted as a means of illustrating methods employed by furniture designers in develop-ing ideas and turning them into commercial pieces. The drawings were to be original, never having been produced by a manufac-turer. However, two—the metal chair b ' Salvatorc Beve'.acqua, shown in August and this month's contribution by Charles Wit-man— became exceptions through being pro-duced by furniture makers. Many other re-quests have been received for "Sketch Book' pieces and we regret our inability to aid in supplying them, but admit pleasure for the interest in our contributors' work. f o r OCTOBER, 1936 ' / •'" i* • " ' ! BRISK BUSINESS IN COLONIAL REPRODUCTIONS Colonial's authentic historical reproductions in finest Honduras Mahogany are capturing a broad and profitable market, as are the new Colonial dining and bedroom group-ings. The reproductions, many of which are certified replicas of treasured originals in Edison Institute, Dearborn, Mich., and re-produced by special permission, will be nationally advertised this fall and winter. There are New PROFIT POSSIBILITIES In the Rising Tide of HALL CLOCK POPULARITY With liveable homes first on the post-depression programs of most American families, interest in Colonial Hall Clocks has shown a marked and gratifying upsurge. More Colonial Hall Clocks are being sold today than for several seasons past. People accept these peerless time-keepers, not merely for their utilitarian values but as unique and fitting symbols of enduring home life. Colonial stands ready to help alert dealers turn the hall clock trend into profits. As the world's largest manufacturers of hall clocks we have a style for every preference and a price for every purse. Write for ^Descriptive literature COLONIAL MANUFACTURING COMPANY Z E E L A N D • M I C H I G A N We appreciate mentioning you saw this in FINE FURNITURE FINE FURNITURE There comes a Tide . . . . in the affairs of men" ^ AND MERCHANTS To continue paraphrasing Shakespeare . . . " which, taken at its flood, leads on to fortune" . . . Most merchants do realize that the tide has turned . . . Public demand for shoddy upholstery is at the ebb . . . Oh, people still want values — certainly! VALUES, though, not cheap bargains. Fortunate, indeed, is the retailer who has discerned the consumer's desire to buy better furniture . . . who can offer her the very best at moderate prices. RALPH MORSE upholstered pieces definitely meet that trend. They are smartly styled, construction is of the sturdiest, and they are the acme of comfort. Pictured above is one of the MORSE MASTERPIECES, a neiv selection of which tvill be available at the November market. RALPH MORSE FURNITURE CO. GRAND RAPIDS MICHIGAN We appreciate mentioning you saw this in FINE FURNITURE for OCTOBER. 1936 is Character Furniture , ",.. -M »-*r.*" ~ ':. KEELER BLDG. GRAND RAPIDS %khly Appealing TO THOSE OF CULTIVATED TASTE AND AMPLE MEANS A representative collection of historic Carved Oak will attract the patronage of the most desirable furniture buyers in your community. Families who seek permanent enrichments for their homes, who prize the cultural values inherent in fine craftsmanship of authentic background, have a natural preference for Carved Oak. "The Oak Room" is your sales opportunity. With incomes up, many families are for the first time in the Carved Oak bracket. They will respond to your suggestion that every home should have, for charm and variety, an "Oak Room". A serious approach to the Carved Oak market will reward you handsomely in the months just ahead. See us at the November Market in Grand Rapids, where we shall make notable additions to our hundreds of distinguished pieces for the living room, din-ing room, bedroom, hall, study, office, studio and club. NO RETAIL STOCK COMPLETE WITHOUT Cattoeb GRAND RAPIDS BOOKCASE & CHAIR COMPANY Carved Oak Specialists HASTINGS, MICHIGAN IVe appreciate mentioning you saw this in FINE FURNITURE FINE FURNITURE 26, 1936 Accountants Report 96 Per Cent Increase in July Over Year Ago. Grand Rapids furniture industry showed an increase of 96 per cent in orders taken in July compared with 30 per cent a year ago, ac-cording to Seidman & Seidman, ac-countants. Shipments were 65 per cant better. For the seven-month period ship-ments showed a gain, of 62 per cent compared with the corresponding period of 1935. f of h o f, f •> I r 1 n i d p t Increase in orders-JULY GRAND RAPIDS-96; FURNITURE INDUSTRY-52% These figures, recently released by Seidman & Seidman, certified public accountants, supply impressive evidence of the outstand-ing leadership of the Grand Rapids Furniture Market. A constantly growing number of progressive furniture and department stores find at the Grand Rapids Market, the furniture that meets their requirements exactly and profit-ably . . . furniture that sets the standards in quality and saleability . . . that definitely leads in styling and craftsmanship . . . and that is priced to attract both class and mass markets. The next mid-season Grand Rapids Market (November 5 to 13, inclusive) promises to be the most important since 1929. Come to this market for the "best buys" in furniture, whether it be for promotional volume, or exclusive trade. It will pay you handsomely. GRAND RAPIDS FURNITURE EXPOSITION ASSOCIATION fo t M8W We appreciate mentioning you saw this in FINE FURNF l o r O C T O B E R , 1936 NINE Though other pages bare the minds Of many men, the credit or The blame I'll bear for what one finds On this, Page Nine.—The Editor. OCTOBER ODYSSEY More than superficial significance has the October Odyssey of some dozen prominent furniture manufacturers to the retail battlefront in the Southwest. Primarily a Guild project, this excursion from Grand Rapids perhaps signalized the beginning of a better era in manufacturer-merchant relation-ship. Certain it is that consumers were flattered to meet actually the men behind the products they buy. This in it-self was confidence-inspiring . . . and confidence in the integrity of furniture products has been sadly lacking for many, many years. Further, it is entirely possible that the junketing manufacturers themselves may have learned some-thing from this sojourn . . . something of the retailer's prob-lems . . . something of the buying public's point of view . . . something that will enable them to vision the progress of their product beyond the factory loading platform . . . something of what it takes to accomplish the last and most important steps in distribution. Desirable indeed is a general firming of relationship between factory and store. We hope it's a trend that will grow and multiply throughout the industry. fi-r s 40% ENOUGH? With furrowed brow and weary eyes we have been follow-ing for some months the terrific controversy waged in the blinding 8-point of a pulp-paper trade weekly as to whether manufacturers of major appliances should allow department stores more than a 40% discount from list, and as to why the drygoods boys can't make a profit on that spread. The answer is so obvious and simple as to be almost ridiculous. The truth of the matter is that department stores really don't WANT more than 407o, because they persist in not taking it when they get it, cutting even that margin when they habitually and constantly resort to markdowns. One of the chief causes contributing to such excessive markdowns is that too many competing lines are carried by one store, defeating desirable concentration of sales effort and energy on one or two lines. In fact, the whole selling phychology of the department store is keyed to the rapid promotion of small, fast-turnover items rather than to large, long-life items requiring real sales-manship and steady, long-haul merchandising ability. ff I. E. S. For awhile there, we were becoming almost convinced that the I. E. S. lamp movement besides being undoubtedly the salvation of the home-furnishing industry, would be instru-mental in curing hemerrhoids, flat feet, rickets and the blind staggers. Enthusiastic proponents of scientific lighting were all agog over the many ills and ailments caused by poor illumination, and they laid it rather thick on the poor public and the slightly bewildered dealer. But the I. E. S. drive, after the first rush of effervescent ballyhoo and the inevitable reactionary lull, has now hit an even keel. Properly promoted, it can help sell plenty of lamps for furniture stores. The kick has been that utility companies have seemed to hog the show, but in reality most of them are eager and willing to perform the educational work and give actual sales of merchandise to stores. They're try-ing to build load rather than sell lamps. ff If you'll have a friendly talk with your local utility manager, chances are he'll work with instead of against you. ff DRAPERY DEFICIENCIES Stores with drapery departments may be interested in the results of a study by the New York American among house-wives. Meat of the information elicited was that stores fail to fulfill their function in these respects. Drapery displays are found by the majority of women to be unsatisfactory and inadequate; women are almost unanimous in their belief that stores are not willing to offer suggestions and advice on use and types of draperies and curtains in their homes; housewives would welcome with open arms lectures or talks on window-treatments by qualified members of stores' dec-orating staffs—a type of educational promotion generally neglected. How does YOUR store measure up in its merchandising of window fabrics? ff TRAILER THREAT Should the furniture industry "view with alarm" America's present propensity to establish homes on wheels? Just how permanent is this trailer-craze going to be, and how will it affect the manufacturing and retailing of household furni-ture? Without a doubt, the effect on sales of household goods will parallel the effect on stabilized home life. If we are to become a race of motorized nomads, then the tra-dition that is the raison d'etre for much of our present homefurnishings will be gradually lost. However, it is dif-ficult to conceive that the foundation of the American Home is threatened, as alluring as the call of the road may be-come. Trailer-living will pall as it becomes common. Never-theless, it will grow within the next few years to the extent that an industrial back-to-the-home campaign may be found necessary. Further, it is almost sure to have an effect on home architecture and the design of household furniture. ff . . . And 1 says, "Yeh, Mabel, I know childbirth is terrible but did you ever have barber's itch?" 10 FINE FURNITURE It's the F I N I SH that Counts . . . AND ON FURNITURE •*•*?. IN RACING... The THOROUGHBRED always wins. Cabinets and case goods may be well constructed and may utilize the most costly of woods, but if the finish is faulty, they fall short of meeting the exacting demands of both merchant and consumer. Use of GRAND RAPIDS VARNISH CORPOR-ATION products always insures the most satis-factory results for any type of furniture wood finishing. And here is a THOROUGH-BRED — faultlessly styled, artistically designed, correctly priced, with a beautiful FINISH —a sure WINNER! GRAND RAPIDS VARNISH CORPORATION Manufacturers of Fine Quality Varnishes — Lacquers — Stains — GRAND RAPIDS, MICHIGAN We appreciate mentioning you saw this in FIXE FURNITCRV; Enamels I m\ FINE ARTS BUILDING Newest and Most Modern Exhibition Building in Grand Rapids Y E A R ' R O U N D E X P O S I T I O N S DAY o r N I G H T Your product shown in the F I N E A R T S B U I L D I N G , Grand Rapids, is on display in a "hotel" for merchandise. Coustructed for furniture display, it is the only building in Grand Rapids devoted exclusively to furniture exhibits. Floor arrangement, lighting, ventilation and the highest type of general service is conducted in the interest of the furniture and house-furnishing exhibitors. The FINE ARTS BUILDING is in step with Three-quarters of a Century of Progress of the Grand Rapids Exposition. FINE ARTS CORPORATION operating FINE ARTS and PANTUND EXHIBITION BUILDINGS We appreciate mentioning you saio this in FINE FURNITURE 12 FINE FURNITURE aut/ior/ WANTED — Young man to learn advertising work in retail store. ABOUT twenty years ago, MX. Ralph Spangler came across this blind ad in an Oklahoma City newspaper, answered it, then forgot about it momentarily. The next day he got a phone call. A voice at the other end of the line said, "Mr. Spangler, can you come over to the Harbour- Longmire store for an inter-view?" "What do you want to see me about?" asked Spangler, puzzled. "You answered our ad for a man to learn the advertising work, didn't you?" And the voice identified itself as belonging to J. F. Harbour. "And that," says Spangler, "was the first time I ever had even a remote idea of getting into the furniture business. I re-member vividly the succeeding few months when I became inti-mately acquainted with three-piece mahogany-and-cane living room suites — with lamp shades that were flat and heavily fringed." Previous to his furniture adver-tising career, Spangler had taught school, done accounting and con-tract work for a telephone com-pany and later for the Oklahoma National Stockyards Co. During the period, 1917 to 1924, Ralph was associated stead-ily with Harbour-Longmire ex-cept for a few months in service. From 1924 to 1926 he was adver-tising manager for Genet's of Tulsa, then for A. Leath & Ce. Planning CHRISTMAS PROMOTIONS by RALPH SPANGLER Advertising Manager, Harbour-Longmire's, Oklahoma City, Okla. / CHRISTMAS is a unique sea- V_/ son. People then will buy in large quantities, without cut prices. For most good stores, it is one of the best selling seasons in the year. You need not promote the cheap-est things made. Rather the biggest profit comes from promoting the best, the most fashionable, the most interesting things you can get, to be offered at your best selling prices! Which may be several notches above the cheapest things made! First Step • The first step in plan-ning your Christmas promotions should have been completed months ago. If not, better do it late than never. Get out your sales figures for last Christmas season. In our store, this season begins long before Decem-ber. Last year we had sold a car-load of wheel toys by the first of October (lay-aways for Christmas). Analyze your sales of each im-portant item. If you don't already know, discover at which prices you can get the most sales of this item . . . and (2) the prices at which 81 I I I I i l l I I I I I I 1 1 I W i l l In 1928 he returned to Genet's where he remained for two years, organizing in 1930 a private ad-vertising and sales promotion agency that did work for I. H. Moore Co., Crusader Syndicate, Dickinson-Goodman Furniture Co. and others. The agency was discontinued in 1933 and Spangler spent nine months with the Har-bour Furniture Co. in Muskogee, Okla. He then went with the Genet-Rhodes Furniture Co. in Tulsa, remaining until 1935, finally returning to his first and present affiliation—the Harbour- Longmire Co., Oklahoma City. Spangler was born in Rock-ville, Ind., 44 years ago come June 28. He attended college at the University of Oklahoma where he sang in the glee club and played a great deal of ten-nis. His favorite sport is still tennis, although he now plays you can get the most sales volume. Get individual figures on chairs, lamps, cedar chests, rugs . . . on each item which gave you any con-siderable volume last year. If you did not do this in your buying, decide the definite factory numbers of each type of an article which will represent your BEST SELLING PRICE for getting the most sales. These best selling prices will dif-fer widely in different stores — as will best selling styles, and the best selling articles themselves. The important thing is for you to have in black and white on paper —not hazily in the back of your head—a definite list of the exact numbers from your stock—which you can expect to attract the most Christmas business to your store. This merchandise is your ammu-nition for the campaign ahead. Strategy • Now for your campaign strategy. Remember that Christmas season is different from any selling season in the year. The tightest purse is a little easier opened. considerable golf and likes to swim. There isn't anything that Ralph would rather do than to be ac-tive in the furniture business, and he looks forward to the day when he might have a good store of his own, or an important inter-est in one. He believes that the retailing of furniture is highly important in the development of our modern civilization. "Our whole prosperity and progress as a nation," he says, "is largely dependent upon how the women of today — and the girls who will be the women of tomorrow—are educated to want better homes. And we can't leave so important a job entirely to the other fellow. Magazines, movies, schools are accomplishing much in this respect, but it is up to us to be of immediate, direct and intelligent help." f o r O C T O B E R , 1936 13 , i : "•- . - . ••••* i : * Where is the person who does not spend more for gifts than he plans? It follows that your attack should be different. Start with your main floor—and your windows. Make them so dif-ferent that when your "regulars" enter your door they will stop and wonder if they are in your store or in a Christmas fairyland! There are innumerable ways to get Christmas atmosphere. To attempt to list even those most commonly used would require an-other article. Make Christmas dec-orations as striking as your budget will permit. No store is too small to spend some money for this pur-pose. Force every person who enters your store to be very conscious of the approach of Christmas. Here is just one rule: YOUR DISPLAYS CAN BE NO MORE EFFECTIVE THAN THEIR BACKGROUNDS! Use the walls of your store . . . the pillars through the floors, the temporary dividers you erect. Make them radiate a Christmas atmosphere in keeping with the merchandise you will fea-ture. Timing • In December, time takes a double importance. When there are twice as many customers in the store as you have salespeople to wait on them, every minute counts. Plan the placing of traffic items where a minimum of time is needed to complete the transaction. Our store is virtually a big de-partment store for the home. We do a volume which permits us to assign salespeople to particular types of merchandise. We may have four or five girls who will give their entire time to our doll shop. Others sell only small electrical appliances. If your store is one where the same staff sells anything and every-thing, time is even more important. While you are selling a dollar item, the customer wanting to spend $100 may walk out. Have your small gift articles grouped . . . and displayed at the most convenient points possible. Main Floor • If your store build-ing permits, plan to change your first floor more than once during December. Divide your campaign into weeks. Pick the three or four types of items that give you the most vol-ume. Concentrate on them. A Christmas sale of chairs may justify so impressive and dramatic a dis-play near your main entrance that customers will think they are enter-ing a chair store! Because our elevators cannot handle the peak crowds attracted by our toy department, we are forced to keep toys on the first floor up to Christmas Eve. You may not be able to completely change your entire first floor each week, but do all you can to drama-tize your selling; eiforts. Related Items • There is a ques-tion whether to display related articles together. The old theory was to place small tables and lamps with lounge chairs. Our experience is to the contrary. We may "spotlight" a featured chair on a small stage and with it show a table, lamp, ash tray, book, house slippers, etc. And then group the other colors and covers avail-able around it. But we find that we sell more in less time and with less effort in that season of the year if we show items of a type together. An important exception is the ensemble where several items are offered in a group at one price. Schedules • Now we are ready to plan advertising schedules. You must be your own judge whether to advertise one type of an article at a time or to mention a wide variety. WThatever you do, do not over-look the fact that your public zvill not consider a sales offering more important than you do. So add all the importance to each presentation you can. It helps sales. And whether you feature one item at a time or try to include as great a variety as you can, build your advertising program about your best selling prices . . . the prices which you have evidence to show will get you the greatest num-ber of sales. Educate your sales-people whenever possible to sell prospects something better than they plan to buy. You can help "sell-up" by arrang-ing effective displays of your "step-ups" beside your featured items. In making the analysis stressed as the fi
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Library and Museum Collections
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Please browse the more than 8000 knit- and crochet-related treasures in the CKC Collections Resource <a href="http://digital.centerforknitandcrochet.org/collections/show/1">Museum and Library Collections</a> (drawn from <a href="https://dp.la/info/developers/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Digital Public Library of America</a>). CKC is seeking new partner organizations to share their collections of knitting and crochet with visitors to this resource. Contact us at <a href="mailto:collections@centerforknitandcrochet.org">collections@centerforknitandcrochet.org</a> for more information about participating. <br /><br /><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/11Hb_Y75HnhkCE5i4mKpcTlB8Msp_lB0XUtQr5S8XXKA/edit?usp=sharing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Learn more about criteria for Share Your Treasures.</a>
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linkto:001:http://cdm17228.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/ohc/id/579
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Library and Museum Collections
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An account of the resource
Please browse the more than 8000 knit- and crochet-related treasures in the CKC Collections Resource <a href="http://digital.centerforknitandcrochet.org/collections/show/1">Museum and Library Collections</a> (drawn from <a href="https://dp.la/info/developers/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Digital Public Library of America</a>). CKC is seeking new partner organizations to share their collections of knitting and crochet with visitors to this resource. Contact us at <a href="mailto:collections@centerforknitandcrochet.org">collections@centerforknitandcrochet.org</a> for more information about participating. <br /><br /><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/11Hb_Y75HnhkCE5i4mKpcTlB8Msp_lB0XUtQr5S8XXKA/edit?usp=sharing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Learn more about criteria for Share Your Treasures.</a>
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linkto:001:http://cdm17228.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/ohc/id/595
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Title
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Library and Museum Collections
Description
An account of the resource
Please browse the more than 8000 knit- and crochet-related treasures in the CKC Collections Resource <a href="http://digital.centerforknitandcrochet.org/collections/show/1">Museum and Library Collections</a> (drawn from <a href="https://dp.la/info/developers/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Digital Public Library of America</a>). CKC is seeking new partner organizations to share their collections of knitting and crochet with visitors to this resource. Contact us at <a href="mailto:collections@centerforknitandcrochet.org">collections@centerforknitandcrochet.org</a> for more information about participating. <br /><br /><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/11Hb_Y75HnhkCE5i4mKpcTlB8Msp_lB0XUtQr5S8XXKA/edit?usp=sharing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Learn more about criteria for Share Your Treasures.</a>
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linkto:001:http://album.atlantahistorycenter.com/cdm/ref/collection/VHPohr/id/261
thumb:001:https://dlg.galileo.usg.edu/do-th:geh_vhpohr_261
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In this interview, Frances McKibben recalls her family's history in Atlanta, her childhood, and her memories of World War II. She describes her neighborhood, Grove Park, and the two cemeteries where all her family members are buried: Hollywood Cemetery and the Coursey Family Cemetery. She recalls the effects of the Great Depression. She discusses family and cultural traditions, such as quilting bees and sitting up with the dead. She describes hearing about the bombing of Pearl Harbor and the effects it had on the community. She describes hearing about the landings at Normandy, the death of President Roosevelt, and the atomic bomb. She remembers her education and career. She describes many significant events in Atlanta history, such as the premiere of Gone With the Wind, the Winecoff Hotel fire, Dr. Martin Luther King Jr.'s funeral, the "Three Governors" controversy, and the Temple bombing.
Frances Ann Jennings McKibben grew up in Atlanta during World War II.
LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: My name is Lillian Gantsoudes. I am on staff at the Atlanta History Center. Today is Thursday, October the 30th, 2003. We are doing a veterans history project interview with a civilian, Frances Ann McKibbon. Frances, would you repeat your name and give me your birth date and place. FRANCES MCKIBBON: I'm Frances McKibbon. I was born at Georgia Baptist Hospital in Atlanta on August the 20th, 1926. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: August of '26? All right, thank you. Were you raised in Atlanta? FRANCES MCKIBBON: Yes, I'm the fifth generation who has lived in Atlanta. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Tell me something about your ancestors. Who first came to Atlanta? FRANCES MCKIBBON: My grandmother's great, great, great, great uncles came down in the land grant after the Cherokee Indians were driven out, and staked out a good bit of land over in what is now known as Martin Luther King Drive in that area. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Do you know their names? FRANCES MCKIBBON: Do I know my ancestor's names? Most of them, yes. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: What were their names? FRANCES MCKIBBON: Coursey was their last name. My great, great grandfather was named Roy, and his son was named Roy Samuel. My great, great grandmother was named Mary, and her daughter was named Elizah. My grandmother was the only daughter of nine children. She had eight brothers – LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: What was her name? FRANCES MCKIBBON: Coursey, and she married my grandfather – LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: [unintelligible] FRANCES MCKIBBON: Nellie Elizabeth Coursey. And she married my grandfather when she was 21 years old, and his name was Walter Theopolis Speer. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: And where was he from? FRANCES MCKIBBON: He came from Alabama by way of Lafayette. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: [unintelligible] FRANCES MCKIBBON: Yes, they were married in Atlanta. He came to live with his aunt in Atlanta at that time, and I don't remember what her name was. But strangely enough I found out that they're all – I knew my grandmother and grandfather were buried at Hollywood Cemetery, but also all of my grandfather's people are buried at Hollywood. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: [unintelligible] someone says I wonder where Hollywood Cemetery is. Tell us where that is. FRANCES MCKIBBON: You know, I can take you, but I can't tell you. It's over around where Perry Homes area – if you know where Perry Homes is, it's in that general area. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Southwest or southeast of there? FRANCES MCKIBBON: It would be northeast. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Northeast. FRANCES MCKIBBON: Northeast. And they were buried there, and as I said, I did not know his people were buried there also. My grandmother's people are buried in the old Coursey Cemetery off of North Avenue and Simpson Road. And that cemetery is still kept by members of the family so that we can go out there if we are brave enough to do so. But my grandmother and grandfather had four children, three girls and a boy that lived – she delivered three children who were stillborn. And I grew up in Grove Park where my mother grew up where my grandmother and grandfather had settled. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: And where is Grove Park? FRANCES MCKIBBON: Grove Park is on Bankhead Avenue going out toward Hollywood Road. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Okay. FRANCES MCKIBBON: And it was founded by Dr. Grove, who wanted people to set up just a regular neighborhood and it was a most marvelous place in the world to grow up. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Tell me why. FRANCES MCKIBBON: Everybody knew everybody else and they looked over – well, all the adults looked after all the children. And you could walk to school and if something happened in the school – Lena Cox was the elementary school that I went to, and I went to West Fulton High School, and then from there I went to LaGrange College. But it was just a wonderful experience growing up sitting out on the curb at night and listening to people talk back and forth across the street. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: [unintelligible] FRANCES MCKIBBON: The house that I grew up in had – and I have to stop and think – eight rooms, and it was what they call a shot gun house because it had a hall going straight down the middle and all the rooms went off from the hall. And my father died when I was two years old, so I don't remember too much about that, but my mother and I went back to live with my grand parents, and I lived with my grandmother until I got married – LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: So when you were born were your parents living in this Grove Park area? FRANCES MCKIBBON: Yes, they were. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Then when you moved in with your grandmother – FRANCES MCKIBBON: It was still in Grove Park, yes. Daddy died of a massive heart attack and so I unfortunately one of the ones that has inherited all the bad things on both sides of the family. But my Uncle Frank was a football player at Georgia Tech and he went to the Rose Bowl twice and he was supposed to go the third time – LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: And what was his name? FRANCES MCKIBBON: Frank Speer. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Frank Speer? FRANCES MCKIBBON: Uh-huh. And the third time they found out he was married and they wouldn't let him go. He had gotten married secretly and my mother and grandmother and grandfather didn't know this, and they were very upset that he was not allowed to go. But anyway, it was just a wonderful atmosphere to grow up. All the teachers knew you. Everybody in the neighborhood knew you. The church that we attended is the one that my grandmother and her brothers founded. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Name of the church? FRANCES MCKIBBON: Bethany Methodist Church on Elizabeth Place. And it burned in 1936 I think – '36 or '37. And they had fish fries, carry out dinners, ice cream socials, anything that they could to raise money, and they rebuilt the church, because at that time so many people had gone through the Depression and there just wasn't any money. My grandfather lost his business in the Depression. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: What business was it? FRANCES MCKIBBON: He was in what they call the radiator business. He serviced air planes and huge Mack trucks, and he had a good business and made a good living, but it just – everything vanished, and as a result of that my grandmother said when he lost his business it killed him, because he only lived three years after the Depression after he lost his business. He died in 1936, and I don't remember too much about that; I was only ten years old, but I remember – and this was done all the time at that age – they brought the caskets home and they left them in the living room and someone would sit – not necessarily someone in the family, but someone would sit up all night with them until the next morning and then somebody would change and then they would have the funeral and that would be it. But I remember so well seeing that casket and hanging back because I didn't want to go in. And luckily they did not force me to go in. So many of them were forced to go in and kiss the dead one, and I would have died, but my mother had said if you don't want you don't have to, and I didn't. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Do you remember other of the sort of mourning customs? FRANCES MCKIBBON: Yes. The women wore black, not just to the funeral, but my mother wore black for a year. In the summertime she wore white, but in the winter time she wore all black. My grandmother wore black almost the rest of her life after that and particularly after my uncle died. She just said that she had lost both of the men in her family and she didn't like it. But they wore – she wore black. And everybody brought food in. I remember that so well because the tables in the dining room and in the kitchen were just loaded with food and people would come and sit with my grandmother and talk to her. And they did to my mother and her sisters and their brother. The thing that I remember most of all was momma woke my mother up and said something is wrong with poppa, and mother and Frances, my youngest aunt, got up out of the bed, and of course I got up; I had not known what was going on, and there was a doctor who lived in the park area, and we went out the door running up Eleanor place hollering “Dr. Charles! Dr. Charles, please come help; poppa is dying!” Well, that was what my mother was saying. And then of course my grandmother had called my uncle and he came up immediately. And what really – that running up the street calling for Dr. Charles and also my uncle coming in and I was standing in the door way of my grandmother's bedroom and Dr. Charles had already been there and pronounced him dead and we were just waiting for the funeral home, and he had pulled the sheet over my grandfather's face, and my uncle went in and took the sheet off his face and then just stood there and cried because – this was so unexpected. We didn't expect poppa to die, because he, too, like my father died with a massive heart attack. So when I go to doctor's today and they say “What is your family medical history?” I say heart attacks on both sides. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: My family is the same way. FRANCES MCKIBBON: Oh, is it? LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Yeah. I know what you mean. FRANCES MCKIBBON: But it was a wonderful neighborhood to grow up in. You knew everybody; everybody knew you. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: You said that you would sit at nights or talk up and down – FRANCES MCKIBBON: And the children would play. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: What games would the children play? FRANCES MCKIBBON: Hop scotch, hide and go seek, catching lightening bugs particularly. Let me see, what else did we play? Good gracious, I can't remember that far back what we did play. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: It's all right. FRANCES MCKIBBON: You just grew up knowing everybody and everybody knowing you, and my grandmother had a quilting bee that she went to every Wednesday morning and stayed until usually three o'clock when we would come home from school, and she would go down to my cousin, Etta's, house, Etta Hubbard, and we were also told to come home to cousin Etta's. Don't go to the house, come home there, and you would walk in and I have never seen as much food for six ladies in my life. But they would have this table in cousin Etta's dining room, and they had put cheese cloth over it, and it was every kind of food you can imagine on that table and they would just – LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: How often did they meet? FRANCES MCKIBBON: Once a week. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Once a week. FRANCES MCKIBBON: Once a week. And I had two quilts that my grandmother did, and my cousin talked me out of them, and I will never forgive him for that. But he has them and they're well taken care of so it doesn't really matter. But it was just a wonderful time to grow up. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: What about moving into the high school years? Were you still living in your grandmother's house? FRANCES MCKIBBON: No. Mother sold the house because it needed a lot of repair and she said it wasn't worth it. It was an old house as it was because poppa had built it when he and my grandmother married so it was only 50 years old. And she built a house on Elizabeth Place. She worked for Atlanta Flooring Company so she was able to get all the material at wholesale, and that house had four bedrooms and two baths, a living room, dining room, kitchen and eating area, and no den. The living room was your den at that time. And it wasn't so far to walk to either elementary school from where we did live to high school, and so I enrolled in West Fulton when I graduate from Lena Cox. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: So four bedrooms? FRANCES MCKIBBON: Uh-huh. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Who was living in the house? FRANCES MCKIBBON: My aunt – nobody when we first moved in, but it was just my mother and my grandmother and me, so we each had our bedrooms. But then my aunt's husband went into the Marine Corp. and she came back to live with us with her young baby, so she took over the two bedrooms upstairs and mother had made sort of a little storage room upstairs, and she made that into a kitchen for Frances. And it was sort of crowded but she needed some place to go with my uncle in service. So she lived with us – I guess, how long? They lived with us until the oldest child – let's see, Michael – there's seven years difference between – Michael must have been two and Carlton been nine – LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: When they moved in? FRANCES MCKIBBON: When they moved out. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Okay. FRANCES MCKIBBON: Moved out. And they had to work and save money to buy a house because the money wasn't very plentiful then as it was in most cases for young men coming back from the service. So they stayed there and then they bought their own house. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: So, was it Aunt Frances? FRANCES MCKIBBON: Uh-huh. It was her husband – LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Moved in with one child? FRANCES MCKIBBON: Moved in with one child. And he came home – LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Was this during World War – FRANCES MCKIBBON: Yes, this was during World War II she lived there. And after Bennie was discharged from the service they still lived there until he was settled in his job. And Carlton was born in 1942, he was nine, so they lived there until the early 1950s and then they moved out. And then mother took over the whole house again. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Well if it was four bedrooms and she had two bedrooms upstairs – FRANCES MCKIBBON: And two down – LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: And two were downstairs – FRANCES MCKIBBON: One of the bedrooms – LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Did you share with – FRANCES MCKIBBON: I shared with her. I shared the bedroom with my mother. We had twin beds, and she brought everything down from upstairs, and I resented it. Oh, I resented not having my own room, but it couldn't be helped, and anyway I was in college or would be going to college shortly so it really didn't make that much difference. But it was interesting to have all those people, particularly babies there, which I thoroughly enjoyed having them. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: And you said that your mother worked? FRANCES MCKIBBON: Yeah, she worked for the Atlanta Flooring Company. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Do you know what she did for them? FRANCES MCKIBBON: She was a Credit Manager for the Atlanta Flooring Company. And then when they went out of business she went to work for West Lumber Company in the same capacity and worked for Mr. George West. So it was an interesting life. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: So tell me something sort of in general about your high school days. You said you walked to school. FRANCES MCKIBBON: I walked to school. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Any favorite teachers? FRANCES MCKIBBON: Mrs. Wills [phonetic], she was my Latin teacher, and Ms. Floding was my French teach, and Mr. – god, what is his last name? Anyway, he was my history teacher, and he is the one who taught me to love history. And so, when I went to LaGrange I said I wanted to major in history, but I wound up getting three degrees from LaGrange because I had a triple major when I got out. My mother was of the old school. She said idle hands are the devil workshop, and so she made me go to Emory in the summertime between sessions at LaGrange, and that's how I wound up with three degrees. I would have had just one if hadn't been for her making me go [unintelligible] to Emory every day. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Was College expensive? Your mother must have [unintelligible] been able to build a house. She must have had a pretty good – FRANCES MCKIBBON: She had a good income but she was the sole supporter of my grandmother, and I was lucky enough and fortunate enough to receive a scholarship from LaGrange. My grades were such that I could, and as long as my grades remained at a B level in college they would renew the scholarship, so it didn't cost her as much since I had that scholarship, but she stayed on me constantly to keep my grades up. And there was one time – they sent home a D in French, and she wrote back and she said this is not acceptable and you will take French in summer, and that was all she said. She never blamed me or – she just said this is not acceptable. And I did, I went to Emory and I took classes of French, made A's in all of them and was finished with my French requirements. So, I was real happy because I didn't like that teacher. But it was interesting because during those days it was gas rationing and if I came home I had to come home on the bus from LaGrange, and there were soldiers all over the bus and sometimes we would have a place to sit and sometimes we would have to sit on our luggage or sit one of the jump seats that they had. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Was this coming home – FRANCES MCKIBBON: This was coming home from LaGrange because they were coming from Fort Benning in Columbus coming towards Atlanta – LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: You'd be on a bus – FRANCES MCKIBBON: Coming to Atlanta from LaGrange. The train schedule was much worse than it was using the bus because the train schedule coming to Atlanta was not as frequent. I know that sounds peculiar but it was more for moving freight than it was for traveling. And so, I used the bus, and sometimes when I would go back to school mother would come and pick me up. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: You had an automobile? FRANCES MCKIBBON: Yeah. We had a Chevrolet. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: What color was it? FRANCES MCKIBBON: It was green. It was the most horrible green I've ever seen in my life, but it was a good and that was when we had gas ration. And I'm trying so hard to think – I now mother didn't have the lowest letter for gas, and I'm not sure whether A was higher than C or what, but I know that they gave her one because she worked so far away from the home and there was no public transportation to get her to the office so she qualified for that. And she would save her coupons so that she could take me to college and then come back and pick me up when school was over. But rationing was something that was new. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: What other things were rationed? FRANCES MCKIBBON: Candy, chocolate candy. Oh good Lord, I like to have died, because I'm a chocoholic and – LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Do you know how many people have told me the exact same thing? FRANCES MCKIBBON: Really! Well, once my – LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Almost every woman who has come in has talked about the candy was rationed. FRANCES MCKIBBON: It was, and you couldn't have it. But Frances, once Bennie had been in service for six months got permission to go to commissary at Fort Mack and so she could buy two or three candy bars at a time. And she would bring them back to me and she would say “now, you better ration these because you're not going to have any more for three weeks or four weeks or whatever it was.” But everything was rationed. I remember my grandmother planted a victory garden. One of the men who worked with mother – a black man – came over and dug up a portion of our backyard and my grandmother having grown up on a farm in Atlanta it was easy for her to grow things, and she grew beans and butter beans and squash and canned a great many of the things so that we could have them during the winter. And meat – LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Did you garden and can with your grandmother. FRANCES MCKIBBON: I didn't garden. She wouldn't let me do any of the canning. She kept telling me you're not smart enough to do this. [LAUGHTER] And I wasn't. I really didn't know what I was doing. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Did you enjoy the garden? FRANCES MCKIBBON: Oh yes, I still garden, but I don't grow vegetables I grow roses now and other flowers. But she taught me the love of working outside. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Do you remember the man's name that came to help? FRANCES MCKIBBON: No, I don't. I really don't. I remember he spaded the ground up and put everything in it that momma would need. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Did he just come and start off or did he – FRANCES MCKIBBON: He started it off. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Oh, just started it? FRANCES MCKIBBON: After that, my grandmother would not allow anybody to touch the garden. I could go out and weed but I better not touch anything else. And she was out there every day working in that garden. And it was good, because we had food that we wouldn't have had otherwise. And my Aunt Evelyn – I'm trying to think – she started raising chickens on their place. They had about a two acre house – or a house on two acres, and they were able to raise chickens. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Is this in this Grove Park area? FRANCES MCKIBBON: This is in the Grove Park area. And she raised chickens so we had more chicken than we did beef because beef was rationed and you had so many coupons per month that you could use. And I remember Sister would always – we called Evelyn “Sister” – would always save a good fat pullet hen for me for my birthday because I liked fried chicken and butter beans, and momma would always get the butter beans out of the garden and sister would always have her husband to kill the chicken. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: [unintelligible] August. FRANCES MCKIBBON: In August. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Perfect timing. FRANCES MCKIBBON: Perfect timing. And we would have ice cream that we'd crank not an electric freezer, and she would always make me a cake that she developed the recipe. And she told me when she gave me the recipe, because it is my favorite cake, if you give anybody that recipe I will come back and haunt you after I die. So, I have given it to no one. Now, my cousin will get it from when I die. But she called it the Garden of Eden cake because it's got – LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Garden of Eden cake? FRANCES MCKIBBON: Uh-huh. It's got a lot of spice and chocolate in it. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: And chocolate. FRANCES MCKIBBON: Chocolate and spice. But it was just interesting growing up in that neighborhood because you knew everybody. When I went to grammar school I knew all the children that were there. When I went to high school I knew all the children that were there. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Do you have any pictures of you working in the garden? FRANCES MCKIBBON: No, because we didn't take pictures then. The only time that I remember mother taking pictures was on birthdays. She would take pictures on my birthday and my grandmother's birthday and then her sister's birthday and her nephew's birthday. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Do you have a picture of you and the Garden of Eden cake? FRANCES MCKIBBON: No, I don't. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: [LAUGHTER] FRANCES MCKIBBON: I don't know when – my mother moved in 1963 over to where I live now, and breaking down a large house like she had she got rid of a lot of things that I wish she hadn't. She got rid of all of my Bobbsey Twin books, she got rid of all my Nancy Drew books – LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: My mother, when I moved out and went to college, got rid of my Nancy Drew books. FRANCES MCKIBBON: And I think that's a crime. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: I don't understand why she thought that they had to be gone. FRANCES MCKIBBON: I don't know either, but mother had – I had a set of what were called A Child's World book that a friend of my mother's starting me off when I was three years old, and she got rid of all those, and those things are priceless today. But she didn't have any room for them is what she said. At least she didn't get rid of the china that my grandmother and she had. No, I don't have it; I gave it to my cousin's [unintelligible] daughter when she got married. But you wanted to know where I was when I heard about World War II and the bombing. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Yes, Pearl Harbor. [Unintelligible] FRANCES MCKIBBON: The 7th, 1941 my mother had take me and a friend to The Fox to see a movie. This was on Sunday. My grandmother did not approve, but movies were open and mother said it's no worse than sitting here getting into trouble, which I was fairly good at doing. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: So how old were you? FRANCES MCKIBBON: 1941 I was 15. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Fifteen. So you were attending [unintelligible] Fulton. FRANCES MCKIBBON: A junior at West Fulton. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: It's Sunday morning and you go to the movies – FRANCES MCKIBBON: No, it's Sunday afternoon. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: I'm sorry. FRANCES MCKIBBON: Sunday afternoon we go to the movie. When we came out mother said “do y'all want to go by the Yellow Jacket?” What used to be something like the Varsity and it was across from where the current Coca-Cola building is, and they had much better hot dogs than the Varsity did. They toasted their buns and they put something on the bun and it was just absolutely delicious. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Do you remember what movie you saw? FRANCES MCKIBBON: No. I don't have any idea. But we were sitting there and I asked mother if I could turn the radio on and she say “yes.” LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: In the car? FRANCES MCKIBBON: We were in the car. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: So, it's a drive in? FRANCES MCKIBBON: It's a drive in. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Yellow Jackets [unintelligible] FRANCES MCKIBBON: Uh-huh. And she said yes and cranked the car up, because at the time you had to run the battery. And I was flipping the dials trying to find some music, and mother said “leave that alone, that's the news; I want to hear what the weather is going to be.” And suddenly when we were sitting there they were talking about the bombing of Pearl Harbor. And mother said “what?!” And my friend – I remember Mary asking “where's Pearl Harbor?” Because you had heard of it but we really didn't know exactly where it was. But then mother said “hurry up and eat; I want to get home.” And as soon as she got home my grandmother said “Marjorie, do you know that they have bombed Pearl Harbor?” And mother said “yes, I want to hear on the radio.” And so, she sat up – she made me go to bed, but she sat up a good while listening to the reports that were coming from Washington and through Pearl Harbor. And then the next day when we went to school of course all of us knew what had happened by then. Mr. McElwaine, who was our principal came on the intercom and said “I want all of you to report to the auditorium, there will be a special assembly.” And we thought oh gosh, now what? And when we got in there he told us that we were to sit very quietly because we were going to hear the President declare war or ask for a declaration of war. And everybody – you could hear a pin drop it was so quiet. And I remember sitting there thinking I don't think I'm hearing what I'm hearing, but I heard Roosevelt ask Congress to declare war against Japan and Germany. And it gave you a real weird feeling. And the whole day was just very somber. Very few people had anything to say. And the boys in our graduating class were 16, some of them were 17, some of them lied about their age and joined the service. And one boy who had graduated the year – two years ahead of me, was also a very good friend of our family's, he joined the Air Force and the Navy and trained in Pensacola and then went to San Diego and from there went out to the Pacific. And he served in the Pacific only six months and his plane was shot down, and they never knew what happened after that. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Do you remember his name? FRANCES MCKIBBON: Ray White. I remember – LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Ray White? FRANCES MCKIBBON: Uh-huh, I remember it very clearly. And he was the only child. That's what was so bad. And everyone who had members of their family in the services hung the stars in the window. They were usually blue stars. And then when someone was killed it was always a gold star. And I remember going to the memorial service at our church for Ray and Mrs. White saying to my grandmother as we were walking out “I'll never see him again.” And that was sad because it was her only child. She didn't have any more. And in her window was that gold star, and it hung there until – I don't remember when she took it down. It was there even after – LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: For a long time. FRANCES MCKIBBON: It was even there after the war was over. But that was the first real casualty that I knew anything about. Later on there were other people that I knew that either lost friends or family members in the war. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: If your uncle was in the service, did you have a star? FRANCES MCKIBBON: Yes, my aunt did. My aunt did. She got one and put it in the front window in the living room. And it stayed there until he came home and then she took it down. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Were there many stars up and down – FRANCES MCKIBBON: Oh yes, everywhere. Everywhere you would go there were stars because there were so many young men – in our graduating class there were two boys who were my age, 16, when we graduated and they lied about their age and said they were 18 and joined the Army. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Their names? FRANCES MCKIBBON: One of them was JB Elliott and the other one – gosh, I don't remember what the others name was. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: That's all right. FRANCES MCKIBBON: But they came home with no problems. They managed to escape any serious injury, but it just surprised me that the Army would take – but they needed men so desperately that they weren't bothering to check on the ages. And JB lied like a trooper when he said he was 18. He was no more 18 than I was. But it was a very, I won't say hard time, but you always in the back of your mind you were always wondering what was going to happen. We had every [unintelligible] on the streets for fear that we would be bombed. I remember my grandmother getting some black cloth and making black out curtains, which were never used. They stayed in her room and closet the whole time. But it was just that you felt like you needed to be prepared because you really weren't sure of what was going to happen. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: You talked about growing up in Grove Park and at night sitting on the curbs. What about during the war? FRANCES MCKIBBON: Not during the war. Not during the war. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: What were evenings like? FRANCES MCKIBBON: Usually you spent the time reading or visiting with people. Young, like I was, we would go to the school where they had dances and yet, you loved it and you enjoyed and you had a good time but you never could escape the war. It was always with you because you knew that some of the people that you were seeing would be leaving shortly to go to the war. And yet, we carried on as normal activities as we possibly could. I still went to movies, I still went shopping. I couldn't buy anything because there was nothing to buy. I remember taking make up and putting it on my legs and then my aunt drawing a line up the back of my legs to make it look like hose because silk stockings were all we wore. We didn't have nylons, and they just didn't have anything like that. We were rationed on shoes, and when I went to college mother bought me two pair, one for every day and one for dress. She said “now, these have to last you for four years so you take care of them.” They didn't last me for four years. I had to get some new every day shoes, but the dress shoes did last for four years. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: What did the shoes look like? FRANCES MCKIBBON: The loafers that I wear today are similar to the loafers that I wore then. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: Penny loafers? FRANCES MCKIBBON: Penny loafers, uh-huh. And saddle locks, which we wore saddle locks. That was the second pair of everyday shoes that I [unintelligible] saddle locks. And the dress shoes were just plain shoes but they had much higher heels than I wear today. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: They were dark, sensible shoes? FRANCES MCKIBBON: No, no. I think mine were navy. That is dark but it was not sensible. LILLIAN GANTSOUDES: [LAUGHTER] FRANCES MCKIBBON: I'm trying to think. I think it had a bow on it. I don't really remember. Gosh, I hadn't thought about that in years. But the clothing – my mother made a lot of my clothing, she and my grandmother together, because clothing was so scarce and so e
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Please browse the more than 8000 knit- and crochet-related treasures in the CKC Collections Resource <a href="http://digital.centerforknitandcrochet.org/collections/show/1">Museum and Library Collections</a> (drawn from <a href="https://dp.la/info/developers/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Digital Public Library of America</a>). CKC is seeking new partner organizations to share their collections of knitting and crochet with visitors to this resource. Contact us at <a href="mailto:collections@centerforknitandcrochet.org">collections@centerforknitandcrochet.org</a> for more information about participating. <br /><br /><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/11Hb_Y75HnhkCE5i4mKpcTlB8Msp_lB0XUtQr5S8XXKA/edit?usp=sharing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Learn more about criteria for Share Your Treasures.</a>
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linkto:001:http://wcudigitalcollection.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16232coll18/id/2066
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An account of the resource
Between 1914 and the late 1960s, the Champion Fibre Company published an internal newsletter, called The Log, to share news about the Canton mill, the community, and its employees. After 1940, news from the entire “Champion Family,” which included mills in Hamilton, Ohio; Houston, Texas and Sandersville, Georgia, was featured in each issue.
MAY · IQ47 • • 7 // I / / ~1AY 1947 • G. W. Phillips_, Editor Emeritus · I . ( NO.5 e Champion Paper and Fibre Company Gen.eral Offices Hamilton, Ohio AT : TON, OHIO HOUSTON, TEXAS N, NORTH CAROLINA SANDERSVILLE, GEORGIA CAL SKILLMAN, Managing Edito.r Editorial Advisors: iBEN B. ROBERTSON. JR., DWIGHT J. THOMSON TON · Editor - Ray Garrett · r£porters erle Baynes, J oe Blevens, Mary CampbeU~ Wesley Cobb, lud Dunlap, J immy Durrougb., William R. Fowler, Pat fa keU Ken Moor e, Helen Pierson, Jack Ramsey, Otto teid., Bob Schaney, Dorothy Schubert, Lorraine Stewart, eorge Steiner, Bill Th()mpson, Alberta Young. D. Editor - James Deaton eporlers ~ Akins Ralph Cooke, Fred Dayton, Floyd Gillis, Ralph oforth, Elaine Goolsby, l\f:ary IJardin, Clyde R. Hoey, Jr., E:rnest 1\1esser , Clayton, Miller, Faye. Miller, Gwendolyn Iemmons~ Kat herine Plemmons, Doris Plott, Jim Queen, orma "'Polly' Reno, J . E. Slaughter, G. C. Suttles, Grace rallent, H. G. Wi11iams, Sibyl Wilson, J. L .. Worley. rro ... Editor - A. M. KGury Reporters M. End ley-; N-s, Sandersville IN THIS ISSUE GENERAL ECTION Ed i to t~ i al ~ ..... ............. ..,. ............... .-. ...................................................... ~···· · ··· 2 T he Quiet Corner ......................................... ........................... 3 Proudly \V c Pr ent ........................................................... < , 7 Di re c tor ~ Visit Canton ............................................................ L} Houston Pr ize Photos ............................................................ 6 P·i retJS ...... ~··· · ·· · · · ................... u .. . ... . . . ...... -• •• • • :.~. ......... ................... ....... .... ...... 7 C. 1' u . 1.. ec 1t n 1011 s ............... ......... ............ ....... .. ............................. . ~ ...... .. 8 Retirement Income Plan .................... -.......................... :.. 9 Champions In The Cmnmunity .... ............. :.:: ... .,. ..... 10 Pulp l\!Iach ine Converted ........ _ ........................ ........ ...... ; .. J 2 DIVISIONAL SECTIONS Ha111il t011 .................. ~.. . ... .. .... .. ...... .. .. .......... .. . ... .... .. .. . . .. . ...... ......... ... .. 1 4 Can ton ... ........................................................ ........ ............... ....... ; ......... 30 Houston ..................................... ........................................................... 38 • I OUR [OVER PICTURE Reproduced on this month's lO · · r of T HE LOG is a Kodachrome picture o[ a 'beautiful EpiphyJhnn Ca . tus. The dellcat ·· sha de of pinJ flowers of this partic ul a r cactus. togeth r with its pea-green ~ tc ms and foliage, is '' ~ry showy, Jt is a great: favorite wiLh ·actus lovers. (It · technical name is l <.,piphylhml Ack rmannii.) • 1 FR M THE EDITOR SHALL E H E LIBERTY OR C01 M NJSM ~ FREEDOM OR REGIMENTATION? By G. TV. Phillip If. a f .rei n f e houJd in vade thi c un try with the ave t ·ed purp of d , lro / ing our Ameri an wa, of Jj fe - aboh hing free enterpri -free ... peech- do ing th doors of our churche, and forbidding- the "w r:hip of God accord ·ntop g 'ornnnmist publit tton.'. yve u nd c~ t an .l that the org- nizatirm, r me iou ' outh lor D·m :rd ', Is late l for in · 'Stig-· tion b 'onrr in t h ne r futu re. 1':1 C(~l m: un i ts re aho W<. r:r11 i11g their W' y into many Oll o_rganu~ u;on s :'U< h · ~. po ltt r un1(JOS - I o;; 1.dc p sttmns m gov ' rn ntcnt, and rhe rmcd Forces ' 1so th . Gomm LJnist youth can g r 1\lfi lit.a , 1 raining and tt us, hut L_tp a ~ed Army h~ou gb loca l unil~ which will beth · a 1i 1 force m overthr wm g· h gov ·n m "nL" It i? int~r~s ting to know that with mly about: . "V n p c ·nt ol the world's popula tion and six per cent of it 1· n area, l_he United , Sta tes m!'d r our. f ec syster 1 has 30 1 cent oJ the world. s tot~ l r allroad n 1leage, ·10 per cen L o t total telegraph w1re. JmJcage, a te~~phon in practically f''"'' .home, an auto·mob1le for every b ve persons and a radin 0o eve ry three families. Russia, w:lth her Cmn mun isti . y~tcm of ov rnmena o.wnership, and about ~1~ne per cent o( the worJd' popul twn, and J 4· per cent of lts land area, h as only on -sixt emh of t!le total rail tra ckage, one teleph one for every J . i habHants, one automobile for ever 2.J2 iJlhabit:ants and a~ radio_for one home in 45. · In the United States there are twenty-five million hom and farms, individually owned - in Ru sia, the State O\Vfl ~hem. In 'the United States forty mi llion _peo ple have mone 111 the bank; there are seventy-five million l i fe in. uranct policy holders; and eighty million owner · of United Stat bonds; individuals under a Communistic form of gover . ment own nothing. · In choosing your political and economical fu ture. whiclt<. . shall it be, Liberty or Communi ·m? Our Democratic form of governmen t m an Lil enyfree speech- free enterprise- the privilege of wor, hiping; God according to the dictates of our onscience- th righ to own property, our home, our bu iness, etc. Communism means State-owner hip - regiment tion rigid dictatorship- total tyranny. The State is the supre·mc master o er the lives of j ts citi zen ·. No :fr e prech - fr enterprise - freedom of worship or o·wnership of pr )I Tt) . All basic righ.(s of citizens ar sacrificed ro rhe tat . According to a report publish d by a group of 1 scntative~. lOl , in 1/~W . in the 111!. n<) of the 'nited Statt'l, each llati\e in the Pnited States Congtes~ tepre cnted !H.' 00 ( itil'<.:n - ~Hh ')('JlaLOr about 1~0,000 . And e the~e men:- . t thaLtime the · ,·ere the real lead e r. conmHmiti · - ruen ·who a. Ullled thi kad c:r .,hip .' 1 1ight p1 e ent to Congn·~ the g-r ie\ ance o( t heir an) of them \\l' fC the lllCil \dlt) had pla ed a f'a rl ··ne( laratio11 ol r ndeJ end nu_" - who had pa rt icillr · w1iting (Jf tl e "C()n.tiuuiqn of the L'n ited . ~ ..,qJll · of th ·m will li\C: fore e1 in th • hi tory of tIll" . The question with \vhi< h we should be ton ·rn cd i o l ~-our c..· th · abi1it and integ rity of our C:on gr ._.,.,_ If Congre'is 1 to make the Jaws which g-o' ·r11 our action s, shouldn 't each Hlling ci1i1 ·n do his b 'S t to o.;cnd the r ight pe rsons to \Ya.,hing-ton ? .-\nd to d c te rmillc who i-. th · ri ght pet son , isn 't it neccssar tn dig d eep into the hackg-round a nd c ·pericnre ol ·ach can lidatc? \'\'e beli c n .· that rl\ost \Olc..Ts do not ma k · a11y rea l < l ien 1 to learn about the individu a l ~o r wh o lll 1llcy \Ot('' \Vhat do ou think.? Lorrain.e Stewart LOG Reporter, Hamilton Division T h e al rnost insc..:p(:trable Lor ai nc Stewart and A I hena You ng, No. ~ M i ll Finishing. ra nk among' rhc otrt .'-ttanditP,, H a n1i l ton ·' Log" reponers . Their " Han: Fan~ ot No. ~ Finishing·· column invariably hiLs the editor's de'lk well in adva nce ol tl1c d eadline and is guarant c..:cd to pro,·e high I. read a ble. " Reporting for the 'Ldg-' is g o b~ ol fun. " ~a) s Lonaitit: and Alberta adcl:. ":Nia ybc it.\ due to ~o many people bein~ o very willing Lo help in our clc partlllent. " Lorraine and ,\lberta ha,·c been reporting their brec7y it<.:nh lor monthan two y ars. ahhoug·h they 've been Champions fo r more than thr e times that number - Lorraine :-.tarting in Mareh 19-11 and Alberta in June 1940. AI ert Youn9 LOG Re porter, Hamilton I) go i llg 111 Cu kt, Otv;sion Strange as it 1nay seem. Lorraine and Alberta ~han· prauically til· 'Iallie illt ei esh in man · rc~p ec h - both are ard ·nt ba~ ·lnll and hask.t•thall fa11~, cottliuing th eir at hl et i<. ' partitipati on to howling· . .,kat itrg JtHI ~winrming . ~fi so,; ..... tc' ·art dcnHt'S much ol h ·r :-p~H t.' till !(.' to (lt11rc..h work. bt:itlg f h Canton Di\·ision. U ndaunt d by a steady rain, Champion dirl'Ltor: an 1 gu Ls met temporarily at Chau pion Y .. f .C . ..-\. before lea\·ing for their tour of rh · ~ 1ill 1 qdcr the direct i< n of Reuben B. Robertson , Pr -,id nt o[ Champion. DEDIC r E T£\'V 1\'f C..HL 'E f1cr d di ating CI am pion· · new .. o . 11 ,\I at hinl', di r ctor · and g·uc t JookeJ ov 'r the n ·w Electronic .\mphdin c nlrol featur · · [ the ma ·hine and other C'<.JuipnH..n . Th ., Gen ·rator Ro0111 wa , yi ·it · l b~ dH:' Ch. mpion dir LOl'- and gue:.L. a '"ell as oth ·r important ._ rta bdo ' Junthin at ham pion· · cafeteria at 1 o'( locJ... Boa lin,· a ·pccial1y I rcpared ~ight- ceing llat ar. th - ~ \ ·re t{ k n b. rail o ·n .J < t Cl1ampi n prnpcnic in th · \ ' dyanl r a. Th~.: -pet i· l c r wa · pullt.d b\ Ch mpi n · · n ' · " l ro. ?H l" die el t:nc.rin(' . th fir l die I u1 • ri11e to ind it , \ · int \\\.· ll.rn • ·~ 11th arolina inuu tn _ D ·pite tl e h a' r in, th · t OUf t nj, ' · I rheir t1 ip in om{ rt a a r esult of a temporary covering quick! th a t morning. NE"' E. B. CELLS INSPECTED T h e gro up Yi sitecl the n w Electrolytic Bl ach Plan add i Lion wh re ne, ,· chlorine cells ,..,:er e recen t!,. in tailed- They al o looked ov r Ch amp ion ': new L ime plant d1i i. in proc o( con tru ction . The d ire tor and gu s1.·, contin u ing th ir tou r of _ ou~ ·ide propcn ', topp d br i ·fly iu th n tcr of hamp1 11 \Voodyanl whe re t.h ·y w re completely 'Hrrounded h: l , 0 onl f pu lp wo d. o. 17 1\fach inc, rcc ntl • con\'ertec.l from Be aHl proj n in 30 da ·s. w s in. p t d \Vith th~ co1npan dir "·wr · anl guels. T hey also Fini hing arL~l during their tour of the ~·f i l l. HOLD Hl IEF CONFER ·N , ; a l'ulp t intere-t b \ i.si l ~ct th \ ·ith the completion o( the \1 oo l ani tour, a bu period o[ in_· I cc 1 ion w. :-. concluded by the Dire to r. w rent into . hudJJ for , b ri ef on[crellce a l Champt n w ,.,in t up their oUi<.i< l in: pc ·tion of the C nton Cl1, p'on pr j t. . . , Icmb •t ol til Board of Dt r • ctor~ are: Reuben Rob ·rt (.Hl. Flat Rc c.k, , 1 . C.· Dwigh t J. Thom ou .. Lt·w ~ . flwm on, Harn G. P un ·ford , . 'h rJ C. B nedtcl a John J. Ro \ ' t... all ;,1 _(jncinnali. 0 .; H .nr, ,..,s. Bower. Yo k. ' ito,:; · nd H. 1 . R andall and H . \ . u ter. of Ha [Ql • • • ~E-1 SPECTING THE PAPER MACHINE PRESS SECTION are Spieg ·I hal er, President of Pusey-Jones Corporation (Pusey-Jones e new paper machine}; H. T. Randall, Champion Vice-President ec or; Ra lph Johnston , Vice President of Pusey-Jones; Chester lee President of Genera l Ele ctric (who supplied the electric equipd con rols) ; and Bill Cronkhite from the ind ustria l sa les depart- General Electric. ABOVE- NEW MACHINE CALENDERS furnish the background for Albert Pfelz, Vice President of the American Can Company: John Osborne, Vice President of Champion and manager of cur New York sales office ; Reuben B. Robertson, Jr., Executive Vice President of Champion ; Harvey Ho!'kins of American Can; and William Stalks, Vice President of American Can Company. ABOVE- SPECIAL Sl GHT-SEEI NG CAR is used by Directors, guests and supervisors to inspect the Woodyard area. Reuben B. Robertson and Judge J1,111ius Adams (Asheville, N. C.) are at the extreme left. In front of our steps are C. A. Stone, General Superintendent· of Canton Mechanical Department, and Love Coman, Canton Woodyard Superintendent. LEFT - REEL OF 20 POUND BOND as it comes from the new machine is inspected by Dwight J . Thomson, Champion Vic President nd Director. ABOVE LEFT - ANOTHER VIEW OF NUMBER II PRESS SECTION with Edwin L. Jones, President ot the Jones Construction Company, Cherlotte, N. C. (contra ctors for the machine room building); Don Elias, Editor of the Asheville Citizen Times; Gere)ld Cowan, Vice Pr sid nt of Wachovia Bank and Trust Company of Ashevi lle, North Carolina ; R. D: Darden of the Southern Railro d : and Homer L. Dillard, Comptroller of Champion. HOUSTON CAMERA CLUB PRIZE PHOTOS "DAF-FODILS" - above- First place winner. By J . E. Porter •. ALONG THE CANYON TRAIL"- below- Second place winner. By J. B. Sparks "SOUTHWEST' ' -top right- Third place, tie. By W. E. Par~ er "WI NDING RIVER" -lower right - Third place, tie. By Jim Witt THE SHUTTER BUGS By J. B. parks Champi n 's Shutt r Burrs (C<~mera lub Member:,, t< 1 yo u) s w~:-, d their first conte t of the year on March 26, a the Clubhous with a fine · ·t of print p sing in the lim light before rhe -harp y ~ of the juclg :. Th lOlllp titi0n was ke "n and vvhcn th judging wa- compl -·ted and tht ballots in, .J. E. Porter'.· Jnnninh "Daffodils" wut_IOll the Co1.1 pan · JHtllL" Ul\vat 1 a leqtnl · p• i1c , \ ·~(rd -. ~ ~ 111 ! :c I a :, tTmul~nll: \ \ 1 \\'l!-.11 to<', Lend our sirtl ·n ;1pp.rc iariou , to>, 10 th ' South "'' . t 1 n C. IJI<'ra Co1npan for its dcmotbtrat cd intct ~~ 111 • • our acnnt . ' I he Canlt'nt Club mcel. aL the Clubhmt'i<: on the s 'lnn I and f( unh " 'n ln csd~l\' C\ ·ning of ach nwnth • nd ·dl ChanlJ innfoJk ar , in\'i;cd 1 > au ·ncl our me 'lings and, '\l hop . ht·ndil lront our progralll . ' ....... Br Poul raig Chi_ f Pilnt 1 r oi th ..... Champion Famil · haYe p erl1ap-;. h d o jon to kno\ · n:ry mu h al our · ...l1arnpion Air- . i · 11 ,,. t rlep·u·tm nt, L ·n:pt for the po · ible know-that hampion L>wn~ an 1 operate two aiq Ian . 11 in~ the fil" t y ar, ...,omc ( ( the que-,ti n-; ·which h · vc 1 ked atLe u to fed tha£ throtwh thi , column some l ' lion and acti,·iti 'S of th · A.Yiation department will man\' rearler · of TH - LOG who arc interested. T\\.0 ·DO HP l\fOTOR. 11 F 'bruary ~5 . J 9+6. the Be ch raft \\'as deli,. red to nn~ ti ne,,· from the fa tory. It ha a . ea tinrr a1 acity pa "nger_- and nn> pilot. . It i. pm,·crcd b) t \\ o 450 all and '\yhj tney. \\'a p Jr. en~ inc ; it ha a uui ·ing of 17~ mph, ant.l carrie · a ma.-imum iuel load to L this 1 eed for more than fi, e h ur. and have the d r "~ r maini ng. · radio equipment consi ·t · of one transmitter, two I" and an automaLic djreclion radio compass. In on lO the. radio na' igational aids, jt has all the m ·m;, ne e.-.• r · lor in trument or ".blind" flying. E. 'GU\ ES OPERATE SEPAR. TELY e fonnation of ice in c rtain w ath r conditions is H rl bv anti-i in~ and d e -icing equipment on tbe .Her and 'ring. . The en in , opera t ntirely sep ahom each oth .r, enabling flirrht to be continued inirc1 . on one nr' rine jf Lhe Other should fail. Llrino- the hr:t ) ar of operation the Beech raft ha a total £ 377 ilight , in luding lour trip to the west : ha flown J ·1.:J,i) J 2 mile. : carried GJO pas en gers, ing-:?, ' . 5~ pa ~ cngermil e : ha. \i itedover IOOdiifcr- 1 . . and ha · tra\ cr. ed ~om of the am route.· man y, ume·. GREAT Tl~f £ SAVER 1 th tran 1 ortation of official and e.·ecuti e , time a m of importance. A ..., a typical e. ample of the a e , it take'> l -1 hours fr rn A.h ·ville to Ci ncinnati in. ' he rca the Be ·ch g< in J Y2 hour~. Fr · m A h eor intinnati to Hou ton by train i'> a1 proximately ur . By the " 'ham pion Kn igh l" it a\ crages abou t ur . .-\ new Hou LOn ro A. hn ill · r · ord was made rl: enrJy i1 .1% hour ·, and . tiJl more recently a non· Hi•rht from Hou ton t fJ \Va I inCTton in 5 hour and ' n He In . trip 1 t fall th plan left Cincinnati at 7:00A.M. ue da and at ':3 " ' · landed at .·\ IJ ,·ill where con {t - 'cr held at 1 lat R k in the for ·n Oil, cnrl the n ~ l iB 'i itul that aft rno .m. .\L 11:00 A.~f. the ·i (T day (\ \'cdn sd( ') the . a me group la nded t )11. On F1id v at 2:00 P . .!\1. ~tj Jl th · san1c gr o up tee Hou-,u,n a1 d ~,·ete back (I t .Harni hon in tim for 1 1 m etitu~ th l ., ening. Lt ' ·as · ·ti mat · 1 th a t. for e an/ to haH.· \pcnl tb · o,am an ou nt o f ti1n in j -iou pia .. it. \\otdd ha\ e taken a pj ro ' in ta t ·ly 1 h d tl ' b ·t·n t 1 ·a' 'I in g- h . t ra in. POET ~IlKE r RY \like houry, in a recent i-; u prot d the \\Titer: ·· ~ h e un ha rit, the un ha-; ~ L .-\ nd her I i~ j n T ·xa Yet. .. ' Thar it 'roulcl he more appropriate if we "aid - rc ·a 0\CPi quit ' J. plot. Yet we lrau:-pon a1 ~u h a rate T hat ohen we ln,·c O\Cr- hot. , ' ot the airpnn, bu1 the Stat.c. Champion al. o has a Cruman " \Vidgton" ,.,hi< h i: an antphibian l)j e plane \\'birh tak ·s oil or lanch on cithet bnd or \\'atcr. Th "' \\ 'idg·con i\ u ~nl primarily by the Forc.~.tr · Dcj)anntCnL for uui .-ing-. c\timatiwr and g·enclal C/ ,-, I slud I or timbt•r land . It i: powe red by two ~00 hp Ranger engines: ha. a nui~ing ~peed of 1:50 mph; Lan cruise tor more ti1an .-> ltou r~ . and ba.- 'irtuall) r he same equipmen t fea ttnT:, a-. de:-,<. ri bed for the Becchuaf L • MRS. BETTY YOUNG • l\Irc;. Bet ty Young traveled all the way from Newark. ' New Jersey via \Veehawken, to become a "Texan .. , Bett.v ' was born in New J ersey, but yearned at an early age for the broad expanse of the Lone Star state. She moved to H ousron and entered J q!ln Reagan 1-Iigh School where she edited the chool paper and the vear .book, erved ac; ' log Reporter, Houston Division majo ress domo of the Reagan R ed coa ts, P resident of · the Quill and Scroll Journali m Club and was named as the se nior 'n1ost apt to se ed e' upo n h er gr adua ti on . Betty then undert ook and comple ted a bu iness cour e at H ou ·ton·. Sma lley Business College and was offered a sec re tarial position with th James Bute Compan when she completed h er course. fter si,- years with But ' she left heir mploy to accept h T p res nt p osi tion a secre tary to .Mr. Dabney where ~ he now wor ks whe n n o t 'iVri tin <:> LOG new or ·erving as :Mrs. f ) rcl ' pin h -h i tter on the S\\·it chboard. · Hetty go ·s in for lots o( spo rt s. Sh is a top flight bowler, an c pert h orsC \-voman an l swimmer. Sh and Ra · Young were marri ed on March 1 19 Hi, and, 'a id ' l' b uch fri n(h as D. C. T hon p!:ion, Len A llen , broth T Frank Ro 'C' and J anet B n ·[i >1, th · ou p1c fin( lly made th f) l\.'~1. plan · 10 1\fcx ico Ci ty for their wcrhl ing- t rip . \V < mtl cl lee rn nothi tl ,. whatsoe\ er {'rom her husba nt-1. < hr-r brother or ll t'r i nt imate fr .icntl s as to whet her or not "he , Don To1 millk a~ 1 H- t()) \:\'illiam s. Th • 1· tt "r two L ~ . or ·d f.o Bar I ( th Sbarpslto >t .r e 1al. i\:IeuaL vai labJ fo t h<' y( utb1u1 nc vic -~ man' .:tarting with th' Pro-Ma k."lrnan aa 1 dima · in•~ with ·r Distinhll i;h d Rifleman. S ·o ·s for th "Er • nng.., fr m ~ out of [,Q t an JwotiJ g po. i1 ion o 18 out of ... 0 at a four positions ~ ll1at i~ pron , .~; nding, .-i njng an I kne • tng. \ nnnnn i tion is obtained from tb · 1 R; ancl i a 'ailah to a ll 111 ·mbc . Rifles of 22- ·aJib r ar · u ed, with ir(! , ights. Club n mb rs not only lea n to sh~piece, ·sleeve, · striker- as a Champion Juni~ · . "Rifle Clubster, you'll know all the answers. . CHAMPIO"N CREDIT UNIONS I: OMB INED BAL.l\1\ICE SHEET MARCH 31, 1947 Assets Hamilton C.. a sl) ..... .............~ ........................... ~······· · .... ··· · · · ···_,~ .. ................................... ,. ................................~ ........, , . 1.: ~J , 6) \~J 1 .. ~,? :'t1· Loans {)utstanding ........ ; .......................................................................... " ................. 221 ,24·9.1 L1 Inv tm nts .................. .............................................. ......................................................... 106,5 1:3.9() Furrlit.ur and. Fixtures (Less D epn~ ciation) ............ ....................... 2,520.22 l f i, e1Jatl€0·U ~··· · · · ·-· ····· ~···· · "·······--··· ... ····· .. ·· ····· .. ·· ~·····r· ... , .............. ~ .. , ............................... -., ........ , .................. ............ . 10TALS ••• • ••• • ••••••o•-"•• ••• • •·o••• •O•••••••••• ••• •• • •o• ·• •••••• • •• • ... ••"•• • •·oO.o •••O••••••••••• .. • •o• •II•Oooo' .., • Participation i\'{ Hlb""r " Clo e o[ l\1fHl~h ............................................................................ - .... . Borrow r · lo. of i\fonth ..... . .... . . .. . - •-!-. • -" . . . .. ..... ..... . . j • • ' .. Y(t*' ...... '·;..·· ... . ... . ....... ·~ . ... ., •• ~' ......... .. 2~07 !) ~ •.1 Canton $ 44,242.70 ] ] 9,065.93 386 297.26 60.48 6-,1. 5.92 $5 5,802.29 ~ ......... .................. -.. 2~.959.77 8,789.08 23 L96 ~~ · . 5.5 .HO~ .29 • .?..,?_ 'AJ 7.8 Houston ·! 47,23.5 .06 • 49,880.1 G 27,400.00 2.00 .[ 49.52 $ 1. 24,666.7£} .$120,1_ .39 '1,093. 1.0 _ ,!) 1 t;. 78 9~. A7 . ............................ -~· 57J 263 Totals 107.L 9.3(' 390, t95 .2d 1 ,026,463. '~ . $ 970, 111.1., I .3 2.6 3 .~ . 090 . 6 1 6,96o.oa 4,919.4 50ti.r 197 8 . .. • • ' HAMPtON ANNOUNCES RETIREMENT INCONIE PLAN-. FOR HOURLY PAID EMPLOYEES Over a y'ear ago, when the Retirement Plan for Salaried Employees was announced, a number of Hourly Paid Employees at Champion's mills ex~ pressed to Management a des1re for a retirement plan of their own. 1 . As a result, the General Industrial Relations Of- · fice immediately began an intensive program of research and analysis of the various tyes of plans available. At least eight different plans we1·e carefully studied and at the conclusion of this work it was decided by Champion's Management that an insured plan would most thoroughly safeguard the rights and benefits of its members. Because of thirty years of satisfactory relations with the Equitable Life Assurance Society of the United States, it was decided that they would- be the best organization . to handle Champion's Retirement Income Plan for Hourly Paid Employees. The plan as adopted for hourly paid employees is identical to that of the salaried employees except for the method of determining earnings and the ef· fective dates involved. The fundamental difference between the methods used to coi-npute pay for Hourly Paicl Employees as compared to Salaried Employee , makes this neces 'ary. The specific details of the .Hourly P aid Plan are given in the pamphlet which each eligible Hourly Paid Employee will be given soon. If you are an Hourly Paid Employee and have attained age 30, but not age 65, and have completed at least 5 years' service with Champion, you will be eligible to become a member of the Retirement Income Plan for Hourly Paid Employees. In view of the fact that employees over age 65 cannot be included in the Retirement Income Plan for Hourly Paid Employees, their individual cases will be handled in an equitable manner consistent with their age, years of service and income. This Plan has been adopted by our Company to further round out its policy of security for its employees throu,gh insurance programs. Champion employees now have available Group Hospitalization and Surgical Benefits, either Accident and Health I nsunance or Mutual Aid, and Group Life Insurance. The retirement Income Plan for Hourly Paid Employees is designed to give employees a monthly income which, when added to Social Security Benefits, will enable them to enjoy , their retirement in comfort and security. Champion feels that comfort and security for its loyal employees with long service is of the utmost importance. This is clearly demonstrated by the fact that the compani}"'s t:otal liability for past s.E!rvice for those hourly paid employees who are eligible is $2,750,0{)0. In other words the cost of past service is entirely borne by the Company. Past service, roughly defined, is that service completed prior to the effective date of this Plan, In addition, Champion pays toward future service for each employee at ~n overall ratio of about 1 112 to 1. In other words, for each $1.00 contributed by the average Hnurly Paid Empleyee toward his future service annuity, Champion contributes about $1.50. The company's porti:on of future service payments will amount to approximately $223,000 per year. Future service, roughly defined, is that serv ice completed after the effec'tive date of this Plan. . Every Hourly Paid Employee should realize at this time that in order for this Plan to become effective it will be necessary for 75o/o of the eligible Hourly Paid Employees to ,become members of the Plan and that Champion's stockholders approve this Plan at t heir annual meeting this October. · · Each Hourly Paid Employee should also understand that due to future economic and. business conditions' being U;rtJ?redictable, the Company mu t reserve the right to discontinue either the past service benefits or the future service benefits, or both. Cha-mp ion hopes and expects to conti"nue the plan indefinitely and only conditions of extreme emergency will change this hope and expecta tion. H the Plan is di.scontin1,1ed, the Company cannot withdraw al'ly col'ltributions it has made. I:n such event. the m:ember, whether or no·t he remains in the employ of the Company and provided he does not withdraw his contributions, will recetve the Retirement Income commencing at normal r·etirement date that has been provided fgr him by his own contributions as well as those of the Company . UITABLE CHAM PION -· • RETIREMENT INCOME E. E. SMITH, standing, di cum: li - sa ing proced11r s with a grou of his swimming ins ructo s. '' Butch· plan to pro-ide swi ming ins+·uctio s to 0 local youngsters during the sum er months. He is active in all nuth proqra and p rtkipates in local sc u ing in all its pha es. P Y STER GILBERT SA TTLE, P sa· d na's Fir and Police Commi sioner is shown ith C i f Lockl in nd two of 'the Pa ad na P lk 0 p rtm nt uniformed men. Gilb r·t hes par icipat d ln Posed na 's city go rnm nt affair' for sever I y rs but did not run in th r e nt el ctions beeu1s of his health. THE C AMPION-SPONSORED TROOP 91 Pasadena scouting leaders Patt on , Swasey and Engelbr~tson in th~ with Champion rear row. COMMISSIONER CHESTER KNIGHT. ~ft, nd M yor W. J. Ph ilpot, center, of '"'elena P rk ar $hown ilt r ~;en t ' f C . . C . 1 mee tng o tty ounct . The town of G lel'a p rk, cross the Cho3nnal from our plant h ~ g r~wn and prosp r d under Mayor Ph i,l pot's c;Jt• .l l d a nc.e. • on • • I IZen INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS DIRECTOR A.M. KOURY, is activ in local civic and community affairs, h'avi·ng served a chairman on mt~ny proiech sponsored by the Houston Junior Chamber of Commerce of which he h s been an officer and di rector for five yeari. Under his di rec ion th Housbn Public Health CommiHee, shown above, originat d the volunte r blood donor s.y~tem in the Houston area. MORE THAN 800 STUDENTS and t chers of J ckson Junior High School in Pasadena were present d Gideon Testaments at a recent morn· ing sembly. In +he photograph abov , Ja ck Parks, Vice President of Gideon International in T xas i seen presenting the Testam nts to th youngst rs as they filed out of th assembly. Jack trav I~ thousands o mil s each month helping to carry on ·the good work of the Gideons an tho he is 'without portfolio' all Championfolk acknowledge him to be ou most nthusi stie Ambassador of Good Will. CHAMPION'S JOHN HACKER is welcomed into the Pa~adena Optimist Club by club prexy Hickman Garrett. The local Opti mist group is planning a well-rounded program of youth activities and John joined the club to offer his aid and support to their worthy endeavors. A PORTION of th classy Pesad ena Vol~ unt er Fir 0 p rtm nt showing only Cham· pionfolk m&nning the pump r. Left to riqht, Milford , W gers, 8 $hfodh, D vis, Wynn and Phillip. {Dan Hook r is ''par· tially" hidden by First Assist.snt Chief St n Wynn.) SEA SCOUT SKIPPER ART ENGELBRETSON presents the Eaql Scout ward to a young scout of the Champion sponsoreJ Troop 91. The troop has I 0 Eagle Scouts nd ight are sons of Champion employ es. P PARTICIPATE I IT¥ A D CIVIC AFFAIRS . J1. A'ourv ' \ p1ogJc .... iq· communit_ i known by the Companic. ke ·p . and a p1 O?r '!>,'ii\T Con1pany know~ that it ,\·ill grow d pro 1 er 1ml, in proportion to th growth a1Hl pro ·- 1 ip.· of the commuuity. in " ·hich it 'r side. . · Champion and J>a,adcna ha\l· omc a long i\·ay together IU' that da~ in 1 ~J~ 7 wh n the fir. t ~hcet of pulp '"'as v'-t ·. ed at our 1 lou ton Oi,·i ion. Chant pion pt-rsonnd allllO"t doubled in nu1llbcr and the form er ''li1tl, Yillag-c J'a..,adcna·· ha · become a thri,·ing Youn,.!; ntclrot oli~ ol ne :30.000 pt·t ·on\. Pasadena j.., a cit~ of t hun hes. fine woi:. clhcient cit~ ac1mini. ll at ion, thriYin~ link bu inc"" I ,j~rorou jndu~lr). ~C'\ home~ . . tore" and ·hops arc in' · erected alone,,: lwr line . trccb. Park.... ciYit clubs. a ral\. "' ·imming- pooh. playground . ganlcn an I reading tbs cnj ' the cnthn~ia,tit support o( the citi zens ot Pasana. LH:'. peaking- th e people·~ de~in · to han· their city atlllcc culturalh a wdl as commcn ially. J ' True' lhe ..__ real "l \o' ro" 1h re'!ultc l from the warti n1c lu uial t.:\.pan..,iun during which tht> shipyards. chernical nt· and )ther i ndu~tric · added their rhon~ands o( tem-t ·arily aifhH·nt ,,·nrker: to P~adcna· s ever-growing li:t taxpa~eL - but Champion and Champion folk have 'nl ;t (on i~tently important and conlributing part in ·den ·:> m:ujn~,. gr n th. F Jr mme than ten ·ears Cham-m 1 a prm idcd a teady pay-toll upon which local merant uld dcp(:'nd: Champion lend it upport to every ~ i< unckrra king- ck i~>-ncd to impro,· Pa.sadena and has \'3 \ in d i(ated in < material mann r it cle 'ire ro contri- - LE. S IVELY, Champion's . r .~or o sal s c!lnd scheduling Hour. on Division, is an ac- . ·em _ of Houston's Kiwani& l • CHIEF ENG I NEE R RAY SCHRAUC, member of Houston's Engin ers Club, is i:lnother of Chempion's many activt.J church ""orters. CHAMPION'S local Traffic Manager, C. H. Thomsen , leaves the mill to attend the weekly Traffic Club luncheon. Charlie is an officer in the State Guard, a member of the Board of Stewards of the First Methodist Church and an active participant in other civic affairs. ASSISTANT S E C R ETA R Y . Charles W. Dabney, Jr., immediate past president of the Texas Purchasing Agents Association and active church and civic work-er. bute w the continued growth of Pasadena. Chan1pion has made every effort to be a good neighbor and as a result Champion and Pasadena have grown and prospered together. Probably no other industry in the area has o many ?t its individual member aCtively participating in civic and community affairs. Champion(olk lend their support and ~ actiYe .enthusiasm to ahllo ·t every phase of communit) lif and the photographs ac ompanying these paragraphs lend support to our contention that Championfo1k arc 1-eady willing, able and eager to givo of their tirne, tht:ir talent: and their energies to do Lheir share Lo keep Pa~adcna nlo\' ing a long in the top bracket of up and-corning cities or the Texas scene. DIVISION MANAGER W. R. CRUTE le ves th mill for th Pautden Rotary Club me ting. He serves as Chairm•n of tha San Jacinto District Boy Scouh. Mr. Crute's m•ny contribufotrs to local community enterpris ar c!ldnowl dged by Hous~on's and P 5adena'a civic lead rt. CHIEF CHEMIST S. L. SWA EY s rv s Commiuioner of t San Jacinto District of Boy Sco of America , is a memb r of t Pasadena Zoning Commission, a an c-fficer of hi church. I 12 CarroT! Miller, above, and John Ward, rlqht belo , are +a i·n'(j Coh a i er sto~;k tail oY'er dryers Oil No. 'I 7 rnachin . ' i. 2. IIJf t Carr oll Mill er, left, and Badt ender Luke Reed, shown putti ng &heet on reel at No. 17 moc:hfne. John Ward, Winder man, pi!sts firit sheet of Container Stock on wind&r core as A. M.,. fctirbrother, Assidant Genercl'l Superinten&enl of Paper and Board Manufactu.ring, {bad fo camera), looks on. ,. Roy Trammell, Superintendent of Board Manufacturing, shown at rig ht inspecting firs+ samples of Container s·tock to come from convert ed No. 17 machine. Johnny Bull, of Chemical Lab, at left, Mal- · colm Crisp, Board in- -spector, in llackground. Jim Hall, General S1,1-, perinte·ndent of Pape·r and Board Manufacturing, right looks over first Containe; Steck . samples from No. 17 - machine after start-up. I ns.pecter Glenn Ro bi n• son also look$ the sheet o-ver •. Glehn R o b i n s o n , Board inspechi)r, records first data on Hrd S&t of CoAtainer Stock samples from No. 17 machine, Chief Board lns.pedot Fleet Smathers ·, 1.1 n s speC:ial tes+ 01'1 fint sam· pies of Contai·r:ter Stoelt to come from No. 11 mac}line after start~up. Roy Tram mel and A. M·. Fairbrother look over No. 17 Machi'ne w-inders• .;s John Ward, winder man, brings over first sheet from reel to winder drums en converted machine after successful start-up. Luke Reed, baektender, a·ssists Ward with t·he operation at extreme left. No. 17 IS CHANGED TO BOARD MANUFACTURE In 1908 No. l7 Pulp Machin began produc.inrr
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Please browse the more than 8000 knit- and crochet-related treasures in the CKC Collections Resource <a href="http://digital.centerforknitandcrochet.org/collections/show/1">Museum and Library Collections</a> (drawn from <a href="https://dp.la/info/developers/" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Digital Public Library of America</a>). CKC is seeking new partner organizations to share their collections of knitting and crochet with visitors to this resource. Contact us at <a href="mailto:collections@centerforknitandcrochet.org">collections@centerforknitandcrochet.org</a> for more information about participating. <br /><br /><a href="https://docs.google.com/document/d/11Hb_Y75HnhkCE5i4mKpcTlB8Msp_lB0XUtQr5S8XXKA/edit?usp=sharing" target="_blank" rel="noreferrer noopener">Learn more about criteria for Share Your Treasures.</a>
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linkto:001:http://wcudigitalcollection.contentdm.oclc.org/cdm/ref/collection/p16232coll18/id/1592
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Between 1914 and the late 1960s, the Champion Fibre Company published an internal newsletter, called The Log, to share news about the Canton mill, the community, and its employees. After 1940, news from the entire “Champion Family,” which included mills in Hamilton, Ohio; Houston, Texas and Sandersville, Georgia, was featured in each issue.
- ' • \ ! ' I ' J I t I ! I i I II il II ' j I I II I I I I } > l ' \ I I l • ·-- ............ ~ -- ----- - --- ~ - f-- ~ c2! ...r; { ( _, z.--~1 sl hi~ .. I --- • - -- - -- - -· ------ -- - -- ' ., ' ~Y? )... -'"l I • _( I ..i ._.., ,, • T H E L 0 li I THI I S U .E 0 t 1r ( .1. t H 1 , ru 1 , ..... OL _.,. oO o 0,>00 o ~-.- 0 '''' • oO '' 0' 0 PO• ... -· I ' R~ o\ ·r · Cur s ' , ( ~ t' ... ~·-- .. ........ ..... ..- -· . . . .. . . .... t ) ~ ... -.. .. ..-~ ···· -~ . - Power OoO 0000 ''0 oo 000 ' 0 ~-• • •••·' 0°•..:HoOHO £ ,,., .. ,._.. , ,,, oo oooM·o 0> .o.l>oo• o·o, ... ~ ~.. "'~''' oooo , ... ,,,_. I rafli< Opt·r a linn. ··~···· ......... -··· ..................... . - •• .., •• --· ~ J Cu.rtain Call . ._,,, .• , • ., ••••• u •• ~ .... ••••••• • • ·•• ......... , . ... - .... .., ..... -~-- .. ..... ..._ .... ~ . ~ Hig·lt in WhaL' the Mouu tain · ... .... ~· ·· · ·· · · ·· ·· · . -······-.... -.......... .. . ···~-- ....... ··-· .... l I New I)Jl th<:· F r111ll ............. .. ................. --···-· ....... ......... ~. tl r\ 2~- Year R ' c.. on\ .................................................................. .... ......... ......... I :> 1) .\NGER! ... ....................................................................................... .......... ....... 1 ) Safery Magic ........ ..................................................................... ··· · · -·-- - -~-.. --- .. 19 Jr. 4-1-l ] ournarn ent ............................................. ~ ........................................ 20 G . . F. J . , t)• 0 111 IS .l.ln ...................... ................. ...... , .. _. . ,. ............ - ..... -~ ............. ~ ...... . , ... _.. .......... . ... ..__ \·\hol e-Hearted 0 op ' ration Champions in the foreCront Big Blue- State Champion ................... ___ '>~ ,;_, _ ---.......... ~--··· . ~~"'--.. -..... - ,;) ......... ~ .......................... -............. ,_..,,.... ........ ~ t C]' ..................... , ...... ...... ·-·· -·-· .............. ·-·-· ..... - f) Champi{)ns Play L a<..li ng Rr)lc .............................................. -........ 28 DI VlSlO;\AL l\EWS Hamilton ... ...................................................................................... " ......................... 30 Can ton ....... , .......................................................... ....................................................... -1 } H ou ston .... -................. ........................... , .................................................................. ..... ·~(; . The Champion Paper and Fibre Company Editor, STEWAIH JONES General Offices HAMILTON, OHIO Mills at HAMILTON, OHIO HOUSTON, TEXAS SANDERSVIlLE , GEORGIA CANTON, NORTH CAROliNA Edito~tol Advl.sors, R. B. ROBERTSON, J1t . , D. J. THOMSON, CAL SKILLMAN ~ditor Emeritus, G. W. PHILUPS HAMILTON- Oivi6ional Editor, Ray Garrett HOUSTON- Divisional Editor, Vern De.laplain Henry i\lex-;. horn ·, Hel n l' i ·r~1 11 , l>or01 !. ~. l'u ~h . R 1111 R ~HJII (' l. 011(• I ~ic1 . B1-,l) Sthane~ . J.<1 ifli <;cllneidt·•·. (; nrgt· Si ·itt. , , Hill Tho111fJS011 . CANTON- Dlvisionol Editor, James Deaton ll . T> .• ok•n1 an, J\1:11'' Th i ~. Fr d D a~10 11 , Chri line ]),.a\t 't , hl•d Fergn~on , Ralph (;c,rollh . C ln lc· R . li t• '}. jl .. Rdlt't L t Huw ·II , E111 ··r i\ lc" ·r, lhtH <' , flllll (.'l , noh l' hi lliph, (,,,Ctl dol •tr l'kllunoJL . Ka tlwti •w l' lcllllll•"l". C.1 a(( Plo tt , J. I· . <;)b t~ gltf ' • :O. t;,nl y "i11Jill1. C . C. S ~tlt l• ·'>, J. I·. \\' il!i<11n' "' · H 11-n Bien l'i rth . S~1111 F.l li:-. hed F t~ rnt:~J<. Sum Cffit'L' ouR C 0 V E R PICTURE Vbl. XXXII Otu· UH-'CI pillut-e, lrorn a Kocladu OliH' IJ) C . \V . PJ,illiJIS, cdito ern eriLw; nl l'h c: l.OC . ~ hm s the Na tur;_il Bridg(' o f Vir-gi nia , whi( h "')Jt'C the next page. MAY 1949 NO. S • • • • ONE OF TH.E GllEAT NATUilAt WONDERS OF THE UN.ITED STATES ----- --·~---·---~--· -- ---- Tln:s is thr). t T.') l of t /1 . Natural . Bridge. a , pot 1 i it 7d ca .h ~ ear b thou. a.nds of siah t -. f£>rs fr J111 • t l/( ~.uorld 011e'J'. lt i. localt d £n tlu, 1Va lu ral B rid rz;e 1\ ali r 1l a l .F J1"r' s t . L l i rg-i n £a. ~-- -- ------------------- --- ----~ B'V ; . W. Ph ill ifJ, T h world fam t:d s on · structure on Lee HigLn "- in P orkb ridg:t· ,o1lnty, irrrinia bridging c ~Cir Crc·ek an ) on. - the \\' >rld'il nHX t man: 'lot 1. · h iglnv. y 1 n j ct. was w n l'tru · te l ·willwut human -Horl or th .. . · p ·nditur of a dolla r. \ 'Vhen it 'as hu;lt no nc knows. P rhaps thou sands nr miJJ ion. of vca r. agll , th ' Grea t Ar .bitcct of the uni- • < ' _r;; looking dt wn through t1tc ag · · yet unl orn , saw man onsu·n ·t ing ·t SHJ T· IJ ighway lhrnugh th b atnifuJ Shanawloah 'all 'Y o t irginia, and creel d two mass iv 'ilOllC pier, ahom nin 'L)' feet a part, and pl. c d a captone fift '·fh , fee t th ick and from fift r to 1!1 ' llundrd and ti ft) f · t wide on top , thu t)"ing the I"Wo l icrs lO· gether forming a mon o lithic ~Lon , bridg · a t a convenicn location for a l1ighway rossi ng C dar Creek Can von. I For a on the brid rr wa. hid I ·n b n ath 1hc surfclCC ol the c. 1th bnt tim · ,nd ·rc, ·ion rer11ovcd th Joo .. • ~tone, sand and ·• r h from IJ m: ·lh th hJ'idg Lo (orrn Cedar r ·ck Canyon a1 d p ovid<:: n ct('S ar dninaDc for the \ 'C"ht · n:a of la1 d a bo · th · bridge. T hus. un ' of Lilt: "iC\Cn natt raJ w vn lers o( th · U1 i. tcd SL:H ·.~ - the tor e. ' JJ1 · pnJb h d wall. (If the abtrtJil ·nts i11djoHt tha i ·1g<:.· <•g a rnu ch Ia ger :tr ·~tm oJ waLCI 1] ()\\' "U r. ln ough rJt • JJ atiiJ f'J 1 cl'\1 ·n th • pi· .., than at tl1c pr ~cnt Lime. "J h · in -;id · waJJ of both abut Jil(·nt s ar · twJr,dJ and 1 ol ~ ... h ·d whiC'h jd ntl }' i.~ th · r u ll of th · ~H tim of th · g a. cl. 'land. an I wat. -r on ti J. > ·lime'iton I lltwcn t . . t .. om p ·ri ,d of lim · .in the pa ~> t, t h · r<.~ w ~:~ ·nouglt rater in tb ; st e;Jln 111 UH ·r tb £ hrtnrwl b ·t·w · n th · abuu wnts and I tow ag .. iu ... t I oth }1ie r ~, thtt ~ gt i1 ding lo n th ~ face >f th · '>tWJl' w~dJs < s th • eJ . intUf J "' - . 1 c: Nali .nal Monument in sr)l ltl e, ~ t er n Ut~ll.1 c n t: ~tin s thr ;C naru ral hridg s, t l1 · larg-es t hC' ing 2--~ fc ·t· ;:rhovr th sr1· am and 6. f e t rhi kat the '>mall '>t pan. But the Rainb )W Natur<~l Bridge in tab . nefl r ll1r J\r izon lin e, al ou 1 ~!5 miles north nf · l JVar H (Jtd on the ,' ( ) tl t it rim of the Grand . anyon, is nr of 1 f c mo. t brauti.ful and the largest bridge of it kind in tb world. .Fton1 the b d of th · slream to l'h · top f the arch it is 309 .fc t; has a 1 n of 278 f · t and the arch at th t()r .is ·10 f et thi k. Its nan1 , 'Rai.nb lW lrid ~ ," is ta ken frorn both it sh<'l p • (tnd r:o lnr. Tt is I a ted 1in ::t n~ m t spot which an I rea ch ed o nl by "m.uL .P' ck:" ?v ·r eli ffi ult ro ul'e. Howcv r , the aturaJ 'Rn I c m Ro kbr id g-c Count , irgini a, .is rh nw, t c i br,ted rul uniqu e, in that it i. u ed as ( super-highw. rid g~ a . o~s a can on mor · than 200 fc r lc 'P· One ha . e 1t fO • • apprc 1ate It. •• • r-r ~•·- -• IUY lhlhlll o., l • . .. - . .,; -- .. ~ . ..~ ~· •:..~ r . ....... --· .. ..;~ ., "' ·, • Iff' • ,."':>:'• ··- LANCERS lleep. the boiler tubes clean with a steam jet which loosens the slag . J. B. Jackson an.d Jam·es Ed Ards are the workers shown here. 2 If it w re not for Recovery D ~ partm · nt Of nlljo-As, yo~.o~r fa vorite magaziuc woul i probably cosr ou 5·0 e nt imttad )fa dime or a quart ·. Sheets of fin writing paper wigtu se ll for a rt.ic:kc;1 each. av.ings effected by the economy-Di nded R ecovery Departments befp to rnake a ub tantjal cut in opera.ting costs. ln :melter furnace mo. t o( the costly chemicals u sed in cooking pulpwood chips ar.e recovered. Even the smoke that comes from the smelters. i · proce sed in order to save mor chemicaL . And as a by-product, stearn i produced. Keeping thnee huge f urnaces operating at maximum efficiency r eC}uires cleft handli .ng of materials and equipment. Operator. maintain a cl0 e heck all along the line, from the time the used cooking olut.ion, n ''black liquor," arrives from the Dig,esters until the dissol ed melt, or "green liquor" cornes into the Recovery Department a carefu 1 proce~ s of evapma· t ion reduces it to the desired consistency of 60 or 70 per cent ol-id matte'!". Then it goes into one of the hot me.lter fun1a ces where it burns fiercely at .abont 2,000 degTees. Fhune. consume the non-fibrous materials. which were cooled out of the wood in the Digesters. The heat of combu-tion reduces the ren•a.ininochemicals to a relatively pure liqu·id state. This reel hot tr ·am of molten chemicals passes into a tank wheTe it is mixed with ".,~·eak wash.'' From there it goes on to the Cau ticizing Department and tl1 final stages of processing for re-u e. HOUSfON'S NO. S SMELTtR is one of the newest in rh..e .business. Liquor is ~prq'/ed onto the wa-lls, where it solidifies, then drops to the boHom and: burns. Here ics " Dut¢h •' BDnd. fi reman. MODERN I?RECIPIT A TORS process the Rec:avery g~ses, sav· ing ehemical.s and reduci-ng the amount of smole ~ hich escapes. Cbam·pion has spent half a million dollars on :this project. ' GREEN LIQUOR IS TESTED as it lea ves the Recovery Department for Causticizing. Robert Watson, spout tender, makes the test as Warren Watson, fireman, wat-ches. • ... • CHECKING THE ''BREW" as it comes from the evaporators are Bazil Brown , foreman ; Ralph Davis, Recovery foreman ; and Newton Henson , evaporator operator. -~--'"-~----·~"~'l ! I j I j RECOVERY IS A COMPLICATED PROCEDURE, and i1' takes a large burlding full of ex-p~nsive equipment as well as sk_illed workers. Besides sav~ ng valuable chemicals, enough steam is generated here to operate several la rge steam shtps. 3 Houston BARK BURNERS in the Recovery building also generate steam. Here Harold Edwards checks t he f low of bark on the conveyor just before it drops into the burne .. ) I • TWO JIMS-Jim Rice, Hamilton Champion Eng inee,., and Jrm Hoern1i!r, Assistant Division Engineer, are shown liere in co nferen ce. Meeting5 between these two Engineering-Power f igures a re frequent, as they discuss plans relative to the operation of Hamilto C hampion's pow.er supply system. IT BEGINS HERE- The Coal Unloa d ing Dock, where ei ght c ars; averaging some 400 tons in all, are unloaded a-t Hamilton Champ ion dai·ly. Upper left are the two bunkers, to which all ash from the boilers is carried and hauled away by motor truck. THE NEXT STEP - These four pulv riiers re.duce t-hree -ql.lvip d out with the . toppage of the heart, .a split second of fai lure in . r.he flow of pqwer an cau. e ud len death to the vast mechanical means needed tO produ c Champion Papers . . . food creat energy for the functio ns of the human: .. h eart, so does coal in the opera tion to assure Champion power supply- {ood r:na ke. ror h eat in the human stru ture, coal provides steam in the manufacturing of po·w c1~ . Heat produces nergy for the human . anatomy, as steam st:rpplics electrical en ergy ror power, and so the story goes. P erhaps no one pbase of op rations within the huge Charnpion organizat.i m is as dcpcn'ded upon as is power. All operations require its ser ices - se rvice ~ ·· that are all but immeasurable ·in the thinking o£ the ht.1man mind. ; REACH! NG SKYWARD- Tbe 220 foet s-tack, I I foGt inside diameteT at the t6op , oonsfruded ifl 1907, and utilir.1 Champiol'l u..sed batter than a thi·td of a rnilliom K.W.H.'s evl!}ry 24 h.0JJrs, alrhough actua lly qenerating almost a half miiHon -the swl'p'lus being -delivered to the Cincinn~ti Gas end EJectri~ Company. In furn , e.G. ond e. furni,h~s Champion shnd,by emergency pC!Wflf service. 5 • CLETUS and CHES- Cletus Stricker, Turbine Plant Oiler, and Chester Mannion , Tu rbine Plant Super· visor - shown here at the Main Electrical Switch Board. From this board , current distribution to the Mill i~ controlled. ED and DELBERT- Ed Nunnery, Boiler Plant Supervisor, and Delbert Hornsby, Head Fireman, loo king at Main Bo il.er Plant Steam Gauges. IID,GDD ·W·H PAUL SHOLLENBARGER- Assistant Boiler Plant Supervise~ , sh.own here at his desk in the spacious new Engineering-Boi ler Plant Offi~es. 6 ' GORDON ANDREWS- Hamilton Di vision Engineer checking at the Tracing Files in the Engineering Offices. Over I 0,000 tracings are filed in this cabinet, not to mention blue prints and the like filed elsewhere. W ILBUR BARD- Hamilton Division E gineer chec king f iles for specifications fo.r new equipment being pla nned by the Engineering Department- either for replacement or ne' construction as the C and l · ad ~. fl i!> f<:l\Oi itc pa n ~ and pia )) wtn: th().., · nl " \ \ ''tit ·r G lyndon " i11 the " Pi ung(' r" an< l "Mark Brier..,o n'· in " Pir ("y Ridg ·". 'J'l1 · .., toe k (IJJ1J }Ja uy Lravekc l t hl'()Ug fl otJI th · ea tun part fJI th · li ni tt:d Sta l<"'> and Can;u la, .,!;tying lilt ... n .n al we · k~ a t a t im · a t l:u g ·r p hw . .., su h a., loHtr <·al. During pal I o f lhc tim<: th ;t l llv ''·'' .1< 1 ing llt. \'a" a l-,u worki11g a' ')('U ·ta1y of a ti H.liJical Ol":tllit.tlion \-v hid l V'al) the rm··rltlllll,·r ol IIH' j H(' \( ' JJt I h :a ll(' L tHid , P. rt oi the du t ie-s of lhi" orgauii'atiun inc ludl'tl ~>L' l \ it tg MEN US for th General Office Dining Room ar r viewed by the office manager. H is shown here consulting with Marian Kell r, dieiician. Others in t he pidur a re Chris tine Riley and R na Rhod is. Esth er Ca rtier, secreta ry, HE (3) DISCUSSES PLANS for the General Office par king lot with Jack Rupp, his a ssistant. JANITORIAL SERVICES for th e building ( 4) must be looked after, and here Nelson is shown talk ing with George Bi ere, head jan itor. as an employment agency for th eatr ica l pco1lc. Pt:rhap an a Lor ur an ac tress becarn !>uddc n lv ill or for ome reason had to lea ve th e play. -' ' el:.un ~[o' rt} was 1cqui ed as secretary to b able to pre duce at a moment's notice someone wlto co ul d n o t o nly act but whrJ would fit imo the vacated part. Certa inly n o t hard to take. i.n wnn ·nion with thi job, was th'e fa c t that Nel o n· bu ... ines. ca rd wa'> g(Jod for rwo tic ke ts for any show in 0: c vv Yor k, re~a 1 dle ol the crowd or the night. H e was rcc1uired to h a \ a work ing kn owleclg of e ve ry pla y a nd the pan o l each r hm acter. 1 t make · us green ,,·i t It em y to hear of . el o n ', close connect ion with ma nv fat uou, a ctor and anre,sc. H e pbye I Shakespearean p' an - in " .. .\ You Lik. J ( ' a n l " Merchant of Veni ce" with Cha tlt Cobmn and hi ... late wife, the beautiful h 'ah \\ ' i lh. Coburn produced the _e Sh akespearean p lays in lovel · opl'n-air tltcat rc ~ on th priva te ground [wealthy 1\'tw \'otk c~tatc . Our. ' c l,on took ·ma ll p art · in th ese J'lap and he wa. abo lr('qttcwh tagc man ag ' r or had . olll t' other job in t un t1l.'C I ion w i rh lh play. N umbcr 'd among hi~ d o:-.e ;t c qu :t i llta nn; ~ welt' Jam~' I' . H ~t lk.Ct t . the ·o u11 gcr Doug- la · Fa irbanb. '' ho at that time tl::t cd snml l pa rts with l't)lll " ' is ' : a l-,o E. l l. n th c rn and lli 11 wik. J ll li:.t t\ (arlo ,. , who ar(' l·,>midl'rnl t he mmt fa mous S h ak c~ p •an· calc and uf wa tt hi ll , Walt 'r " ' inchdl doing hi, jugg li 1tg a c t. He hc l() ngcd to the . ~111\ ·< lui> with \ l jol ... o tt , wll u tll \\l' ;d l knuw fro nt lhl' ., TC ·n and 1 adio. .\l'L t l' about ~j , (': II ., o l t h i ~ l:t ~ ('in at in g lite ·l ... nn < ll :tJi gt·d h i:- t: tlTcr lo r :ti:-.ing tlltl th y lur larg·c organitati H h . I k 1\' ;t a Lr lor Cil a lll bt'lS o l l.nnt 11\l' rt• '· hmp i tal ... :tnd collq!, '"i. H [., la q.~ -·.., 1 c : u np~t ig n \\ : t ' tai -, illg . ~, . o o o . ono l t)r Cu·:tt vr <~ cmg i a T~· r lt in \ tl. uua . I \\'i( • It t d iH'll l'd ca 111p ai g ll ~ lor 1 he Sot! h F,,.., , lli1 i.,io ll ' '' t it <' P t·d Cr•>" wh t' lt Lite Ltl l' l lan llt pkit h , ad d"ior RESERVATIO NS for olane year . T his office expires May 30, 1949. H e i · Area Direcwr of Area 7 INh.ich includes puts uf OJ1io, I en nsylvania, K ·ntu ·ky and vVest Virgini a. ·in e the d a Lh of !lrs. J\f or ·y on D:eccmbet 17, .l 94h, Virgin ia Morey, who is; a secr etary with the Nati mal Labo.r Rel ations Boa din Cincinnati , has made a home for her f..ar.h. ·r. T hey ha,·e a bea ut iful apattm nt in Cin cinnati near the Univer!iity wh re Nelson has i nnumer able "gadgets" of which he is an avid coll 'cwr. On · or the gr "'a test j oy~ of h is Jj fc is to find a n ew gadget with som clever i1sc. H e al (J enjoys J,j Jt;iards and ba 'ebal1, and is a corwnjs eur o f fine foo L PRJNTI.NG OF FORMS, ledger sheets, l.etter he.ads and other prl l'lted material ·reou ired in General Offlce depl! d tn!'nh i! coordi nated by Qffic.e Ma ~age r NelsO'I"' Morey with ~aip h WGodrey, Prill't Shop For.eman . I ,I "Bea ns" TerYehn. head ma il carr ie r. COMMUNIC ATIONS PRO BLEMS (6) must be worked out with Margaret l eydon, head switchboard operator. MOVIN ~ OF OFFICE FURNITURE (7) is done by J anitor Al ex Re nnie und er Nelson 's supe rvision . OFFICE CLERICAL POOL menh during rush periods. nates the work of the pool. ' • A in Gener al O·Ffices assists1 var-iou~ · departAs office manager, Nelson Morey cootdiMuri el Allen , supervisor, is at right, above. AUTOMOBilE.$ assigned to General Offices are scheduled for trips an.d about-town. uae by the office maMg.er. Here Nelson is shown as he cheds rou+ing slips witb Fr<;~ nk Cook, company chauHeut. EMPLOYMENT IN'ftRVlEWING o:.~f Ge nera'! ·Offiee cl-erks antd stenegra phers Is ar:1oth er facet of the . (>ff ico manage r's routine. The job a pplicant' be low is Setty Shouthwest of anton, amp Ho . ·~ oj fcrcr a o · r kt • and whol om · Yari •ty (If r o· - ational (eature for the hundred) of 1Jr,y1> and girls ·who ·ojoy an encampm n th e ach ason. - he mp also ba · bewrr · a popular rend zv ·us for < dv)t camp ·rs •J1cn th · yys may head for a nearby trout st re.am, where some of the best angling in W est e rn Nort·h C a ro!ina is to be found . ' RI:GU LAR SABBATH services are he ld atop a high peak ove rl oo·~i n g the Cha rm pi·on Y.M.C.A. summer playgroumd. Here Marfha Hoffner, Salisbu ry, assistant camp direetor, leads a group in hymn singing progl'tlm. Martha a lso . served on t he camp advisory board in 194 7 and I 948. ' • ~'KEE-P _YOUR LE~T UP I" ihe little fe11ows go '" for t1ng ~orlt wdh Unusual vigor, always have 9ood coaion ', l\ll. C A., Canton, N. C. fot reservaLion ~->. An at tra rive hookl ' t, cun::ri aro.p:ing: usts. advalltage an.,d r o~ ·-uional fcatuTcs :ll Camp Hop " js ju ·t off tJy and is avai lahJC to aJl int ·r 'St.cd pt:r){JB. . . C11ampiot1 Y. {.C. A. <0 lfi ia1s ~tre predicting a rccord-br ·ak. ing .n ampme-m for popular C..amp Hop · th is ~un1 lCJ" . if. L. Staple ·, Malon ; . Y., "''~ 11 r tum as tatnp lh c!>or jM tl1 s i':ond onse utive · ·ar thi · .Tlmn.t 'T. H ~ i '> bciwr a. ~i'- 1- d by ' M , Mi~~ 1\.l.artha H >ffn ~r, o( Sali ·bm ·, . C., and Hill \~.' hit e!i id cs. h :-- J. \.V. Surra tt, o£ ... outh Carr>l1oa, will return ag:-tin Lhl~ , ear relin· a thou ~aud rnemories . . . M no~- k · p 14 her fi eld g-lass s in a kit hen drawer ·lose tO th back d ox . . . few S€ ond& oft •n mean , uc <' o · failure in J1 e thri I ling hunt for n ~w sr i • · of birds . . . We w nt the "father and his elcc r.ri t r. in ·· one better when w b ught Lh<: wif · n ele tric mix r tor Cbri tmas ... w·e've never had so many good !.h.ings tv eat, and she whips up h r now famo lS ''creamy-whip'' fudge a lmost every other day . . . i y, my! . .. These re gardening days, wonderful, optimistic, glorious gardening days! We have pored o er the seed catalogu , ordered mLtch more than we n eeded. (as usual), ordered varie ties of vege tables that we kno\v will not do well in our soil (as u ual), and are ready to outdo the pictures on the seed packets. The good earth (at la ·t) stands mellow, moist and rich , with the earthy smell 0f productiven ess urging us orr. No wonder that h ope springs eternal in the human breast ... in the springrime! There will be just enough rainfall and just enough sunshine to bring all of our crops to a fr ui tful maturity! (Alas, the first long drought will separate the wheat from the chaff. For most of us, our enthusiasm will slowly ilie with the withering of the tomato vines and tb.e stunting of the corn row-s. But the real, honest-to-God gardener will continue to file his h oe, and the . hiny blade will 0'0 click-clicking down the rows stirring the dust mulch and giving to the thirsty plants every possible bit of moisture. A good gardener's slogan of faith i , "God helps those who h elp themselves.") Something new has been added .. . A b ig . bouncing ball of gold and white fur h.as arrived from Cincinnati to walk in the footsteps of his proud father, Lance. Only 9 months old, he al':ready weigh 70 pounds and is a) large as his sire ever was. '\t\le were o struck. by his beauty arrd sweetness and shockin;g likenes w Lance that a lu1np came into our throat and we could nor r t unt.il we brought him to Sunuycrest. ln qualit he is rated about 15% superior to Lance; w~1ether he can take hi place as a sire and allrou:nd collie remain to be seen. The female Star, sweet and demure, who one of hel' friends said is. "su ch a good girl," · vould ha e nothin r.r to do with him for r.he first week or two. Wh en we fir. t pul the playful f 1low in the b ack field, she bared h r fangs and attacked him ''.rith a avagery that shock ed u . In fact, we had to pull him out of the ba kfi ld to pre em him fro1 ~being scarred a round th head_ Good o llloyal Star! She grie e · for her mate_ Often during the pa t we ks ,, e have seen h .r alk to the p t in the .orn r ( th fenc wlier Lanse r sted o o1uch. Ther she wou ld stand p .rf ctly st ill. rai. "·e her head and niH th air in a wf' ird, hauncing fashion. Let her grieve in p v a11.d . aw a Jrill ptit on by tht:: Roya l Cana lian "M_ OllJlll. " " J gucs mo. t e rybod ·. h arcl about Lhe " Moum.i s_" fhc wa those lads (hjlJed on h ors 1 ack ,. a. reall omctbin' to writ· h 0'11lt; about - th t~ pr tl ies t tcamworl ·ou cv r ' • • FORMER CHAMPION HAS GREAT BASKETBALL PLAYING RECORD JaH, •. . many girl play ba ·:ketball for e \·eral y ars a t a Lim.l', bm Gra<.:c Franklin ~:L.uw, ·wile of Dae V. Man n, Canton Cbarn.picm machine tender, has played ba ·k · tba ll continuot:H;1y for 22 ' ~ ar · . · Grace, who a:d:m.i · '\\\rithout r l u ctan ce ti1.a t sh e is 40 yeats young, tarted playing baske tball _ do ~m n. Jonathan Creek, H a , ·wood county, back in 1927 when she was just an enthu ta t1c l.a .1e .. ' be recalL that the . basket through which ·he tossed the first Geld and foul goals w.ere rather crude, but she 1mply lov d the game from tbe ·tart. Entering Canton H igh S ::.hool, Grace w ntinued h er baske tball acti viti es, be on1ino· one of the nt(:st _d ep~ndable girl · e,·er Lo v~ear a Camon High SchcJOI unifor ni. She wa widel yknown w1thm lugh. chool ba ketball 1r cles and h er reputation grew wilh succeeding years. Grace pla , s just as much ba ketba1l today .as she did l 0 and 20 year ago, but she plays a better brand of bail a. a result of the e years of experien ce. She wa. an o utstanding UST AS HANDY with cQGKi r;~ g utensils as she is wifh a basket ball, Grace Mann is an excelle nt housewife. She likes to milk the family cow and raise fliyers from day-old chicks. DAE MANN AND WIH GRACE in the li,iing room of their home on Clyde Highway. Picture was snapped pn Dae's 25th anniversary with the Champion. . member of the Chanlpion Y gir l · team this winter: a. team which won two separate championship and threaten d to sn a tch another dul·irig the Atlanta tOtmu~ y. Grace .also did a fine job for Canton Champion dnri.ng '\>Vorlu \1\Tar l r when rn.any of Champion~ s men were called int<) service. She was employed in Champion's Stor room de partment where sh e learned hundreds of nwchanical parts by heart <:llld proved just a. good a woman ' ·at lA~o rk " as h e was "at play.'' . Dae, her tall machine-tender h usband, went to war and did a swell job of . erving- Uncle Sam along wi th n:umy othtcr Canton Champions. Grace and Dae hav be.en ma rried since 0 tobe.r 8, .I930. T h ey bave no children, but Grace takes ·unusual p rid in th e ir modern home on the Clyde Highway. Gta c i& the daucrhrer of the la le L C. and Mary Frances C >le:tt1an. Ftanklin, of Jonathan Cl'eek ection of Haywood cou11ty. A brother, I. G. (Bill) Franklin, is a filter operator in Stearn anEl Power DepartmeDt and ha . been \.Vith Canton Cl1 ampion cS.inoe Apri l 10, ·193G. Grace l\{ann is n o ted for her pi "asii:tg d ispos ition on and off Lh ba kii! tball <;o tH"t. Sh takes a victory a. a ma tter of o u rs and can casil . s t11il in the face of d feat. Grace has learned _from ·xpcrience thar if you play enough ba ·ketball you'll encounter Old Man de( a t oc flSi'on.aU y. . G.race has played a lot of basketball in the last 22 years, and expects to play mor basketb~ ll before he p (.;nnanen tly hangs up her uniform. Few other women, if any, can boast such a record. • •' GRACE MANN ~a s played baskefball co.nti nuously for 22 years and is still g oing stronq at "4()". 15 • ' l H a.t11ilton Shav in g~ and other form~ HEADACHE - I d . in chain-driven of paper waste o g1ng 1. 't . ent can cause lm1 electrical equ,pm . t t out of adtustmen . switch to ge h. k' individuals "KID STUFF"- Unt In lng . t m markers DANGER HERE- Sroken b""'-e~ c:an d e daroa·ge to electrical equt pcaose- undu g·ering the lives of employees b known to lnser rea . ment , en an have een . much inconvenl-into time clo.cks, causing f 'II h w o m1. g h· t touch by chance. . t th·at is just short o Sl Y· ence IO' an ac ' • To define the dntic of a T rouble Sh oter. he i the E lec tric DepartnH';~ JU r presentative, re ponsjble for finding and correcring all sources of e lectrica l trouble with a mini1 mrn of lost procluct iv' time. ·o say the leasr. his job is • bt.ts ' one, b tt t ' could be lig h tened no li ed through carr in th 11p rat ion or ~lect.ri ca l '<[lt,ipnrnt an 1 at - 1 ara ttt s. b1 j->h.tin , cv ·r ~ da · E11g.-lish - the u:;e o I ordi nar ' cotm non s ·ns -.. Waft.'' is the Trot1 bl : Shooter 's No. I en ·my, y ·the mu ·t cmnend with w ~l st'', s Tap. [or i 1 n ·mat ·ri ,·d s. 1'0cH! smHs; mols, rags. g lnv and just f'tl)Otl t vorythi ng- imaginal lc 1.0 b · ncoumcrccl i.n his wnrk. THE NO. I ENEMY- Wat·er can cause more c;lama~e to elechica f equipment and apparatus t.han any one thin9 known b man -it's the trouble shooter'' ehiel worry. CarcJ,cssnes~ in 1J1e handJ.ing of a water ho ·c, the plar ing· ot scrap and <>thcr ' ast · in and on eq1tipmcnt can f"r i\ C catHie (or nYtny a head <:tc bc. T h.c :ame applict. Lo tools. rags, glove · and oth r m. <:~ler.ials . i hen. roo, h e ha.., the ·u riou.s tO contcn.tl with - the kUow who must find out what. i, · all abuut, the fcllm\ who opens door marke l Hi • U MSAFE PRACTICE - Saf ety s w i t c h bo~es wei"B ne er meant as storage space tar pa pe.r euf>s, tools. gloves and ~uc.h . iliere's a real haxatd til thi~ practi>ce. D·OTE • DON elec·trj . OPE ... '. and the e1f-made lL d that lt-as· so reli·\ C, W. ant tr; . m w 'b~ t hal;p01 ·J? J' i1st of all • lt w· uo · d.t a(dy . hut-_ d t wn • a Yital fJlOu_,U fJ·\> -t ' IIJ1ll ( J f n~a chmew. S ·cou 11 , ~- . . . Jifc· . ·.. •. 1 1- touk tH'> sl • •m Ju. own ·h a ntl · '1· 1J l'(Juglt· ·\~•}'-"~ l.uck, no e . plo~l on o ( Urt Ci l '\ )a l l f j W 'u. I H<•l bl ·n -:,o ll .k v? ' . Of 'OUf -•' ·tn1 c 'J roub le Sl1 )<'H ' r' ll -- h' ' . .i ~ a no Ll1ef Hk ~ It j,H 'l II • EXPLOSION L U R K I N G _:. A cup of spilled s oH e can ca ~:~se a rh eost at to explod·e viol e ntly. Liquids and electrical eq\Jipment are fer f ro m b eing fr"1 ends . KOTTER THAN FIRE . necessa ry in th . ' - .Switch hexe-s C~re · e operat1on of 1 t · I e qt,upme n+, buf , e .. ec r1ca fire" fo-r t he . czan .prove hotter than •t· h Jn exp enenced who t . • WI .same. amp.er jFuAstC wEhV4At LthUeEyT saRyU ET - O. a nger, ta gs m·ean h . . oo many hme fh ave been cases h · ' s, ere sonnel d idn't t k el"~ una uthoriz.ed perv< sl~,te. a e t em at the ir f~.tce P':ROBL.EM ..- Motor> s e r v e a deiinite pu rpose in the operation cf machinery ancl. eql.lipment, but were never intended as a ''catch all ' for gloves, rags. tools. • • I AhL L ldW bI R ES ARE HOT - E ry . eare s f pu • i1>t. . k n when i·n ~fl l VI-•C ~ ·I A 'It Y, ;' Wlr~ti, n~r&'s no- '-'d '/ to ti.nd ouf tf a wll'e is hat OJ c ld unH' 't ' too l te. 1 • u HamiltoH. LUNCH'S READY- Starter boxes are hardly suitable fo r a lunch table, but spilled food st uffs can well serve as a damaging agency to such equipment. NOT ORNAMENTAL- Lettering on this starter cabinet wasn 't put there for making pretty . It has a d,efinite message, which should be adhered to always. FOR SAFETY'S SAKE- When the job requires, always use the left hand when operating a starting switch- it's the safe way, tG enjoy life in the future. BLOCKED OFF-Sh ell wagol)s and other materials have no pl~ce In bloc king off electrical equipment, which might be needed in an emefgency, but quick. troub l . There are many Lriends in his daily outact.s ~ peo ple who tak · every st p to mak his ~ ork ea ie1·, theirs safer, too. Al 'Wiseman i on of those Trouble 'ho l 1. who enjoys a ho t of friends at lLunilLon Clunnpion . Know· il'lg that AI i ~:> thoroughly f. tniliar with the j b, wt: ou,n·ht his . ervi es f-rom Ele · u~i Dcpa tm:cnt Supervis rs Howard Adam and Leon do but. do ;ts h : \VUtlt t l ... an l th<:ll i: cx··1ct1y wha t J'rn pbt'luing for th b s aml ycal'S alH·ad. Hotwstly. )' ,. · n -·vcr 1 houghl oJ t" Lit-L'Hl •nt a:; h<'irt,{ an lhing li~ c what the wor l m t :'!Jb, b ' ·, use I'm sur ·I • 110 l g-o ing: t n 1i ~s this b:1n cc to I c o~n · V - d'w lon't . tek c·t tern lndu rial R'creattUll Conf<'rcn e at George Vand ·rbilt Hotel, in .\ h< illt, ~Jmclt .51. .\ prill-2. RAY BENNETT, general superintendent of Ecusta Pa per Corporation, Pisgah Forest, N. C ., delivering prin ci pal address on ''The Place of Recreation in In d ustria l RE> lations" before conference members a nd guest s. John D. En:r man, recreation director ot Ecu~ta Paper CorpOlatinn, P isgah Fore:t, N. C., had cltarcrc of pc( ial ·nlutainm nt F riday evening, pril 1. Entertainment included a colorful 'lquare dan ce e.'hi bi tion bv Ec u'ita team, \iolin olos b\ £, cr-.man, with •-I ' ' ' ' Mrs. Mary Glass a t the p ia no, an interc~ting mimi-reading act b) ~ ·1iss Lu cille H effner. as i tant recreation director at Ecu ta, and a father and son ac t which drevv much applam R ay Bennet t, general superintendent of Ecu ta Corporation. J. BRUCE MORFORD, Manager of Industrial Re lations for Canton Division of Th e C h mpio n Paper nd Fibr Company, is shown presiding over Friday evdning co,ferenc se sion. Left to riqht at speak rs ' tabl r Fran k P. C llah n, General Electric Co. and treasurer of Industrial Recreation Associ tion ; C. A. Benson, recr t io n d ir ctor, Eastman Kodak Co, Rochester, N. Y.; R lph lsacksen, personnel director , J . P. Seaburg Corpora tion. Chicago; Ray Ben nett, Ecusta Paper Corp., guest speaker; Morford; W. H. Edmund , recre ation director, Goodye r Tire and Rubber Comp11ny, Akron , Ohio; Dr. Harold D. Mey r, d irector o N. C . R crea ion Commissio n, Chapel Hill; J ohn W. Fulton, ex cutive secretVa elect d secretary, of the North Carolina R ecrea-tion Association. ........ SOME OF THE CANTON CHAMPIONS aHendin~ the con.f'erenee a~e shown in this dinner scene. Clockwl~e around the fable ,ar@.: H. C . Hawn, P. H. Hanes, Knitting Company, and Mrs. Hawn ; Dolly Skillman, wife of Cal Sl:illman ; J . E. Williamson, Industrial Relations staff member of Canton Champion, and his wife, " Gwyn''; Frances Dea ton, wife. of Jimmie Deaton, Canton Division editor of The LOG; Carter L. Rh•ne· hart, assisfa·nt secreteary o-f Champion Y.M.C.A.: Jimmie Chambers, recreation director Valdese Community Center, and wife, Georgia: Elizabe+h Thompso~. ladies' se<.retary, Ch11mpion Y; Marie Bell, social secretary, Champion _Y; Jack Justice, athletic director of Champion Y; and C. P. Clark, Walden~ian Hosiery Mills. . JOHN EVERSMAN, Ec